scholarly journals Contemporary Hero in the Wartime Chronotope

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Aleksey B Muradov ◽  
Ksenia A Shergova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Film Production ◽  
James Bond ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

The focal point of the analysis are Tatiana Lioznovas TV-series 17 Moments of Spring. This notable Great Patriotic War movie presents a protagonist that partakes spring 1945 events not as a historical, distanced personality but as a contemporary of the time of the release. This statement is supported with three-layered analysis of the character presentation. The initial layer of analysis implies that Stierlitz character (a Soviet spy, acting deep undercover within the highest ranks of Nazi Germany) develops an idealized presentation of an intelligence officer as in earlier Soviet films. The character does not provide a viewer with the option of self-identification, becoming an archetype - this conversion allocates the story to an epic space, not a historical context. Considering Stierlitz character as a super-spy, a loner implies a second layer of interpretation: a contest-comparison with the most known espionage character of the 20th century, James Bond. Meanwhile the creator shape Stierlitz rather pretentious anti-Bond, they use numerous specific tools to accentuate the difference. Among those we point a time theme that plays an important part in storytelling and general film design (time is present in the series title, it repeatedly returns in soundtrack, and notoriously present in the characters persistent slowness). A few other details involve a third layer of the characters interpretation: Stierlitz embodies contemporary image of a 1960-1970s Soviet technical intelligentsia - in terms of the release a hero of our time. Multilayered interpretation of the Stierlitz character provides 17 Moments of Spring a very specific place in the history of Soviet television and film production. Tatiana Lioznova used a number of creative methods that allowed her to bridge 1945 events with her contemporaries and to significantly contribute into the Soviet archetypal construction.

Historian of the Russian State Library. In Memory of L.M. Koval (1933—2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Margarita Y. Dvorkina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Library History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
October 17 ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the memory of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Koval (October 17, 1933 – February 15, 2020), historian, Head of the History sector of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Museum of Library history. The author presents brief biographical information about L.M. Koval, the author of more than 350 scientific and popular scientific works in Russian and in 9 foreign languages. She published 29 books in Publishing houses “Nauka”, “Kniga”, “Letniy Sad”, ”Pashkov Dom”, most of the works are dedicated to the Library. Special place in the work of L.M. Koval is given to the Great Patriotic War theme. The article considers the works devoted to the activities of Library staff during the War period. L.M. Koval paid much attention to the study of activities of the Library’s Directors. She prepared books and articles about the Directors of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and Library from the end of the 19th century and almost to the end of the 20th century: N.V. Isakov, D.S. Levshin, V.A. Dashkov, M.A. Venevitinov, I.V. Tsvetaev, V.D. Golitsyn, A.K. Vinogradov, V.I. Nevsky, N.M. Sikorsky. The author notes contribution of L.M. Koval to the study of the Library’s history. Specialists in the history of librarianship widely use bibliography of L.M. Koval in their research. The list of sources contains the main works of L.M. Koval, and the Appendix includes reviews of publications by L.M. Koval and the works about her.

Laziness in American Literature: The Inaugural Moment

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-144
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Ladyga
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Didactic Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Speaking Truth To Power ◽  
Romantic Aesthetics

The chapter serves as a historical prelude to chapters on modernism and postmodernism, by providing a historical context for how the trope of laziness evolved in American literature prior to the 20th century. First, it looks at how the motif of laziness functioned in early Puritan literature, how this function was broadened in 18th-century secular and religious didactic literature, and how it eventually developed into an aesthetic device in the Early Republic, when the new trope of laziness combined high Romantic aesthetics of the pastoral with unrefined motifs of vagabondage and delinquency, and in this way addresses the culture’s desire for freedom from the norm of collective labour and from patterns of inclusion and exclusion within the consensual networks of social participation. Second, the chapter explores the difference between the familiar Romantic topos of idleness, which has no subversive potential with respect to ethical normativity and the topos of laziness, which does. Walt Whitman’s trope of loafing is reread here via the Cynical tradition of performative indomitability as parrhēsia, or speaking truth to power. Herman Melville’s experiments with haptic poetics of laziness in Typee are interpreted as a critique of Romantic moralism and the emerging ethico-aesthetic norm of productivity.

CHARLES TRIPP, A History of Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). Pp. 328. $59.95 cloth, $19.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Betty S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Charles Tripp, in his excellent book A History of Iraq, examines the means by which the Iraqi state consolidated its position throughout the country in the 20th century and, just as important, how individual Iraqis used “strategies of co-operation, subversion and resistance” (p. 1) to benefit from its services or to combat its ever-increasing power. While acknowledging that a number of alternative historical narratives can be studied, Tripp specifically places his analysis within a state-centric framework because of the pivotal role Iraq's governmental institutions and leaders have played in reconfiguring the centers of power in the country. As a result of successive governmental activities, the state became the focal point for political power and competition, just as an increasingly narrow group of Iraqis came to hold the reins of that power.

