scholarly journals Neolithic complexes of the Koksharovsky hill: genesis, stages of development and cultural continuity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedorovich Shorin ◽  
Anastasia Alexandrovna Shorina
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Third

The paper is devoted to the problems of evolution and cultural continuity of the Neolithic complexes of archaeological site Koksharov Hill - Yurynskoye settlement. The basis for solving these problems is the presence of all types of Neolithic ceramics from the Trans-Ural region in the cultural strata of this complex: Koshkinskaya, Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya (Kozlovskaya), Poludenskaya, Basyanovskaya (Boborykinskaya). Each of them has a reliable time reference, based on both stratigraphic observations and a solid base of radiocarbon dates including 54 received dates. The beginning of the Neolithic epoch on the monument is connected with the formation of the complexes of the Koshkinskaya archaeological culture no later than the third - the last quarter of the 7th millennium BC. At the same time, not later than the very beginning of the 6th millennium BC, complexes of the Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya archaeological culture appeared. The indented strokes technique of ornamentation dominates in the design of ceramic ware of these cultures. But in the ornamentation of the vessels of the Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya culture there are more features that go back to the local Mesolithic basis. A distinctive feature of both cultures is the presence of vessels with relief to stick. The population of these cultures existed, often in the framework of exogamous groups, during the early stage of the Neolithic region, before the 6th-5th, and even the first quarter of the 5th millennium BC, when they were re-registered in the Late Neolithic Poludenskaya and Basyanovkaya. Radiocarbon dates obtained from fragments of ceramics of the Ayatskaya culture, which fit into the interval of the third - last quarter of the 5th millennium BC, mark the beginning of the Eneolithic epoch on the monument.

scholarly journals PRODUCTS OF AMBER ITEMS FROM THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE PRIMORSKYA CULTURE EASTERN GROUP

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.Б. Зальцман
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Object A ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

В ходе исследований поселений приморской культуры шнуровой керамики Прибрежное, Ушаково-1 и Ушаково-3 (Калининградская область) обнаружены украшения из янтаря. Янтарные изделия выявлены в постройках, а также ямах, предположительно интерпретируемых как погребения. Постройки в Прибрежном, в которых обнаружены янтарные украшения, датируются радиоуглеродным методом в интервале 3100–2700 гг. до н. э. (рис. 1). Выделяется объект А из постройки 9, где зафиксировано ожерелье, включающее подвески уплощенной формы, пуговицы линзовидного сечения и диски (рис. 2). В объекте № 60 обнаружено ожерелье, в состав которого входили три кольца и пуговица линзовидного сечения (рис. 3). В объекте № 46 выявлены два фрагмента керамики, включая амфору и обломок янтарной пронизи (рис. 3). В Прибрежном нет никаких свидетельств существования мастерских по изготовлению янтарных изделий. У населения восточной группы приморской культуры выработался особый подход к изготовлению предметов из янтаря. Они производились на сезонных стоянках, в районах сбора янтаря-сырца, после чего готовые изделия или полуфабрикаты переправлялись в крупные поселенческие центры, включая Прибрежное, Ниду, Сухач и др. Предположительно, начало обработки янтаря следует связывать с наиболее ранним этапом существования приморской культуры, который приходится на конец IV – перв. пол. III тыс. до н. э. The excavations of Primorskaya culture settlements Pribrezhnoye, Ushakovo-1 and Ushakovo-3 (Kaliningrad region) have yielded products of amber. Amber items were retrieved from constructions as well as pits, presumably interpreted as burials. Radiocarbon dates from the constructions with amber items in Pribrezhnoye fall within 3100 – 2700 BC (fig. 1). Object A from dwelling 9 is notable for a necklace consisting of flattened pendants, lentoid buttons and discs (fig. 2). Another amber necklace from Object № 60 included 3 rings and lens-shaped button (fig. 3). Two fragments of ceramic and a piece of cylindrical-shaped amber bead were found in Object № 46. All products of amber found in Pribrezhnoye entirely correspond to amber repertoire from the settlements of the late IV – first half of the III mill. BC. Close analogies are revealed also at the settlements Šventoji 6 and 2/4А. The similarity is not limited to amber jewelry. Ceramic ware and stone axes are also similar in their ornaments and shapes. Amber waste products and raw materials have not been found at Pribrezhnoye. There are no traces of amber workshop at the site, which evidences that products of amber were not manufactured at the settlement. The same concerns other large settlements of Primorskaya culture. It means that population of the E astern group of Primorskaya culture worked out a distinctive approach to making items of amber. These were made at seasonal shortterm sites in the areas where raw amber was collected and then half-finished and finished products of amber were transported to large centers including Pribrezhnoye, Nida, Sukhach, etc. Most likely, the initial period of amber working was related to the early stage of the Primorskaya culture which dates back to the end of IV – first half of III mill. BC

