scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Blended Crude Jatropha Oil with Magnetic Liquid Catalyst and DEX under Normal Gravity Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Hendry Y. Nanlohy
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Normal Gravity ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Magnetic Liquid

A comparative study on the combustion characteristics of a single droplet fueled by DEX, crude jatropha oil (CJO), and a mixture of CJO with a magnetic liquid catalyst of rhodium trisulfate has been carried out under normal gravity conditions. The high viscosity of crude jatropha oil makes it difficult to burn under normal conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure), therefore the addition of a magnetic liquid catalyst rhodium trisulfate is needed to improve the properties of crude jatropha oil. As a catalyst, rhodium trisulfate has the potential to improve combustion performance while improving the physical properties of crude jatropha oil as an alternative fuel for the better. Furthermore, performance tests were also carried out with DEX fuel with a cetane number (CNs) 53. The results showed that compared to DEX, it was seen that the liquid metal catalyst rhodium trisulfate succeeded in making crude jatropha oil more charged so that the combustion process was better. This is evidenced by a significant change in the dimensions of the flame and an increase in the combustion temperature. Moreover, it is also seen that the burning rate increases and the ignition delay become faster.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithium Salts on the Combustion Characteristics of Electrolyte under Diverse Pressures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5373
Author(s):  
Changcheng Liu ◽  
Que Huang ◽  
Kaihui Zheng ◽  
Jiawen Qin ◽  
Dechuang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Lower Altitude

The electrolyte is one of the components that releases the most heat during the thermal runaway (TR) and combustion process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, the thermal hazard of the electrolyte has a significant impact on the safety of LIBs. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of the electrolyte such as parameters of heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate (MLR) and total heat release (THR) have been investigated and analyzed. In order to meet the current demand of plateau sections with low-pressure and low-oxygen areas on LIBs, an electrolyte with the most commonly used lithium salts, LiPF6, was chosen as the experimental sample. Due to the superior low-temperature performance, an electrolyte containing LiBF4 was also selected to be compared with the LiPF6 sample. Combustion experiments were conducted for electrolyte pool fire under various altitudes. According to the experimental results, both the average and peak values of MLR in the stable combustion stage of the electrolyte pool fire had positive exponential relations with the atmospheric pressure. At the relatively higher altitude, there was less THR, and the average and peak values of HRR decreased significantly, while the combustion duration increased remarkably when compared with that at the lower altitude. The average HRR of the electrolyte with LiBF4 was obviously lower than that of solution containing LiPF6 under low atmospheric pressure, which was slightly higher for LiBF4 electrolyte at standard atmospheric pressure. Because of the low molecular weight (MW) of LiBF4, the THR of the corresponding electrolyte was larger, so the addition of LiBF4 could not effectively improve the safety of the electrolyte. Moreover, the decrease of pressure tended to increase the production of harmful hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas.

Investigation on the spray development, the combustion characteristics and the emissions of Fischer–Tropsch fuel and diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (13) ◽  
pp. 1829-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Pei ◽  
Jing Qin ◽  
Yuli Dai ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Direct Coal Liquefaction

Diesel fuel is largely consumed by transportation services, and diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction and Fischer–Tropsch fuel have been produced as alternatives in coal-rich areas. However, the physicochemical characteristics of the two fuels are not quite the same as those of diesel fuel derived from crude oil. Therefore, the spray development, the combustion characteristics and the emissions of diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction, Fischer–Tropsch fuel and commercial diesel fuel were studied in this paper. The spray development was investigated by using planar laser-induced fluorescence, and the results showed that the spray characteristics of coal-liquefied fuel were similar to those of commercial diesel fuel. Diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction has a longer ignition delay and a higher heat release rate from premixed combustion than commercial diesel fuel does because of its lower cetane number at low loads. However, the same combustion characteristics with commercial diesel fuel can be achieved by mixing diesel fuel from direct coal liquefaction and Fischer–Tropsch fuel in a ratio of 3 to 1. With increasing engine load, the in-cylinder temperature and the pressure increased which reduced the effect of the cetane number on the ignition delay and the combustion process. The regulated emissions from Fischer–Tropsch fuel were the lowest of these fuels; the unregulated emissions measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, however, were slightly higher than those of the other two fuels.

EFFECT OF METALLIC FUEL NATURE ON COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE / BINDER / METAL COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELLANTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Poryazov ◽  
◽  
O. G. Glotov ◽  
V. A. Arkhipov ◽  
G. S. Surodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Solid Propellants ◽  
Metallic Fuel ◽  
Composite Solid Propellants

The goal of this research is to obtain experimental information about combustion characteristics of the composite propellant containing various metallic fuels. The propellant formulations contained two fractions of ammonium perchlorate (64.6%), inert binder (19.7%) - butadiene rubber SKD plastized with transformer oil, and metal fuel (15.7% of aluminum ASD-4, ASD-6, Alex; boron; aluminum diboride; aluminum dodecaboride; some mixtures of above listed ingredients). Experimental information will be used further as a background to develop the physical and mathematical model of combustion process.

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biomass and Coal Blended

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Guang Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Rate Of Combustion ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
Biomass Particle Size ◽  
Obvious Weight Loss

Under different conditions,combustion characteristics of the single biomass,the single coal and the mixture of biomass and coal were analyzed by using thermogravimetric analyzer. Combustion characteristic parameters of the sawdust,the rice husk,the rice straw and the Baisha coal of Leiyang were studied,including ignition temperature,the maximum rate of combustion temperature,the burnout temperature and so on. The experimental results show that the biomass burning temperature is lower than the Baisha coal and there are two obvious weight loss phases in the combustion process of the biomass. However,there is only one in the coal. The ignition temperature and time of the coal can be reduced ,the temperature range of the entire combustion can be extended,the coal can be burnout more well and the fuel combustion characteristic can be optimized by blending combustion. With the increase of biomass mixing proportion, the ignition temperature of mixing samples was decreased more obviously. Moreover,when the biomass particle size becomes R200,compared with R90 particle size under the same blending ratio,its ignition temperature is more lower.

