scholarly journals Continued Breastfeeding and the Influence of Fatty Acids on Infant Neurological Maturation: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Cristiane Movio ◽  
Solange Aparecida de Oliveira Neves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
On Line

Abstract Breast milk is considered a complete food and the immediate effects of breastfeeding on the babies’neurological development are already recognized. This study aimed to describe the importance of continued breastfeeding and the influence of fatty acids on the infant's neurological maturation. For the study development, a systematic review was adopted, in which online search bases such as SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar were used and whose publications comprised the period from 2008 to 2021. Out of the 969 articles found, 47 of them were selected that fulfilled the objective of the study. Breast milk is essential for the child's development and the benefits extend into adulthood, such as less chance of developing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypersensitivity reactions, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. The mother-child bond is strengthened, enabling the child to develop emotionally, in addition to reducing the incidence of cancer in the mother. Breast milk has essential fatty acids (AGEs), such as linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid , which are essential for the development of neurological, visual and cellular activities. These compounds are present in breast milk in greater proportion than other types of milk and the more the mother ingests foods such as deep and cold water fish, seeds, flaxseed, chia, the greater the presence of AGEs and more benefits for the embryo-fetal period and for the infant. Thus, encouraging the breast milk consumption through suction improves stomatognathic functions, promoting harmonious orofacial growth, muscle balance, breathing coordination and proper tongue posture. Keywords: Milk, Human. Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences. Stomatognathic System. Resumo O leite materno é considerado um alimento completo e os efeitos imediatos da amamentação no desenvolvimento neurológico dos bebês já é reconhecido. Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever a importância da amamentação continuada e a influência dos ácidos graxos na maturação neurológica do lactente. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, adotou-se uma revisão sistemática, no qual foram utilizadas as bases de busca on line como SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico e cujas publicações compreenderam o período entre de 2008 a 2021. Dos 969 artigos encontrados, foram selecionados 48 que atenderam ao objetivo do estudo. O leite materno é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da criança e os benefícios se estendem até a vida adulta, tais como menor chances de desenvolver obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, reações de hipersensibilidade, doenças respiratórias e gastrintestinais. O vínculo mãe-filho fica fortalecido, dando condições à criança de se desenvolver emocionalmente, além de diminuir a incidência de câncer na mãe. O leite materno possui ácidos graxos essenciais (AGE), como linoleico e linolênico, que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento das atividades neurológicas, visuais e celulares. Esses compostos estão presentes no leite materno em maior proporção que outros tipos de leite e quanto mais a mãe ingerir alimentos como peixes de águas profundas e frias, sementes, linhaça, chia, maior será a presença dos AGE e mais benefícios para o período embriofetal e para o lactente. Desta forma incentivar o consumo de leite materno de forma prolongada, pela sucção melhora as funções estomatognáticas, promovendo crescimento orofacial harmonioso, equilíbrio da musculatura, coordenação da respiração e postura adequada de língua. Palavras-chave: Leite Humano. Fonoaudiologia. Sistema Estomatognatico.

scholarly journals Temporal Changes in Breast Milk Fatty Acids Contents: A Case Study of Malay Breastfeeding Women

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Geok Lin Khor ◽  
Seok Shin Tan ◽  
Eline Stoutjesdijk ◽  
Kock Wai Tony Ng ◽  
Ilse Khouw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The composition of human breast milk changes in the first two months of life, adapting itself to the evolving needs of the growing new-born. Lipids in milk are a source of energy, essential fatty acids (FA), fat-soluble vitamins, and vital bioactive components. Information on breast milk FA of Malaysian lactating women is scarce. Based on convenience sampling, a total of 20 Malay breastfeeding women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Breast milk was collected three times from each subject at consecutive intervals of 2–3 weeks apart. A total of 60 breast milk samples were collected and classified into “transitional milk” (n = 8), “early milk” (n = 26) and “mature milk” (n = 26). All milk samples were air freighted to University of Groningen, Netherlands for analysis. The dominant breast milk FA were oleic acid, constituting 33% of total fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid (26%). Both these FA and the essential FA, linoleic acid (10%) and alpha-linolenic acid (0.4%), showed no significant changes from transitional to mature milk. Breast milk ratio of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was comparatively high, exceeding 10 throughout the lactation period, suggesting a healthier balance of PUFA intake is needed in pregnancy and at postpartum.

scholarly journals Association of breast milk fatty acids with allergic disease outcomes-A systematic review

Allergy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Waidyatillake ◽  
S. C. Dharmage ◽  
K. J. Allen ◽  
C. J. Lodge ◽  
J. A. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Outcomes

scholarly journals Alpha-Linolenic and Linoleic Fatty Acids in the Vegan Diet: Do They Require Dietary Reference Intake/Adequate Intake Special Consideration?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burns-Whitmore ◽  
Froyen ◽  
Heskey ◽  
Parker ◽  
San Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Long Chain

