scholarly journals Reproductive features of Festuca rubra L. in different environmental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Galina Aleksandrovna Zueva ◽  
Irina Viktorovna Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Ecological Conditions

The paper presents comparative results of Festuca rubra L. seed productivity study in Siberia and Kazakhstan. The authors consider the influence of ecological conditions on the organo-educational process of the species. The authors reveal specific features of plants growth and development at different terms of seeding in different ecological conditions. In the first year of vegetation, plants in all variants undergo two phenological phases - shoots and tillering. Different planting dates make significant changes in the reproductive capacity of plants. In spring plants sowing apical meristem at the end of the growing season corresponds to the IV stage of organogenesis. The following year in spring, shoots of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th orders also become generative. An optimal method of Festuca rubra growing with maximum parameters of seed productivity was determined. It was found out that during spring sowing the maximum yield of seeds (up to 48 g/m) can be obtained for the 3rd year of life of the cereal. For the 4th year there is a slight decrease (45,4 g/m). With the early sowing date - the maximum yield (up to 51 g/m) was obtained only for the 4th year of plant life and a further decrease is observed. During autumn sowing, the first fructification of cereals occurs only in the 3rd year of life and is expressed in the maximum number of shoots and the yield of seeds (68 g/m). Further sharp decrease in such indicators as generative shoots and yields indicates the inexpediency of further preservation of the testes.

Vegetation of sandy outcrops in Pechora tundra

2008 ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Kuljugina
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Geographical Position

The paper deals with the syntaxonomy of vegetation on the sandy outcrops in the Pechora (Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya) tundra. The vegetation was classified using the Brown-Blanke approach. Communities were referred to 3 associations: Arctostaphylo alpini—Empetretum hermaphroditi (Zinserling 1935) Koroleva 1994, Elymo—Festucetum arenariae (Regel 1923) Nordhagen 1955 and Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae ass. nov. Five new variants were suggested within the first association and 2 subassociations and 4 variants within the last one. Syntaxon description and phytocoenological tables are presented. The vegetation on each sandy outcrops represents a complex of communities fragmentary located on the scars area. Subass. inops of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae is more common in the Ortina river basin and occurs at the bottom of blowing hollows. Syntaxa of ass. Elymo—Festucetum arenariae and var. Festuca rubra of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae are situated at the mobile sands in the central part, while var. Arctous alpina of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae occurs on a periphery of out­crops where substratum is stable. The variants inops and typicum of ass. Arctostaphylo alpini—Empetretum hermaphroditi occuring in the Sedujyakha river basin occur mostly in the centre of sandy outcrops, and the other ones can be met on their periphery. Ecological conditions determine poor diversity of syntaxa of the association level. Geographical position (the Sedujyakha river basin belongs to the northern hypoarctic tundras, the Ortina river basin — to the southern hypoarctic ones), geomorphology (in the first site — tops of hills and ridges, in the second one — watershed areas) and area of sandy outcrops (200—3000 m2 for the first and 61000—418000 m2 for the second site respectively) are the reasons for the less diverse communities found in each study site. A great number of variants is conditioned by succession stages of vegetation and instability of the substrates.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

Response of two sunflower hybrids to planting dates and densities

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Allam ◽  
G. R. El-Nagar ◽  
A. H. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Head Diameter

This investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University during the summers of 2000 and 2001 to study the responses of two sunflower hybrids (Vidoc and Euroflora) to planting dates (May 1st, June 1st and July 1st) and planting densities (55,533, 83,300 and 166,600 plants/ha). The results indicated that the two varieties differed highly significantly in all studied traits except oil yield/ha. The highest seed yield (3.64 t/ha) was obtained with the variety Vidoc. In addition, the results revealed that the planting date exerted a highly significant influence on all vegetative growth traits along with yield and its components. Increasing plant density increased the seed and oil yield/ha. By contrast, the stem diameter, head diameter, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant decreased with increasing plant density. The interaction between varieties and plant density had a highly significant effect on head diameter. The greatest head diameter (20.06 cm) was recorded for the variety Vidoc planted at lower density. Concerning the interaction between planting density and planting date, the highest seed yield (4.47 t/ha) was obtained from dense plants at the early sowing date, and the highest oil % (45.32) at the late planting date and the lowest plant density. The second order interaction exerted a highly significant influence on stem and head diameter in addition to seed yield/plant, where the highest value (78.13 g/plant) was obtained with the variety Vidoc planted on May 1st at the lowest plant density.

