scholarly journals Intervertebral disc homeostasis at normal conditions and during pathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
A E Kobyzev
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Capillary Zone ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Complex Structural

Intervertebral discs are rather complex structural units of the spine. It is believed that a disturbance of the factors of their homeostasis immediately leads to changes in the bone tissue of the vertebral bodies and, consequently, to pathological changes at the level of the vertebral-motor segment. It follows that the maintenance of normal metabolism within the discs is one of the key directions in the prevention of many clinically important lesions involving the entire vertebral complex. The causes of metabolic processes disorders in the intervertebral disc can be divided into several levels: chronic diseases that directly affect the blood supply to the spinal column as a whole; diseases that affect the permeability of the capillary zone of the subchondral zone of the vertebral bodies; disturbances in the delivery of nutrients into the disc through its matrix, which serves an important selective barrier. However, regardless of the level of the causes of metabolic disorders, all of which eventually lead to anatomical and functional changes in the intervertebral discs and to their subsequent incapacity to provide the daily life cycle of the vertebral complex, consisting of periods of stress and relaxation. Thus, based on the known literature data we can conclude that: the intervertebral discs to date, remain poorly understood elements, however even from a narrow range of studies on this subject it is evident that their functionality is largely dependent on the properties of the disc matrix and the interstitial nature of metabolic processes.

Functional Differentiation in the Spinal Column

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Klein ◽  
D W L Hukins
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Vertebral Centra ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

The structure of the spine suggests that functional specialisation occurs radially in both the vertebral centra and the intervertebral discs. Vertebrae are covered by a thin layer of cortical bone which is attached to the outer lamellae of the discs. These outer lamellae have a high collagen concentration. Thus the outer margins of both the discs and the vertebral centra are strengthened to withstand the tensile stresses generated by torsion and bending of the spine. Inner lamellae of the disc are attached to cartilage end-plates to form a closed system which can withstand the high pressure generated in the nucleus pulposus during compression of the spine. Compression also deforms the cancellous bone of the vertebrae; the inner regions of the discs and vertebral bodies thus appear to be coupled to form a continuous pressure-bearing column. Blood flow from the cancellous bone provides a possible mechanism for dissipating compressive energy. However under some circumstances compression may fracture the cancellous bone; in contrast the disc is more likely to be damaged by torsion and flexion.

Experimental Modal Analysis of Intervertebral Disc Joint Dynamics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maleskian ◽  
S. S. Park ◽  
C. J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Experimental Modal Analysis ◽  
Receptance Coupling ◽  
Joint Dynamics

The intervertebral discs provide mobility and a degree of shock absorbance to the spinal column. It has been shown that the mechanical properties of the intervertebral discs play an important role in their functionality [1, 2]. While static models of the intervertebral disc have significance, dynamic models characterize more accurately the in situ nature of the tissues. Some researchers [3] have studied dynamic disc loading from the perspective of biomedical performance and fatigue failure. Other studies have reported on the viscoelastic properties of discs under high frequency vibration [4]. However, the authors did not find any study which used experimental modal analysis (EMA) and the receptance coupling (RC) method to extract the dynamic characteristics, i.e. stiffness, damping, and natural frequencies, of the intervertebral discs.

Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

     Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies.  The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive.  Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions. 

EXPERIENCE OF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIAS WITH CARIFLEX GEL AND CREAM IN AMBULATORY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Zufar ADAMBAEV ◽  
◽  
Ibodulla KILICHEV ◽  
Tuygunoy XODJANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Complex Therapy

A complex therapy of patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine with herniated intervertebral discs with neurological manifestations was carried out with the addition of phonophoresis Kariflex gel followed by segmental massage with Kariflex cream. The comparative evaluation of the method was carried out in 89 patients. Comparative analysis revealed the reliable efficiency of the method used. Against the background of the proposed therapy, there was a significant decrease in pain and muscle-tonic syndromes, an increase in the range of motion in the spine

A deep learning system for automated, multi-modality 2D segmentation of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Bone ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 115972
Author(s):  
Abhinav Suri ◽  
Brandon C. Jones ◽  
Grace Ng ◽  
Nancy Anabaraonye ◽  
Patrick Beyrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

scholarly journals Minimally invasive debridement and drainage using intraoperative CT-Guide in multilevel spondylodiscitis: a long‐term follow‐up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbiao Xu ◽  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Rongqiang Bu ◽  
Yankang Liu ◽  
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intraoperative Ct ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Adjacent Segments

Abstract Background Spondylodiscitis is an unusual infectious disease, which usually originates as a pathogenic infection of intervertebral discs and then spreads to neighboring vertebral bodies. The objective of this study is to evaluate percutaneous debridement and drainage using intraoperative CT-Guide in multilevel spondylodiscitis. Methods From January 2002 to May 2017, 23 patients with multilevel spondylodiscitis were treated with minimally invasive debridement and drainage procedures in our department. The clinical manifestations, evolution, and minimally invasive debridement and drainage treatment of this refractory vertebral infection were investigated. Results Of the enrolled patients, the operation time ranged from 30 minutes to 124 minutes every level with an average of 48 minutes. Intraoperative hemorrhage was minimal. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 6.5 years with an average of 3.7 years. There was no reactivation of infection in the treated vertebral segment during follow-up, but two patients with fungal spinal infection continued to progress by affecting adjacent segments prior to final resolution. According to the classification system of Macnab, one patient had a good outcome at the final follow-up, and the rest were excellent. Conclusions Minimally invasive percutaneous debridement and irrigation using intraoperative CT-Guide is an effective minimally invasive method for the treatment of multilevel spondylodiscitis.

