scholarly journals Aspects of the pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
N A Romanenko ◽  
S S Bessmeltsev ◽  
A E Alborov ◽  
E R Shilova ◽  
A V Chechetkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Iron Kinetics ◽  
Personalized Approach

Anemia is considered one of the manifistations of many neoplasms affecting the overall survival and reducing the quality of life of patients. The prevalence of anemia varies from 20 to 90% depending on the nosology, the stage of the disease, antitumor treatment. The pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients is complex. Among pathogenetic factors, such factors are distinguished as tumor infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant cells, inhibition of erythroid growth by cytokines of inflammation, decreased sensitivity of receptors to erythropoietin and its production, increased levels of hepcidin, defects of nutrition, increased deposition and sequestration of blood cells in the spleen, excessive bone fibrosis, hemorrhagic syndrome, antitumor therapy. The article presents the pathogenesis of anemia in oncological disease with a detailed description of the suppressive effect on hematopoiesis of a number of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-, interferon-) produced by cells of the immune system. The mechanism of influence of cytokines on erythropoiesis, synthesis of erythropoietin as well as on the enhancement of hepcidin production in the body is presented in detail. The article also describes the mechanism of impairment of iron kinetics in the body in patients with cancer and subsequent development of functional deficiency. This review of the literature contains up-to-date information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients, understanding of which will allow the clinical physician to choose a rational way of pathogenetic or substitution correction of anemic syndrome, taking into account the personalized approach to treatment and prevention, especially in patients receiving surgical, chemotherapy, radiation treatment.

scholarly journals Métodos para avaliação da sarcopenia em pacientes hospitalizados com câncer do trato gastrointestinal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lais de Oliveira ◽  
Rafaely de Fátima Fernandes Almeida Vieira ◽  
Angelica Rocha de Freitas Melhem ◽  
Dalton Luiz Schiessel ◽  
Silvana Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by the association of loss of lean mass and functionality, and in cancer patients it is a frequent situation. Thus, the study aims to assess the presence of sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using alternative assessments to analyse the patient’s strength and functionality. Methods: To assess sarcopenia in cancer patients, the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (APM), dynamometry to assess handgrip strength and the Barthel Scale to analyse functionality were collected, associating APM and dynamometer and MAP. with Barthel scale in cancer patients. Results: Twenty patients participated in the study, with moderately malnourished patients showing greater strength in the dynamometer in relation to the well-nourished ones and that obese individuals had greater APM in relation to other nutritional states. Regarding functionality, most patients 80% were classified as independent. Patients with esophageal cancer had MAP inferior to the other locations of the body evaluated, but compared with the dynamometer they presented better results. Conclusions: There was no high prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using the methods used APM, dynamometer and Barthel Scale.

scholarly journals Mindfulness, cancer, and pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Anna M. Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Mental Adjustment

Pain is the most distressing and incapacitating symptom experienced by cancer patients. While mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions have been conducted with cancer patients, no study has explored psychological and pain- related factors in patients with cancer-related pain. The effects of an eight-week MBSR intervention were investigated on pre- post scores for pain catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety, pain intensity ratings, and mental adjustment to cancer in breast cancer patients with pa in. Forty-one women diagnosed withcancer-related pain participated in the study. The MBSR was conducted for 1.5 hours/week for eight-weeks; participants were trained in the body scan, sitting meditation, and hatha yoga. Results showed significant reduction in scores for pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and painratings; also significant positive changes occurred for mental adjustment to cancer. This study is the first to investigate MBSR effects for psychological factors in patients with cancer pain. Much more research is needed in this area.