scholarly journals Dry matter yield of forage corn in the late milk stage of development depending on the planting dates in the steppe zone of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherkashyna ◽  
◽  
E.F. Sotchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Sowing Dates

Dry matter yield is an objective indicator of assessing the productivity of corn hybrids grown for silage and green fodder. The aim of the work was to identify optimal planting dates to obtain maximum yield of dry matter at the late milk stage of development for hybrids of corn depending on groups of maturity under rain-fed conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. The sowing dates of the field experiment were on April 5th, 15th, and 25th. We studied hybrids of corn of different groups of maturity. Soil – chernozems southern low-humus. Meteorological conditions in 2016 were characterized by increased moisture availability (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) 1.46). In 2017, severe drought was noted (HTC 0.34). Moisture availability was insufficient in 2018 and 2019 (HTC 0.79 and 0.78, respectively). In 2016-2019, the best planting date for hybrid ‘Nur’ was April 15th; the dry matter yield in the late milk stage was 6.69 t/ha. For the medium- early hybrid ‘Mashuk 220 MV’, the best sowing dates were April 15th and 25th; dry matter yield was 5.95 and 5.78 t/ha, respectively. Hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ demonstrated higher dry matter yield on April 5th and 15th (7.12 and 6.99 t/ha). However, the planting date of April 25th led to significant yield decreased (to 6.1 t/ha).

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Haricot Bean Foliage Beetle in Northeastern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Setu Bazie ◽  
Yohannes Ebabuye ◽  
Sang Woo Kim ◽  
Youn Su Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
The Cost

A field experiment was conducted to determine the integrated effect of planting dates, insecticides, and their interaction on the reduction of yield and yield related components of haricot bean caused by haricot bean foliage beetle damage at Sirinka Agriculture Research Center, Ethiopia. Planting dates were normal planting (NP) and late planting (10 days after normal planting) (LP), while insecticides comprised Apron star seed dressing (A) and without insecticide (WI). The combined analysis revealed that late planting combined with Apron star seed dressing (LPA) resulted in the highest yield (1223.7 Kg/ha). On the other hand, normal planting date without insecticide application (NPWI) gave the lowest yield (209.6 kg/ha) and the maximum yield loss (209.6%). The cost-benefit analysis showed that use of LPA gave by far better high net profit over control. Thus, LPA are recommended for haricot bean foliage beetle management in northeastern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Revisiting Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Development and Yield Loss

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2152-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Marburger ◽  
Damon L. Smith ◽  
Shawn P. Conley
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Impact

The impact of today’s optimal planting dates on sudden death syndrome (SDS) (caused by Fusarium virguliforme) development and soybean yield loss are not yet well understood. Field trials established in Hancock, Wisconsin during 2013 and 2014 investigated interactions between planting date and cultivar on SDS development and soybean yield. In 2013, disease index (DX) levels differed among cultivars, but results showed no difference between the 6 May and 24 May planting dates. Significantly lower DX levels were observed for the 17 June date. Greatest yields were found in the 6 May planting date, and yield losses were 720 (17%), 770 (20%), and 400 kg ha−1 (12%) for the 6 May, 24 May, 17 and June planting dates, respectively. In 2014, cultivars again differed for DX, but results showed highest DX levels in the 5 May planting date, with little disease observed in the 22 May and 11 June dates. Yield losses were 400 (12%) and 270 kg ha−1 (9%) for the 5 May and 22 May dates, respectively, but no difference was found in the 11 June date. Despite the most symptom development, these results suggest early May planting coupled with appropriate cultivar selection provides maximum yield potential and profitability in Wisconsin.

scholarly journals Influence of the level of mineral nutrition and complex agrotechnical techniques on seed productivity and quality of new potato varieties of different maturity groups in specific soil and climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
L. K. Сhehalkova ◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Early Ripening