Good sources of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) include cold-water fish and seafood; however, vegan diets (VGNs) do not include animal-origin foods. Typically, US omnivores obtain enough dietary EPA and DHA, but unless VGNs consume algal n-3 supplements, they rely on endogenous production of long-chain fatty acids. VGN diets have several possible concerns: (1) VGNs have high intakes of linoleic acid (LA) as compared to omnivore/non-vegetarian diets. (2) High intakes of LA competitively interfere with the endogenous conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to EPA and DHA. (3) High somatic levels of LA/low ALA indicate a decreased ALA conversion to EPA and DHA. (4) Some, not all VGNs meet the Dietary Reference Intake Adequate Intake (DRI-AI) for dietary ALA and (5) VGN diets are high in fiber, which possibly interferes with fat absorption. Consequently, health professionals and Registered Dietitians/Registered Dietitian Nutritionists working with VGNs need specific essential fatty acid diet guidelines. The purpose of this review was: (1) to suggest that VGNs have a DRI-AI Special Consideration requirement for ALA and LA based on VGN dietary and biochemical indicators of status and (2) to provide suggestions to ensure that VGNs receive adequate intakes of LA and ALA.

scholarly journals Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Thijs ◽  
A van Houwelingen ◽  
I Poorterman ◽  
A Mordant ◽  
P van den Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Borage Oil

The Use of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed on EPA and DHA Contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Omega 6

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.

Antioxidant Micronutrients and Essential Fatty Acids Supplementation on Cystic Fibrosis Outcomes: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1033.e1
Author(s):  
Miriam Isabel Souza dos Santos Simon ◽  
Roberta Dalle Molle ◽  
Flávia Moraes Silva ◽  
Thais Wabner Rodrigues ◽  
Marceli Feldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

Abstract P233: Plasma essential fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk: the Hoorn Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Alssema ◽  
Mieke Cabout ◽  
Giel Nijpels ◽  
Coen D Stehouwer ◽  
Peter L Zock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Analyses

Background: A high consumption of the polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) instead of saturated fatty acids is known to reduce CHD risk, but data on the relation between LA and ALA intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk are limited and inconsistent. Plasma levels of LA and ALA provide a relatively accurate reflection of the intake over several weeks or months, because of the essential nature of these fatty acids. Objective: To investigate the association of the percentage of LA and ALA in plasma lipids with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-load glucose (PLG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as markers of T2DM risk. Methods: The study population included 667 Dutch men and women, aged 50-75 years from the population-based Hoorn Study. Baseline data for the current study were collected between 2000 and 2001, with follow-up in 2008. Linear regression models were used in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, plasma LA (per %) was significantly and inversely associated with FPG ( B = -0.022 [-0.044, 0.000]) and PLG ( B = -0.096 [-0.155, -0.036]), but not with HbA1c ( B = 0.000 [-0.014, 0.014]), after adjustment for age, gender, total energy intake, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, fiber, dietary saturated fat intake, alcohol intake and education level. In prospective analyses, plasma LA was not significantly associated with FPG, PLG or HbA1c after adjustments for baseline glucose. In addition, no significant associations were found between plasma ALA and markers of T2DM risk in cross-sectional or prospective analyses. Conclusion: Plasma LA, but not ALA, was inversely associated with fasting and post-load glucose levels in cross-sectional, but not in prospective analyses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of plasma LA and ALA levels and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in glucose metabolism.

Long-term supplementation of culture medium with essential fatty acids alters α-linolenic acid uptake in Caco-2 clone TC7

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
T Tranchant ◽  
P Besson ◽  
C Hoinard ◽  
M Pinault ◽  
J M Alessandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition

We investigated the influence of four different culture media: 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 5% FBS, 5% FBS supplemented with 10 mg·L-1 linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)) or alpha-linolenic acid (18:3(n-3)) on alpha-linolenic acid apical uptake in clone TC7 of human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Neither cellular viability nor cell monolayer integrity and permeability were altered by the four culture conditions. Our results show that the different culture media led to changes in alpha-linolenic acid maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) but did not alter the apparent transport constant (Km). Reducing FBS concentration from 20% to 5% increased significantly the rate of alpha-linolenic acid uptake, which was further increased by supplementation of the medium with 18:2(n-6) or 18:3(n-3). Supplementation with essential fatty acids led to a marked enrichment of brush-border membrane phospholipids in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the corresponding series and decreased significantly the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids, unsaturation index, and cholesterol / fatty acid ratios were unchanged. No clear relation could be established between the changes in membrane lipid composition and the alterations of alpha-linolenic acid uptake. These results indicate a weak influence of membrane lipid composition in the modulation of the uptake. Therefore, the increase of uptake following long-term supplementation of TC7 cells with essential fatty acids could be attributed to an increase of the expression of membrane protein(s) involved in the apical uptake of long-chain fatty acids. This remains to be established.Key words: fatty acid intestinal absorption, Caco-2 cells, membrane fatty acid transport protein, membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition.

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