scholarly journals Evidence for the impact of the 8.2-kyBP climate event on Near Eastern early farmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (35) ◽  
pp. 8705-8709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Roffet-Salque ◽  
Arkadiusz Marciniak ◽  
Paul J. Valdes ◽  
Kamilla Pawłowska ◽  
Joanna Pyzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Climatic Event ◽  
Early Farmers ◽  
The Impact

The 8.2-thousand years B.P. event is evident in multiple proxy records across the globe, showing generally dry and cold conditions for ca. 160 years. Environmental changes around the event are mainly detected using geochemical or palynological analyses of ice cores, lacustrine, marine, and other sediments often distant from human settlements. The Late Neolithic excavated area of the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük East [Team Poznań (TP) area] was occupied for four centuries in the ninth and eighth millennia B.P., thus encompassing the 8.2-thousand years B.P. climatic event. A Bayesian analysis of 56 radiocarbon dates yielded a high-resolution chronological model comprising six building phases, with dates ranging from before 8325–8205 to 7925–7815 calibrated years (cal) B.P. Here, we correlate an onsite paleoclimate record constructed from δ2H values of lipid biomarkers preserved in pottery vessels recovered from these buildings with changes in architectural, archaeozoological, and consumption records from well-documented archaeological contexts. The overall sequence shows major changes in husbandry and consumption practices at ca. 8.2 thousand years B.P., synchronous with variations in the δ2H values of the animal fat residues. Changes in paleoclimate and archaeological records seem connected with the patterns of atmospheric precipitation during the occupation of the TP area predicted by climate modeling. Our multiproxy approach uses records derived directly from documented archaeological contexts. Through this, we provide compelling evidence for the specific impacts of the 8.2-thousand years B.P. climatic event on the economic and domestic activities of pioneer Neolithic farmers, influencing decisions relating to settlement planning and food procurement strategies.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of land use and demography in Greece: A comparative study

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Weiberg ◽  
Andrew Bevan ◽  
Katerina Kouli ◽  
Markos Katsianis ◽  
Jessie Woodbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Impact

This paper offers a comparative study of land use and demographic development in northern and southern Greece from the Neolithic to the Byzantine period. Results from summed probability densities (SPD) of archaeological radiocarbon dates and settlement numbers derived from archaeological site surveys are combined with results from cluster-based analysis of published pollen core assemblages to offer an integrated view of human pressure on the Greek landscape through time. We demonstrate that SPDs offer a useful approach to outline differences between regions and a useful complement to archaeological site surveys, evaluated here especially for the onset of the Neolithic and for the Final Neolithic (FN)/Early Bronze Age (EBA) transition. Pollen analysis highlight differences in vegetation between the two sub-regions, but also several parallel changes. The comparison of land cover dynamics between two sub-regions of Greece further demonstrates the significance of the bioclimatic conditions of core locations and that apparent oppositions between regions may in fact be two sides of the same coin in terms of socio-ecological trajectories. We also assess the balance between anthropogenic and climate-related impacts on vegetation and suggest that climatic variability was as an important factor for vegetation regrowth. Finally, our evidence suggests that the impact of humans on land cover is amplified from the Late Bronze Age (LBA) onwards as more extensive herding and agricultural practices are introduced.

scholarly journals Neolithic complexes of the Koksharovsky hill: genesis, stages of development and cultural continuity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedorovich Shorin ◽  
Anastasia Alexandrovna Shorina
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Third

The paper is devoted to the problems of evolution and cultural continuity of the Neolithic complexes of archaeological site Koksharov Hill - Yurynskoye settlement. The basis for solving these problems is the presence of all types of Neolithic ceramics from the Trans-Ural region in the cultural strata of this complex: Koshkinskaya, Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya (Kozlovskaya), Poludenskaya, Basyanovskaya (Boborykinskaya). Each of them has a reliable time reference, based on both stratigraphic observations and a solid base of radiocarbon dates including 54 received dates. The beginning of the Neolithic epoch on the monument is connected with the formation of the complexes of the Koshkinskaya archaeological culture no later than the third - the last quarter of the 7th millennium BC. At the same time, not later than the very beginning of the 6th millennium BC, complexes of the Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya archaeological culture appeared. The indented strokes technique of ornamentation dominates in the design of ceramic ware of these cultures. But in the ornamentation of the vessels of the Koksharovsko-Yuryinskaya culture there are more features that go back to the local Mesolithic basis. A distinctive feature of both cultures is the presence of vessels with relief to stick. The population of these cultures existed, often in the framework of exogamous groups, during the early stage of the Neolithic region, before the 6th-5th, and even the first quarter of the 5th millennium BC, when they were re-registered in the Late Neolithic Poludenskaya and Basyanovkaya. Radiocarbon dates obtained from fragments of ceramics of the Ayatskaya culture, which fit into the interval of the third - last quarter of the 5th millennium BC, mark the beginning of the Eneolithic epoch on the monument.

