Some discriminatory characteristics of earthquakes near the Kariba, Kremasta, and Koyna artificial lakes

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh K. Gupta ◽  
B. K. Rastogi ◽  
Hari Narain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
B Values ◽  
Artificial Lakes ◽  
Earthquake Sequences ◽  
Frequency Magnitude

abstract The behavior of earthquakes near the artificial lakes at Kariba, Kremasta, and Koyna, where earthquakes of magnitude exceeding 6 have occurred, is examined. Foreshock-aftershock patterns of these earthquake sequences correspond with Mogi's type II model, whereas the normal earthquakes of these regions belong to type I. Three similar relations could be fitted in the time distribution of aftershocks of the main earthquakes. Quite contrary to normal earthquakes, foreshock b values are found to be comparable with the aftershock b values in the frequency-magnitude relations. Focal mechanisms of the largest earthquakes of these sequences have been determined and compared. Dip-slip components of the motion are such that the lakes are situated on the downthrown blocks. These regions are characterized by a volcanic past and the presence of rocks such as limestones and red boles which are easily affected by water. These findings are useful in distinguishing the reservoir-associated earthquakes from normal earthquakes and suggest that the artificial lakes are responsible for changing the mechanical properties of the strata and releasing the accumulated strains.

Common features of the reservoir-associated seismic activities

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh K. Gupta ◽  
B. K. Rastogi ◽  
Hari Narain
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
B Values ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Tremor Frequency ◽  
Earthquake Sequences ◽  
Largest Aftershock ◽  
Frequency Magnitude

abstract A detailed examination of the behavior of earthquakes associated with over a dozen artificial lakes shows that, in all cases, the tremors were initiated or their frequency increased considerably following the lake filling and that their epicenters were mostly located within a distance of 25 km from the lakes. Among the factors affecting the tremor frequency are the rate of increase of water level, duration of loading, maximum levels reached, and the period for which the high levels are retained. The study of these reservoir-associated earthquake sequences reveals that the ratio of the largest aftershock to the main shock is high (about 0.9), and the b values are also high in the frequency-magnitude relation, which is contrary to the normal earthquakes of the concerned regions.

Earthquake mechanism determination by S-wave data

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-474
Author(s):  
Anne E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Force System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Family ◽  
Force Systems ◽  
Generalized Force ◽  
Earthquake Mechanism

ABSTRACT The nature of force systems at the foci of earthquakes can be studied by analyzing initial longitudinal (P) and transverse (S) displacements produced by them on the surface of the earth. The force system described in this paper results from a superposition of three mutually orthogonal double forces which act at a point focus. A family of equations is derived which depends only on S polarization angles and not on initial P displacements to determine the orientation of this generalized force system. An IBM 1620 computer has been programmed to solve the family of equations for two particular focal mechanisms—the single couple (Honda's Type I) and the double dipole (Honda's Type II). Two possible force systems are thus calculated for each earthquake using only S angles. The appropriate mechanism for each earthquake is selected by comparing the distribution of initial P displacements actually recorded, with that predicted from the solutions of the mechanism equations making use of S data. Computer solutions are presented for 32 earthquakes for which data are available in the literature. The orientation of the force system for each earthquake calculated from S data alone is in general agreement with that determined from P data.

Effect of different lapping orders on mechanical performance and nugget forming process for three-sheet dissimilar resistance spot welding joints between DC06 and unequal-thickness hot-stamped B1500HS steel sheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Xin Mao ◽  
Zhi Cheng ◽  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Wurong Wang ◽  
Xicheng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Nugget Formation

In this study, the mechanical properties of two welded joints under different lapping orders (B1500HS-1.4 mm/B1500HS-1.6 mm/DC06, denoted as type I; B1500HS-1.4 mm/DC06/B1500HS-1.6 mm, denoted type II) were compared. The nugget formation mechanism was analysed by a coupled electrical-thermal finite element model (FEM). It is found that different lapping orders significantly affect the mechanical properties of three-sheet RSW joints. All RSW joints tend to fail in the pull-out or tearing failure mode. The peak load of the two interfaces of type II RSW joint is more balanced, and the failure load of which is much higher than that of the type I RSW joint; The warpage was observed at type I welded joint. Considered the load-carrying capacity, type II was excellent. The simulation results indicate that the diameter of the weld nugget at the upper interface of the type I RSW joint was larger than that on the other interfaces, which agree well with the experimental results. The nugget formation mechanism of dissimilar high strength steel three-sheet RSW joint was obtained that forming the nugget firstly from two interfaces and final formed nuggets were asymmetric.

On renewal processes relating to counter models: the case of phase-type interarrival times

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. C. Kao ◽  
Marion Spokony Smith
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Interarrival Time ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inventory Models ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Interarrival Times

The Type I and Type II counter models of Pyke (1958) have many applications in applied probability: in reliability, queueing and inventory models, for example. In this paper, we study the case in which the interarrival time distribution is of phase type. For the two counter models, we derive the renewal functions of the related renewal processes and propose approaches for their computations.

scholarly journals Effect of Quenching Tempering-Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Arc Hybrid-Welded Boron Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Won Lee ◽  
Kwang Jae Yoo ◽  
Minh Tien Tran ◽  
In Yong Moon ◽  
Young-Seok Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

In the present study, we have investigated the effect of post-welding heat treatment (PWHT) of quenching and tempering (QT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded boron steel joints processed using laser-arc hybrid welding on two commercial filler materials, SM80 (Type-I) and ZH120 (Type-II). The microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joints were characterized via optical microscopy, Vickers microhardness, and the uniaxial tensile test. The macrostructure of the weld joint was composed of a fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal zone (BMZ). After the QT-PWHT, the QT specimens revealed the V-shape hardness distribution across the weld joint, while the as-welded specimen exhibited the M-shape hardness distribution. As a result, the QT specimens revealed the premature fracture with little reduction in the area at the interface between the HAZ and FZ, while the as-welded specimen exhibited the local necking and rupture in the BMZ. In addition, the Type-II filler material with a greater value of equivalent carbon content was rarely influenced by the tempering, maintaining its hardness in the as-quenched status, while the Type-I filler material showed a gradual decrease in hardness with the tempering time. The results demonstrate that the Type-II weld joint outperformed the Type-I weld joint in terms of the structural integrity of welded parts.

On renewal processes relating to counter models: the case of phase-type interarrival times

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. C. Kao ◽  
Marion Spokony Smith
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Interarrival Time ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inventory Models ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Interarrival Times

The Type I and Type II counter models of Pyke (1958) have many applications in applied probability: in reliability, queueing and inventory models, for example. In this paper, we study the case in which the interarrival time distribution is of phase type. For the two counter models, we derive the renewal functions of the related renewal processes and propose approaches for their computations.

Peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. Part II: effect of peroxides and co-agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Richard Sýkora ◽  
Ivan Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
The State ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Part

Abstract Four types of peroxides in combination with two types of co-agents were used as cross-linking agents for the preparation of rubber compounds based on natural rubber. The effects of Type I and Type II co-agents on cross-linking and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates were investigated. The correlation between mechanisms of the interaction of co-agents with the rubber matrix in relation to the characteristics of tested systems was discussed. The results showed that the Type I co-agent influenced the rate and the state of cure. Physical-mechanical properties were improved by addition of the Type I co-agent. By contrast, the Type II co-agent had no contribution to the rate and state of cure. Moreover, physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates deteriorated in the presence of this type of co-agent.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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