Gadamer’s Logic of Question and Answer and the Difference Between the History of Philosophy and the History of Ideas

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-379
Author(s):  
David Vessey
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Principle Of Charity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

The key difference between the history of ideas and the history of philosophy is that philosophers always consider their historical studies as potentially contributing to contemporary philosophical practice. Such presentism risks anachronistic readings of texts, but a too narrow focus on the historical context of the text risks limiting its ability to contribute to contemporary philosophizing. The current discussion of the history of philosophy focus entirely on how to understand, and what we can learn from, a philosopher’s claims and arguments. Hans-Georg Gadamer offers a different focus, arguing instead that it is the questions that the text answers that generate insights for contemporary philosophical practice. His focus on questions cuts across the standard ways of thinking about the relation between the history of philosophy and the history of ideas and provides novel answers to some central issues in the philosophy of history, for example how to best articulate a principle of charity.

scholarly journals OFFICES WORK AT THE OTOLARYNGOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF KRONSTADT HOSPITAL DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
A. N. Chechko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Military Science ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Navy Medicine

Several years have already passed after the seventieth anniversary of German fascism ruining by Red Army and the Navy fleet of theUSSR, which withstood most of the burden imposed by World War II on nations involved in it. There is now no Nazi Germany; however, the tragedy that the human race suffered because of fascism will long be in spotlight for history and military science. Military medicine, in particular Navy, will too learn much from what was happening then. One of the aspects of the history of Navy medicine relates to the prominent constellation of navy doctors who were fulfilling their duties at Lenin Order Navy Hospital No. 35. Their deserves, which were honored with numerous national and governmental rewards, are addressed in the present paper.

scholarly journals Przesłanie moralne papieża Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI do czeskich ateistów. Historyczne uwarunkowania i możliwości.

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1(13)) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Tomas Petracek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pope Benedict Xvi ◽  
Benedict Xvi ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Teachings

The author deals with the reception of the moral teachings of Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI by the Czech agnostic and atheist public. He puts this dialogue in the historical context of the Czech history of the 20th century and demonstrates its limits and possibilities. Although there is a common dialogue and interest space, currently, however, on the atheistic part of the public prevails a rather confrontational stance.

Glossing in the Linguistic Survey of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée Lahaussois
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step ◽  
Large Scale Survey

Summary In this article, I explore glossing practices in the period surrounding the publication of the Linguistic Survey of India (LSI), the large-scale survey of languages spoken on the Indian subcontinent at the turn of the 20th century, under the stewardship of George Abraham Grierson (1851–1941). After a brief discussion of the reasons that the LSI constitutes a useful corpus for studying glossing practices, I provide a detailed examination of the glossing practices used in the text specimens which accompany language descriptions in the LSI. I then contrast these practices with glossing in materials produced both prior to and subsequent to the LSI, in order to place the glossing practices established by Grierson within a historical context, thereby contributing a description of one step in the history of glossing of descriptive linguistic materials.

scholarly journals Tito’s Villas in Herceg Novi – Regional Contexts and State Residences

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Radulović ◽  
Sanja Paunović Žarić ◽  
Ema Alihodžić Jašarović
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Formal Relations ◽  
General Goal

Considering the growth trends of cities within specific regional contexts, the focus of this paper is the contemporary architecture of the bay of Boka Kotorska, a World Heritage region protected by UNESCO. The youngest and largest town is Herceg Novi located at the entrance of the bay. Against the attractive setting of the coastal and inland landscape, its dynamic cultural and historical context directly shapes the formulation of the architectural environment, which cannot be reduced simply to the set of formal relations with the local site. The main research subject of this paper is the architectural discourse from the last decades of the 20th century as well as the perspective of physical architecture, through the research optics of analysis of this specific region. Its focal point consists of two architects which were among the most significant practitioners in this area and involved in the key urban definitions of Herceg Novi in the second half of the 20th century. The review is given with special reference to two state residences, villas built for Josip Broz Tito in Herceg Novi: Villa Galeb and Villa Lovćenka. The nature and architectural scope of these buildings is identified, the concept design methodology is examined, predominantly in decoding the relations with relevant influential factors, not excluding the highly specific socio-political context. The general goal of this paper is to specify the character and the scope of the work and authors who implemented a clear and discernable design approach at the end of the 20th century in Herceg Novi. The state residencies built for Josip Broz Tito in this town have not been the subject of critical research so far. As such, they have provided a worthwhile case study for the identification of design methods in the creation of impressions on the representatives of state power and their role in urban landscape of a coastal town. A secondary goal of this paper is additional accumulation of knowledge on the relevant architectural history of the Adriatic coast, as well as highlighting the significance of an architecture displaying evident regional qualities

scholarly journals The creation of S. Marshak’s poem “Ice-cream”

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-179
Author(s):  
Nikolai Guskov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
Creative Individual ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Editing Process

The article compares seven versions of S. Marshak’s poem for children “Ice Cream”. Three of them (1925, 1940 and 1957) are recognized as the canonical editions, and others (of the 1929, 1949, 1960.1962) as their variants. The final version for posthumous publications is ascribed, without any reason given, to 1960 production year, with deviations taken from different publications of this text. The article analyzes the reasons underlining such transformation of the text that include changes in realia, social tastes and mores, stylistic and ideological tendencies of the 20th century, and the poet’s desire to harmonize his creative attitudes with external factors. The analysis demonstrates that although the editing process of the text was organic, the difference between editions is so great (only 30 verses are shared between all of the editions) that the reproduction of all versions is needed for scholarly and the critical editions of Marshak’s poetry. His editing method is compensatory: the plot and style varied, but the philosophical and ethical subtext important for Marshak as a creative individual remained the same. These are archetypal ideas of joyful acceptance of the objective laws of nature, the glorification of those who support world harmony, and the condemnation of those who violate it. The appendix contains a comparative table showing the history of Marshak’s text.

scholarly journals Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
History Of

The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930– 1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.

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