scholarly journals A Hyaluronan and Platelet-Rich Plasma Hydrogel for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery in the Intervertebral Disc: An Organ Culture Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Russo ◽  
Luca Ambrosio ◽  
Marianna Peroglio ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Sebastian Wangler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Normal Metabolism

The purpose of the present pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a carrier for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration using a disc organ culture model. HA was mixed with batroxobin (BTX) and PRP to form a hydrogel encapsulating 1 × 106 or 2 × 106 hMSCs. Bovine IVDs were nucleotomized and filled with hMSCs suspended in ~200 μL of the PRP/HA/BTX hydrogel. IVDs collected at day 0 and nucleotomized IVDs with no hMSCs and/or hydrogel alone were used as controls. hMSCs encapsulated in the hydrogel were also cultured in well plates to evaluate the effect of the IVD environment on hMSCs. After 1 week, tissue structure, scaffold integration, hMSC viability and gene expression of matrix and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell markers were assessed. Histological analysis showed a better preservation of the viability of the IVD tissue adjacent to the gel in the presence of hMSCs (~70%) compared to the hydrogel without hMSCs. Furthermore, disc morphology was maintained, and the hydrogel showed signs of integration with the surrounding tissues. At the gene expression level, the hydrogel loaded with hMSCs preserved the normal metabolism of the tissue. The IVD environment promoted hMSC differentiation towards a NP cell phenotype by increasing cytokeratin-19 (KRT19) gene expression. This study demonstrated that the hydrogel composed of HA/PRP/BTX represents a valid carrier for hMSCs being able to maintain a good cell viability while stimulating cell activity and NP marker expression.

scholarly journals In VivoSpinal Posture during Upright and Reclined Sitting in an Office Chair

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Zemp ◽  
William R. Taylor ◽  
Silvio Lorenzetti
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Dynamic Seating ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Office Chair

Increasing numbers of people spend the majority of their working lives seated in an office chair. Musculoskeletal disorders, in particular low back pain, resulting from prolonged static sitting are ubiquitous, but regularly changing sitting position throughout the day is thought to reduce back problems. Nearly all currently available office chairs offer the possibility to alter the backrest reclination angles, but the influence of changing seating positions on the spinal column remains unknown. In an attempt to better understand the potential to adjust or correct spine posture using adjustable seating, five healthy subjects were analysed in an upright and reclined sitting position conducted in an open, upright MRI scanner. The shape of the spine, as described using the vertebral bodies’ coordinates, wedge angles, and curvature angles, showed high inter-subject variability between the two seating positions. The mean lumbar, thoracic, and cervical curvature angles were29±15°,-29±4°, and13±8° for the upright and33±12°,-31±7°, and7±7° for the reclined sitting positions. Thus, a wide range of seating adaptation is possible through modification of chair posture, and dynamic seating options may therefore provide a key feature in reducing or even preventing back pain caused by prolonged static sitting.

scholarly journals Pyogenic and tuberculous discitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings for differential diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Gonzaga de Souza ◽  
Emerson Leandro Gasparetto ◽  
Edson Marchiori ◽  
Paulo Roberto Valle Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

Spondylodiscitis represents 2%–4% of all bone infections cases. The correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent complications such as vertebral collapse and spinal cord compression, avoiding surgical procedures. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical and radiographic findings and confirmed by blood culture and biopsy of the disc or the vertebra. The present study was developed with Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital patients with histopathologically and microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, submitted to magnetic resonance imaging of the affected regions. In most cases, pyogenic spondylodiscitis affects the lumbar spine. The following findings are suggestive of the diagnosis: segmental involvement; ill-defined abscesses; early intervertebral disc involvement; homogeneous vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs involvement. Tuberculous spondylodiscitis affects preferentially the thoracic spine. Most suggestive signs include: presence of well-defined and thin-walled abscess; multisegmental, subligamentous involvement; heterogeneous involvement of vertebral bodies; and relative sparing of intervertebral discs. The present pictorial essay is aimed at showing the main magnetic resonance imaging findings of pyogenic and tuberculous discitis.

Treatment of protruded lumbar intervertebral discs with chymopapain (Discase)

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Parkinson ◽  
Christopher Shields
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Thirty-three intervertebral disc patients who otherwise would have been subjected to surgery were treated by injection with chymopapain. The pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, immunology, and chemical action of this enzyme, which specifically reacts with chondromucoproteins, are discussed. Results indicate that this method, although still experimental and unapproved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, may become a useful addition to the surgeon's armamentarium in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease.

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