scholarly journals Evidence for the impact of the 8.2-kyBP climate event on Near Eastern early farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (35) ◽  
pp. 8705-8709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Roffet-Salque ◽  
Arkadiusz Marciniak ◽  
Paul J. Valdes ◽  
Kamilla Pawłowska ◽  
Joanna Pyzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Climatic Event ◽  
Early Farmers ◽  
The Impact

The 8.2-thousand years B.P. event is evident in multiple proxy records across the globe, showing generally dry and cold conditions for ca. 160 years. Environmental changes around the event are mainly detected using geochemical or palynological analyses of ice cores, lacustrine, marine, and other sediments often distant from human settlements. The Late Neolithic excavated area of the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük East [Team Poznań (TP) area] was occupied for four centuries in the ninth and eighth millennia B.P., thus encompassing the 8.2-thousand years B.P. climatic event. A Bayesian analysis of 56 radiocarbon dates yielded a high-resolution chronological model comprising six building phases, with dates ranging from before 8325–8205 to 7925–7815 calibrated years (cal) B.P. Here, we correlate an onsite paleoclimate record constructed from δ2H values of lipid biomarkers preserved in pottery vessels recovered from these buildings with changes in architectural, archaeozoological, and consumption records from well-documented archaeological contexts. The overall sequence shows major changes in husbandry and consumption practices at ca. 8.2 thousand years B.P., synchronous with variations in the δ2H values of the animal fat residues. Changes in paleoclimate and archaeological records seem connected with the patterns of atmospheric precipitation during the occupation of the TP area predicted by climate modeling. Our multiproxy approach uses records derived directly from documented archaeological contexts. Through this, we provide compelling evidence for the specific impacts of the 8.2-thousand years B.P. climatic event on the economic and domestic activities of pioneer Neolithic farmers, influencing decisions relating to settlement planning and food procurement strategies.

Another Way of Early Pottery Distribution in Eastern Europe? Case Study of the Pezmog 4 Site, European Far Northeast

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor N Karmanov ◽  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Alexander V Volokitin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Early Pottery

A case study of the Neolithic comb ceramic site Pezmog 4 of the Kama culture presents a situation when results of radiocarbon dating change long-existing concepts concerning the development of archaeological events. Until the early 2000s, the chronology of the Kama culture, distributed mainly in the Kama and Vychegda River basins, has been based on comparative-typological analysis. Estimates of the age of this culture changed from the 3rd millennium BC in the 1950s to the 1st half of the 4th millennium BC by the 1990s. Research concerning the Pezmog 4 site in the central Vychegda River basin in 1999–2002 has abruptly changed this chronological understanding. The data obtained put the age of the early stage of Kama culture within the time range 5750–5620 cal BC and allowed us to propose the existence of another way of early pottery distribution in the forest zone of eastern Europe at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. This innovation probably penetrated from the trans-Ural region.

Reconstructing the Chronology of the House XVII-XVIII Complex at Umm el-Jimal, East Jordan: Radiocarbon Dates of Organic Inclusions of Architectural Mortars

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Al-Bashaireh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Byzantine Period

This article presents accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates of organic inclusions of cement materials from the House XVII-XVIII Complex located in the Umm el-Jimal archaeological site, east Jordan, aiming at refining the unclear chronology of the house. Fine straws and small fragments of charcoal uncovered from preserved architectural lime mortars and plasters were dated without carrying out extensive excavations. The results indicate that the house most probably was initially plastered or built during the middle of the Byzantine period. The results agree with the historical and archaeological data indicating that Umm el-Jimal flourished during this period; therefore, it is probable that the house was established during this time to meet the housing demand for the increased number of its population.