scholarly journals Transfusion Reactions in Pediatric Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cakra Jati Pranata ◽  
Nur Suryawan ◽  
Delita Prihatni
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Background: Transfusion is an essential component of supportive management for cancer patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia. It is generally safe; however, it has several risks and complications including those caused by transfusion reactions. This study aimed to describe transfusion reactions in pediatric cancer patients in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a total sampling method. A prospective analysis was performed on episodes of blood transfusion in pediatric patients aged younger than 18 years old with cancer and were hospitalized at the Department of Child Health of the hospital from July to August 2019. After the consent of the parents, the patients were interviewed for various transfusion reactions. Data collected were presented using tables and charts. Results: Leukemia was the most frequent cancer in children cancer patients who need transfusion. Out of 42 children included, 155 episodes of transfusion were observed with 22 episodes showed transfusion reactions (14.2%). The most frequent manifestations were pruritus (31.8%), followed by combination of pruritus and erythema (27.4%) and fever (13.6%). These reactions appeared mostly in 1 to 2 hours (27.2%), with most were mild reactions (59.1%). Conclusion: Transfusion reactions mostly occurred among pediatric patients with cancer in the acute phase with clinical manifestation of allergic reactions, predominantly mild. Early identification of these reactions would result in better treatment and prevention for recurrence of transfusion reactions.

scholarly journals Mood Disorder in Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Nardone ◽  
Alfonso Reginelli ◽  
Claudia Vinciguerra ◽  
Pierpaolo Correale ◽  
Maria Grazia Calvanese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is having a devastating psychological impact on patients, especially patients with cancer. This work aims to evaluate mood disorders of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy during COVID-19 in comparison with cancer patients who underwent radiation therapy in 2019.Materials and Methods: We included all the patients undergoing radiation therapy at our department in two-time points (once a week for a month in May 2019) and during the COVID-19 outbreak (in April 2020). All the patients were asked to fulfill a validated questionnaire (STAI-Y1, State trait anxiety inventory scale), the Symptom Distress thermometer (SDT) (from 0 to 10 score), and the Beck Depression Inventory v.2 (BDI-2). We took into account the COVID-19 outbreak and also sex, age, week of radiation treatment, and disease.Results: We included 458 patients (220 males and 238 females), with a median age of 64 years. STAI-Y1 median score was 40 (mean 41,3, range 19–79), whereas the median score of SDT was five and BDI-2 median score was 11. STAI-Y1, SDT, and BDI-2 were significantly correlated with the COVID-19 outbreak (p < 0,001 for all the tests), sex (p: 0,016 for STAI-Y1, p < 0.001 for SDT, p:0.013 for BDI-2), week of treatment (p: 0.012 for STAI-Y1 and p: 0.031 for SDT), and disease (p:0.015 for STAI-Y1, p < 0.001 for SDT and p:0.020 for BDI-2).Conclusions: The prevalence of mood disorders in patients undergoing radiation therapy is higher than expected and even higher during the COVID-19 outbreak. These measurements could be useful as a baseline to start medical humanities programs to decrease these scores.

Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meic H. Schmidt ◽  
Paul Klimo ◽  
Frank D. Vrionis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Approximately 70% of cancer patients have metastatic disease at death. The spine is involved in up to 40% of those patients. Spinal cord compression may develop in 5% to 10% of cancer patients and up to 40% of patients with preexisting nonspinal bone metastasis (>25,000 cases/y). Given the increasing survival times of patients with cancer, greater numbers of patients are likely to develop this complication. The role of surgery in the management of metastatic spinal cord compression is expanding. The management of metastatic spine disease can consist of a combination of surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. Treatment modalities are not mutually exclusive and must be individualized for patients evaluated in a multidisciplinary setting.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DENTAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Успенская ◽  
Ol'ga Uspenskaya ◽  
Ирина Фадеева ◽  
Irina Fadeeva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dental Diseases