An integrated effort of medium reactivity fuel, in-cylinder, and after-treatment strategies to demonstrate potential reduction in challenging emissions of reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1278
Author(s):  
R Murugan ◽  
D Ganesh ◽  
G Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Combustion

Previous studies on reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion indicated that, reducing the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at low load conditions still remains a challenge because of lower in-cylinder temperatures due to lower global reactivity gradient and reduced oxidation process. Research in this direction has not been reported so far and with this motivation, an attempt has been made to increase the global reactivity gradient and oxidation of fuel–air mixture by converting the low reactivity fuel methanol into medium reactivity fuel. This is achieved by mixing high octane oxygenated fuel, methanol (Octane Number: 110), with an oxygenated better cetane and volatility fuels like polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (Cetane Number: 78) and isobutanol (Cetane Number: 15). The medium reactivity fuel with multiple direct injection of diesel fuel timed the combustion of dual fuel–air mixture to avoid too late or too advanced combustion which are the prime factors in controlling the unburnt emissions in a low temperature combustion process. Four medium reactivity fuel samples, M80IB20, M60IB40, M90P10, and M80P20, on percentage volume basis have been prepared and tested on the modified on-road three-cylinder turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine to demonstrate higher indicated thermal efficiency and potential reduction in unburnt and oxides of nitrogen/particulate matter emissions from reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion. Experimental results show that, use of medium reactivity fuel with optimized diesel injection strategy resulted in 66% decrease in hydrocarbon emission and 74% decrease in carbon monoxide emission by enhancing the oxidation of fuel–air mixture at lower temperatures which is evidently noticed in the combustion characteristics. Further reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission of about 90% has been achieved by integrating the diesel oxidation catalyst with the engine.

Combustion Characteristics of Isolated Free-Falling Droplets of Jet A Blended With Ethanol and Butanol

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Muelas ◽  
Pilar Remacha ◽  
Javier Ballester
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures

Recent studies on experimental gas turbines suggest that the addition of ethanol or butanol to Jet A are viable alternatives for reducing CO and NOx emissions while maintaining similar performance to that of pure Jet A. In light of this potential, experimental data regarding the burning characteristics of Jet A/ethanol and Jet A/butanol blends are required in order to better understand their combustion process. Following a previous study on Jet A/butanol droplet combustion, the scope has been extended in order to also include ethanol and a Jet A/ethanol mixture as well as to perform a more detailed characterization. In this work the combustion characteristics of Jet A, butanol, ethanol and their mixtures (20% vol. alcohol in kerosene) are presented for different test conditions. The evaluated combustion characteristics include droplet, flame and soot shell size evolutions, burning rates and image-based soot estimations. The influence of oxygen availability is also ascertained. The evolution of droplet diameter and burning rates for Jet A and its blends with both alcohols are very similar, whereas pure ethanol and butanol display more distinct behaviors. Soot indices are found to be quite different, with a clear reduction in the sooting propensity of the Jet A/alcohol mixtures when compared to neat kerosene. These results support the feasibility of kerosene-alcohol mixtures as promising alternative fuels with similar combustion characteristics, but with much lower sooting propensity than pure kerosene.

scholarly journals Oxy-combustion of biomass in a circulating fluidized bed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kosowska-Golachowska ◽  
Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska ◽  
Adam Luckos ◽  
Krzysztof Wolski ◽  
Tomasz Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Maximum Mass Loss

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate combustion characteristics of biomass (willow, Salix viminalis) burnt in air and O2/CO2 mixtures in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Air and oxy-combustion characteristics of wooden biomass in CFB were supplemented by the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA). The results of conducted CFB and TGA tests show that the composition of the oxidizing atmosphere strongly influences the combustion process of biomass fuels. Replacing N2 in the combustion environment by CO2 caused slight delay (higher ignition temperature and lower maximum mass loss rate) in the combustion of wooden biomass. The combustion process in O2/CO2 mixtures at 30% and 40% O2 is faster and shorter than that at lower O2 concentrations.

Research on Supercharging Performance of 190 Series 6-Cylinder Gas Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Gang Tian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Matching Design

The combustion characteristics of gas engine are investigated. According to inefficient combustion tendency, prepare solutions, reasonably select supercharging parameters to make estimations and guide the .turbo supercharging matching design of 190 Series gas engine. The design is verified and completed with performance tests, which finally show that the dynamic property of the engine is increased and its economy of is improved.

Investigations on Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine With Crude Jatropha Oil as an Alternate Fuel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Murali Krishna ◽  
C. M. Vara Prasad ◽  
Tandur Rajashekar ◽  
Supriya Tiwari ◽  
T. Sujani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Operation

Jatropha oil, a non-edible vegetable oil shows a greater potential for replacing conventional diesel fuel quite effectively, as its properties are compatible to that of diesel fuel. But low volatility and high viscosity of jatropha oil call for hot combustion chamber, which is provided by a low heat rejection diesel engine with threaded air gap piston and liner with superni-90 inserts. The performance of the engine with jatropha oil is obtained with different versions of the engine such as conventional engine and insulated engine at normal and preheat condition of the oil, with varying injection pressure and timing and compared to the engine with pure diesel operation at recommended injection pressure and timing. Increase of thermal efficiency of 18% and reduction of NOx levels by 5% are observed at optimized injection timing and at higher injection pressure with insulated engine at preheat condition of jatropha oil in comparison with pure diesel operation on conventional engine.

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