Relevance. The aim was to study the reaction of new potato varieties early ripening group Zabava and middle-ripening group Smolyanochka on the timing of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers for obtaining maximum yield of seed potatoes. As mineral fertilizers used azophoska, superphosphate and potassium chloride.Results. It was found that the variety Zabava compared to the variety Smolyanochka, had a higher stem-forming ability and exceeded the parameters of the stem in all variants of the experiment. This is due to the biological characteristics of the studied varieties, since the Zabava variety, unlike the Smolyanochka variety, had more multiple eyes on the surface of the tuber. Against the background of applying mineral fertilizers N60P72K90, the density of the stem was higher, compared with the background of applying N32P32K32 in both the Zabava variety and the Smolyanochka variety. It should also be noted that there was a tendency to reduce the stem at a later date of planting in all variants of the experiment. The percentage of viral diseases affected increased with later planting dates and was highest with the planting dates of 14 and 20 may. The highest yield of tubers of the seed fraction was obtained in the variant with a planting date of may 14 against the background of balanced doses of mineral fertilizers (N60P72K90) and amounted to 13.3 t/ha in the Zabava variety, 13.0 t/ha in the Smolyanochka variety. It should be noted that different backgrounds of mineral fertilizers did not have a significant impact on the percentage of potato tubers affected by diseases. At the same time, the incidence of tubers with diseases did not exceed the regulatory requirements of GOST R 53136 – 2008 "Seed potatoes. Technical conditions».

Prediction of weather damage of mungbean seed in tropical Australia. II. Model application

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Yeates ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
S. W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Weather Damage

To demonstrate a model to simulate the risk of weather damage of mungbean, application studies were undertaken using 27 years of climatic data collected at Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. In terms of the risk of weather damage, the transition from high risk to low risk occurred after mid-February but before 20 March. High quality seed could be expected in 70% of seasons for a crop that matured after 20 March. For planting dates prior to 25 January, the chance of producing premium quality seed was enhanced to 40–70% of seasons by sowing a cultivar that matured 2 weeks later and by harvesting promptly (4 days after maturity). There was no benefit from later maturity or harvest promptness where sowing was made after 25 January, because maturity occurred after the wet season was complete. In contrast, yield was optimised at early January sowing dates. Calculating gross margins by combining yield and weather damage simulations identified an optimum sowing date between the optimum for yield and seed quality. It was shown that later maturity combined with photoperiod sensitivity increased the sowing window from 10 to 29 days compared with a short duration variety that was insensitive to photoperiod. The relative merits of modelling and field experimentation in assessing the cropping potential for mungbean in a new region are discussed. The need to be able to simulate the yield of the second flush of flowers was acknowledged as a future research requirement.

Effect of sowing date on the uptake and utilisation of phosphorus by wheat (cv. Osprey) grown in central New South Wales

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Batten ◽  
N. A. Fettell ◽  
J. A. Mead ◽  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
A Site

Experiments were sown at Cowra and Condobolin to determine the effect of sowing time (April–June) on the response to and utilisation of phosphorus by the wheat cultivar Osprey which requires vernalisation. Crops sown in April needed only 0–2 kg/ha of applied phosphorus to achieve 90% of the maximum yield for the site. This contrasts with crops sown at the traditional sowing time in May–June which needed from 11.5 kg P/ha, on a site with a moderate soil phosphorus status, to 36 kg P/ha, on a site with a very low soil phosphorus status, to produce 90% of the site maximum yield. Crops sown in April had higher yields and even without applied phosphorus accumulated more phosphorus (kg/ha) than crops sown in June with 40 kg P/ha. Crops sown in April had a lower dry matter harvest index, a lower phosphorus harvest index, produced less grain per kilogram of phosphorus in the shoots at maturity, and had a higher grain phosphorus concentration than crops sown in June. Grain protein was not affected by sowing date or the amount of phosphorus applied at sowing. At 90% of maximum dry matter yield shoots had 0.14–0.20% phosphorus at growth stage 30. The critical concentration of phosphorus in grain at 90% maximum grain yield increased with yield from 0.19 to 0.25% phosphorus. Farmers who sow wheat in April can achieve optimum yields with lower inputs of fertiliser phosphorus. However, this benefit will be offset by a lower phosphorus-use efficiency and more rapid depletion of phosphorus reserves from the soil.

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