Subject. In the modern world, the prevalence of cancer is growing every year, in this regard, this pathology is one of the most pressing problems in medicine. There is no doubt that malignant neoplasms have a complex interaction with the body. The General mechanisms of occurrence and progression of the tumor process are intensively studied, and to date, a huge amount of material on molecular and clinical Oncology has been accumulated, it is used in related disciplines. The most important sections of dentistry are the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the mucous membrane. Often, clinical manifestations in the oral cavity are one of the first symptoms indicating a General somatic disease. This article covers the study of the dental status of patients with different localizations of cancer. Objective ― to study the incidence of dental diseases of patients with cancer. Methodology. To conduct a study medical examination of patients with different localizations of cancer was held to determine dental: the definition of DMF-Index, PMA-index, Parodontal Index, and the condition of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy, patients who refused to participate in the survey were excluded from the survey. Results. The study included 526 patients. The predominance of certain types of dental diseases among patients with a particular cancer pathology was revealed. Conclusions. Our study showed that all patients had decompensated forms of caries. The most common dental diseases combined with cancer are hyperplasia filiform papillae (K14.3), the "geographic" language (K14.1). Periodontal disease occurred in 69,5 % of cases among cancer patients.

Treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryCancer is a major and independent risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In clinical practice, a high number of VTE events occurs in patients with cancer, and treatment of cancerassociated VTE differs in several aspects from treatment of VTE in the general population. However, treatment in cancer patients remains a major challenge, as the risk of recurrence of VTE as well as the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulation is substantially higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. In several clinical trials, different anticoagulants and regimens have been investigated for treatment of acute VTE and secondary prophylaxis in cancer patients to prevent recurrence. Based on the results of these trials, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) has become the treatment of choice in cancer patients with acute VTE in the initial period and for extended and long-term anticoagulation for 3-6 months. New oral anticoagulants directly inhibiting thrombin or factor Xa, have been developed in the past decade and studied in large phase III clinical trials. Results from currently completed trials are promising and indicate their potential use for treatment of VTE. However, the role of the new oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors for VTE treatment in cancer patients still has to be clarified in further studies specifically focusing on cancer-associated VTE. This brief review will summarize the current strategies of initial and long-term VTE treatment in patients with cancer and discuss the potential use of the new oral anticoagulants.

Thrombosis in Cancer Patients Treated with Hematopoietic Growth Factors - A Meta-Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Barbul ◽  
G Finazzi ◽  
A Grassi ◽  
R Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Vascular Occlusions

SummaryHematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are largely used in patients with cancer undergoing cytotoxic treatment to accelerate neutrophil recovery and decrease the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Clinical practice guidelines for their use have been recently established (1), taking into account clinical benefit, but also cost and toxicity. Vascular occlusions have been recently reported among the severe reactions associated with the use of CSFs, in anedoctal case reports (2, 3), consecutive case series (4) and randomized clinical trial (5, 6). However, the role of CSFs in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications is difficult to ascertain, because pertinent data are scanty and widely distributed over a number of heterogenous investigations. We report here a systematic review of relevant articles, with the aims to estimate the prevalence of thrombosis associated with the use of CSFs and to assess if this rate is significantly higher than that observed in cancer patients not receiving CSFs.

COVID-19 in patients suffering from Cancer: Review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499
Author(s):  
Shahid Ahmad Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Cancer Review ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Set Up

The episode of Covid19 (CORONA VIRUS) has become one of the greatest worldwide dangers around the world, which has now tainted over 1.7 million individuals with deaths of over 100,000 lives far & wide. Under these extraordinary conditions, there are no entrenched rules for cancer patients. The danger for genuine infection & passing in CORONA VIRUS cases increments with propelling age & existing co-morbid medical issue. After the rise of primary suspects in China during last month of 2019, enormous exploration endeavors have been in progress to comprehend the instruments of infectivity & contagiousness of coronavirus, a lethal infection liable for wretched endurance results. To limit the death rate, it gets judicious to distinguish indications quickly & utilize medicines suitably. Despite the fact that no fix has been set up, different clinical preliminaries are in progress to decide the most ideal system. Overseeing patients with cancer in these conditions is a fair task, considering their weak immune status & their ill health. Through this thorough audit, we talk about the effect of CORONA VIRUS on wellbeing & the immune system of who are infected, assessing the most recent care plan draws near & progressing clinical preliminaries. Also, we talk about difficulties confronted while treating cancer patients & propose possible ways to deal with these weak populace during pandemic.

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