scholarly journals New 14C evidence for the Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age transition in Southeast Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Maniatis ◽  
Zoï Tsirtsoni ◽  
Christine Oberlin ◽  
Pascal Darcque ◽  
Chaido Koukouli-Chryssanthaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Human History ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Neighbouring Island

The transition from the Late Neolithic (LN) period (locally also called Final Neolithic or Chalcolithic) to the Early Bronze Age (EBA) in Greece and the Southeast Balkans is an obscure period in human history. Previous radiocarbon evidence showed that in settlements with stratigraphical sequences stretching out on both periods, the absolute dates featured a gap ranging from 700 to 1000 years (roughly between 4000 and 3300/3000 cal. BC). On the other hand, there is only scarce evidence about settlements that would have been founded during the missing period, thus arising questions of paramount importance about the human occupational strategies in this period. Investigation tackling this particular problem is carried out within the framework of a broader research project (Balkans-4000) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR). Here we discuss the latest radiocarbon results from three recently excavated multilayer settlements on the continental Greek Eastern Macedonia: Dikili Tash, Kryoneri and Sidirokastro. In all cases, the existing LN radiocarbon dates do not go beyond about 4000 BC, whereas the earliest EBA layer dates begin at around 3300 BC. A date in the last 1/3rd of the 4th millennium BC is also the date suggested for the one-layer transitional settlement on the neighbouring island of Thasos (Aghios Ioannis). The fact that the gap affects settlements of different types and locations, although there are no signs of major environmental changes, suggests that the reasons of their possible total or partial abandonment are more likely to be social than strictly environmental.

scholarly journals From section to landscape(s) : reconstructions of environmental and landscape changes since the 7th millennium BCE around the site of Wakarida (Ethiopia) using chronostratigraphy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninon Blond ◽  
Nicolas Jacob-Rousseau ◽  
Yann Callot
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Agricultural Terraces ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
The Impact

Geoscience is a very useful tool for approaching the relationships between societies and their environment. However, it is not always possible to apply very advanced techniques or to perform a large number of analyses. This paper aims to show that chronostratigraphic studies can provide satisfying answers to the main geoarchaeological questions, “only” using sedimentological, stratigraphic and chronological analyses. The objective here is to move from the study of stratigraphic sections, uncovered in valley bottoms filled by sedimentary deposits, to the reconstruction of landscape and environmental changes, in connection with the archaeological site of Wakarida (northern Tigray, Ethiopia). The actual landscape around Wakarida is made of steeply sloping valleys, filled with accumulations of sediments several meters thick. These deposits are cultivated by the inhabitants thanks to the building of agricultural terraces. Archaeological excavations have uncovered an urban settlement in Wakarida, dating between the classical Aksumite (150-400/450 CE) and the post-Aksumite periods (800/850 CE), and more ancient (pre- and proto-Aksumite periods) structures in the area under survey. Such structures raise the question of the interactions of the populations with their environment through time. More precisely, they question their role in the deposition of the sediments. To tackle these questions, a method based on a combination of field work, sedimentological analyses and dating has been employed. Such a chronostratigraphic study made it possible to identify several phases in the establishment of the current landscapes around the Wakarida site. During Early Holocene, valleys were gradually filled by alluvial and/or colluvial processes of low energy. During Middle Holocene, ablation processes alternated with deposition, showing the effects of climatic and possible anthropogenic processes. From the 1st millennium BCE onwards, the impact of population on their environment is visible, but especially around the 14th – 17th centuries. An important part of these conclusions is based on the attention given to chronological inversions and the fact that these dates, "false" at first glance, reveal ablation and deposition phases within sedimentary cascades. It therefore seems important, from a methodological point of view, not to reject these dates a priori, but to consider them by giving them their full place in the chronostratigraphic reflection.

Deglaciation, basin formation and post-glacial climate change from a regional network of sediment core sites in Ohio and eastern Indiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Glover ◽  
Thomas V. Lowell ◽  
Gregory C. Wiles ◽  
Donald Pair ◽  
Patrick Applegate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Basin Formation

AbstractMany paleoclimate and landscape change studies in the American Midwest have focused on the Late Glacial and early Holocene time periods (~ 16–11 ka), but little work has addressed landscape change in this area between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Late Glacial (~ 22–16 ka). Sediment cores were collected from 29 new lake and bog sites in Ohio and Indiana to address this gap. The basal radiocarbon dates from these cores show that initial ice retreat from the maximal last-glacial ice extent occurred by 22 ka, and numerous sites that are ~ 100 km inside this limit were exposed by 18.9 ka. Post-glacial environmental changes were identified as stratigraphic or biologic changes in select cores. The strongest signal occurs between 18.5 and 14.6 ka. These Midwestern events correspond with evidence to the northeast, suggesting that initial deglaciation of the ice sheet, and ensuing environmental changes, were episodic and rapid. Significantly, these changes predate the onset of the Bølling postglacial warming (14.8 ka) as recorded by the Greenland ice cores. Thus, deglaciation and landscape change around the southern margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet happened ~ 7 ka before postglacial changes were felt in central Greenland.

Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John A Atkinson ◽  
Camilla Dickson ◽  
Jane Downes ◽  
Paul Robins ◽  
David Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Short Account ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Bronze Age

Summary Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.

Designing a CRM Framework for online & offline sports footwear retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cueva ◽  
Guillem Rufian ◽  
Maria Gabriela Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The use of Customer Relationship Managers to foster customers loyalty has become one of the most common business strategies in the past years.  However, CRM solutions do not fill the abundance of happily ever-after relationships that business needs, and each client’s perception is different in the buying process.  Therefore, the experience must be precise, in order to extend the loyalty period of a customer as much as possible. One of the economic sectors in which CRM’s have improved this experience is retailing, where the personalized attention to the customer is a key factor.  However, brick and mortar experiences are not enough to be aware in how environmental changes could affect the industry trends in the long term.  A base unified theoretical framework must be taken into consideration, in order to develop an adaptable model for constructing or implementing CRMs into companies. Thanks to this approximation, the information is complemented, and the outcome will increment the quality in any Marketing/Sales initiative. The goal of this article is to explore the different factors grouped by three main domains within the impact of service quality, from a consumer’s perspective, in both on-line and off-line retailing sector.  Secondly, we plan to go a step further and extract base guidelines about previous analysis for designing CRM’s solutions focused on the loyalty of the customers for a specific retailing sector and its product: Sports Running Shoes.

Paleoenvironmental analysis of wet meadow in the Deseado Massif: Implications for the Holocene occupation of Argentinian Patagonia

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110259
Author(s):  
Bruno Mosquera ◽  
María V Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Sedimentation Environment ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Analysis ◽  
Deseado Massif

Paleoenvironmental data from wet-meadow environments in the arid-semiarid region of Patagonia are still incipient and the paleoenvironmental records came from pollen sequences of caves and rockshelters. The main reasons to study wetland records are their undisturbed (by humans) sedimentologic continuity, in contrast to deposits in rock shelters and caves; and their regional presentation of environmental changes that can be compared to archeological data. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the past hydrological dynamic of a wet-meadow from Deseado Massif and its relationship with the human occupation. For this purpose, we present the results of the sediment and pollen analysis of Mallín La Primavera wet-meadow that provide a sequence starting in the mid-Holocene. The results indicate a lower water table in the mallín prior to 6900 cal yr BP. Sediment analysis indicates low energy sedimentation environment with flood events and very low energy streams. Human occupational data show chronological discontinuities in mid-Holocene in several regions of Patagonia and the southern cone. In the studied region, two chronological hiatuses (7828–6434 cal yr BP and 3005–2710 cal yr BP) where recognized that appear to correlate with shrub steppes, indicating dry conditions. These conditions may explain the lack of archeological radiocarbon dates in the area during this period. The integration of sediment and pollen results from the Deseado Massif indicates dry and windy conditions for the middle Holocene. The lack of archeological radiocarbon dates would have been influenced by the loss of moisture in water sources such as springs and their associated wet meadows ( mallines).

scholarly journals Quit Experiences among Primary Care Patients Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Pilot RCT Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Joyce ◽  
Grace M. Styklunas ◽  
Nancy A. Rigotti ◽  
Jordan M. Neil ◽  
Elyse R. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US adults’ smoking and quitting behaviors is unclear. We explored the impact of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors, risk perceptions, and reactions to text messages during a statewide stay-at-home advisory among primary care patients who were trying to quit. From May–June 2020, we interviewed smokers enrolled in a 12-week, pilot cessation trial providing text messaging and mailed nicotine replacement medication (NCT04020718). Twenty-two individuals (82% white, mean age 55 years), representing 88% of trial participants during the stay-at-home advisory, completed exit interviews; four (18%) of them reported abstinence. Interviews were thematically analyzed by two coders. COVID-19-induced environmental changes had mixed effects, facilitating quitting for some and impeding quitting for others. While stress increased for many, those who quit found ways to cope with stress. Generally, participants felt at risk for COVID-19 complications but not at increased risk of becoming infected. Reactions to COVID-19 and quitting behaviors differed across age groups, older participants reported difficulties coping with isolation (e.g., feeling disappointed when a text message came from the study and not a live person). Findings suggest that cessation interventions addressing stress and boredom are needed during COVID-19, while smokers experiencing isolation may benefit from live-person supports.

scholarly journals The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1423
Author(s):  
Dariusz Strzyżowski ◽  
Elżbieta Gorczyca ◽  
Kazimierz Krzemień ◽  
Mirosław Żelazny
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Fluvial Processes ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStrong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second- to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km2 to 0.8 km2. Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small (total area <100 m2) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar (t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

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