FACES OF V.M. SHUKSHIN: MARTIN IDEN, HAMLET, STEPAN RAZIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Т.А. Богумил
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Early Departure ◽  
First Time

В статье предлагается концепция жизни и творческого роста В.М. Шукшина сквозь призму тезаурусного и кластерного подходов. Объяснительными «персональными моделями» для интерпретации биографического текста писателя являются кластеры Мартина Идена, Гамлета и Степана Разина. Ранее биографы и литературоведы указывали на важность этих персон для Шукшина, но разрозненно. Впервые предпринята попытка свести указанные персональные модели воедино, в целостный сюжет становления писателя в пространстве культуры. На разных этапах эволюции автора доминирует одна из указанных моделей, последовательно сменяя друг друга, но не вытесняя, а «внахлест». Ранний этап творчества, ориентированный на стратегию Мартина Идена, является попыткой «вписаться» в наличный культурный мейнстрим. Выражено это в следовании поэтике соцреализма. Второй этап подспудно начинается с реабилитации отца Шукшина в 1956 года, когда актуализируется «гамлетовский комплекс», проявляющийся в чувстве вины перед отцом, через стратегию утаивания подлинного «я», мотивы чудаковатости. Третий этап связан с личностью реального исторического лица, Степана Разина, и выражается в открытом протесте против власти. Все важные для В.М. Шукшина поведенческие модели объединены мотивом одинокого противостояния враждебному социуму и имеют трагический финал, что обусловило ранний уход писателя и порождение мифов о насильственном характере его смерти. В.М. Шукшин одновременно был фигурой неординарной и типичной, что позволило его биографии стать «персональной моделью» для последующих авторов, выходцев из сельской глубинки. The article proposes the concept of life and creative growth of V.M. Shukshin through the prism of the thesaurus and cluster approach. The explanatory "personal models" for interpreting the biographical text of the writer are clusters of Martin Eden, Hamlet and Stepan Razin. Earlier, biographers and literary critics pointed out the importance of these people for Shukshin, but it was scattered. For the first time, an attempt was made to bring these personal models together into an integral plot of the formation of the writer in the space of culture. At different stages of the writer’s evolution, one of these models dominates, successively replacing each other, but not crowding out, but “overlapping”. The early stage of creativity, focused on Martin Eden’s strategy, is an attempt to “fit in” the current cultural mainstream. This is expressed in following the poetics of socialist realism. The second stage implicitly begins with the rehabilitation of Shukshin’s father in 1956, when the “Hamletian complex” is actualized. It is manifested in a sense of guilt towards his father, the strategy of concealing the true “I”, eccentricities. The third stage is connected with the personality of a real historical person, Stepan Razin, and is expressed in an open protest against the authorities. All important for V.M. Shukshin's behavioral models are united by the motive of a lonely confrontation with a hostile society and have a tragic ending, which led to the early departure of the writer and the generation of myths about the violent nature of his death. V.M. Shukshin was an extraordinary and typical figure at the same time. That allowed his biography to become a “personal model” for subsequent authors who came from the rural outback.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Chronology of Late Neolithic Settlements in the Tisza-Maros Region, Hungary

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ede Hertelendi ◽  
Ferenc Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
European Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Developmental Phases

We investigated chronological questions of five Late Neolithic settlements in the Hungarian Tisza-Maros region. Fifty new radiocarbon dates provide an internal chronology for the developmental phases of the tell settlements, and place them into the wider framework of the southeastern European Neolithic. An example is presented of how a unique type of stratigraphic excavation helps the interpretation of radiocarbon data, which are in contradiction with the stratigraphic position of the samples.

scholarly journals The Culture of the Sakas of Semirechye: Contemporary State and Current Issues of Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Ernar A. Estemesov
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Third ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Second Category

Purpose. The article describes the history and analysis of the main issues in the study of archaeological sites of the Saka period in Semirechye. They are presented by three main types on this territory: burial and memorial complexes, settlements and hoards. The first type of monuments includes numerous burial mounds, where the elite burials of “royal” type and ordinary burials are located. Both social groups are combined by the unity of funeral rites, and the main differences are the complexity of architecture, memorial practices, and richness of burial equipment in the “royal” type burial mounds. The second category of monuments is presented by the settlements that are mostly small in size. The constructions like half dugouts were discovered on them, which gave a rich ceramic material. The third type of monuments of the Saka period in Semirechye includes numerous hoards of bronze items. Some of them are represented by the cult objects (sacrificial tables, lamps and cauldrons) that mark the places of worship. A significant percentage of the hoards contain items of weapons, horse equipment and household purposes and, apparently, serve as offerings to the spirits. However, despite the considerable progress in the study of the Saka monuments of the Semirechye Region, the main problem is their cultural attribution at this time. Some researchers suggest that the independent Saka archaeological culture was formed and developed on the territory of Semirechye in the Early Iron Age, while others believe that the Saka monuments of this region belong to the broader historical and cultural community that also covers the neighboring regions of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. Results Another important issue in the study of the Saka sites of Semirechye is to clarify the chronology of burial and memorial complexes. Up to now, the significant database of radiocarbon dates has been accumulated, which allows us to consider the chronological positions of a wide range of monuments in a new way. It was of great importance to obtain such dates from several burials of Karatuma necropolis, which showed that it belonged to the Saka period, since burial monuments of this appearance are traditionally dated back to the Wusun period. Conclusion. The necessity of solution of these problems is an urgent task for further research of burial and settlement objects of the Saka period in this region.

New optical and radiocarbon dates from Ngarrabullgan Cave, a Pleistocene archaeological site in Australia: implications for the comparability of time clocks and for the human colonization of Australia

Antiquity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (271) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno David ◽  
Richard Roberts ◽  
Claudio Tuniz ◽  
Rhys Jones ◽  
John Head
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Human Colonization

The human settlement of Australia falls into that period where dating is hard because it is near or beyond the reliable limit of radiocarbon study; instead a range of luminescence methods are being turned to (such as thermoluminescence at Jinmium: December 1996 ANTIQUITY). Ngarrabullgan Cave, a rock-shelter in Queensland, now offers a good suite of radiocarbon determinations which match well a pair of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates — encouraging sign that OSL determinations can be relied on.

Urinary nitrogen excretion at the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
O. G. Sivkov ◽  
◽  
A. O. Sivkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
The Ideal

Aim. To study urinary nitrogen excretion at the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods. Prospective, single-center, cohort study. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and presence of at least one of the predictors of severe course. Among all patients (n = 72), a cohort of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (n = 32) was allocated. Three groups were formed in it: the first one – all patients, the second one – survivors (n = 24), the third one – deceased (n = 8). Urinary nitrogen excretion was determined using the Deacon formula. Measurements were performed on the first, third and fifth days of the disease. Statistical processing of the material was carried out by the SPSS software package. The null hypothesis was rejected at p < 0.05. Results. In the first week of the disease in all groups, the maximum urinary nitrogen excretion occurs on the 3rd day. When comparing the results of the second and third groups, it was found that the urinary nitrogen excretion on the first and fifth days did not have a statistically significant difference between the groups (respectively, p = 0.138, p = 0.572), and the results of the third day have (p = 0.014). A similar pattern remains when recalculating the nitrogen loss in the urine to the ideal weight; for the third day, the differences between the second and third groups were statistically significant (p = 0.007). ROC analysis of urinary nitrogen excretion of the third day calculated to the ideal body weight showed an area under the curve of 0.813 (p < 0.009). The value at the cut-off point is defined as 0.65 g/kg/day. The sensitivity of the model was 0.75%, specificity – 0.83%. Conclusion. If in a patient with acute pancreatitis, there is urinary nitrogen excretion on the third day from the onset of the disease, calculated to an ideal body weight of ≥ 0.65 g/kg/day, an unfavorable outcome of the disease is predicted.

scholarly journals Freiberg Radiocarbon Measurements I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Burkhardt ◽  
Hajo Stechemesser ◽  
Dietrich Mania
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Age Determinations

This list reports the first age determinations carried out by the Freiberg Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. The preparation of samples and radiocarbon dates were done by the first two authors, who constructed the apparatus; sample descriptions and interpretations of dates were made by the third author.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document