scholarly journals Smoking Ban: A Long-term Analysis of the Malta Paradox in a Population of over 400,000 Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Magri ◽  
Robert Xuereb ◽  
Sandra Distefano ◽  
Neville Calleja ◽  
Victor Grech
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The introduction of laws that make indoor public areas and workplaces smoke-free has resulted in a significant<br />reduction in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Malta was the second European country to introduce the<br />smoking ban legislation in April 2004. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the smoking ban in Malta on<br />ACS morbidity and mortality.<br />Methods: The number of ACS hospital admissions and the number of cardiovascular deaths were retrospectively analysed.<br />The annual data for 5 years prior to and following the introduction of the Tobacco Act were obtained according to age-groups<br />for both genders. Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess for decline in ACS admission and cardiovascular<br />death.<br />Results: The ACS admission rate increased throughout the 5 years following the introduction of the smoking ban. There was<br />no change in mortality rate in the 5 years following the legislation, except in 2007 when a small but significant decline was<br />noted.<br />Conclusions: The Malta smoking ban did not have a significant impact on cardiovascular mortality and ACS admissions<br />rates, indicating the need for proper enforcement of the public smoking ban and increase in public awareness regarding the<br />adverse effects of smoking.<br />Key words: Coronary heart disease; Mortality; Prevention; Smoking.

scholarly journals The bimodal rise and fall acute coronary syndromes curves paralleling COVID-19 outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Trabattoni ◽  
G Teruzzi ◽  
P M Ravagnani ◽  
G Santagostino Baldi ◽  
P Montorsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preliminary reports from the early phase of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy reported a dramatic reduction in hospital admission rates for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) coupled with longer times from symptoms onset to hospital presentation. Purpose To assess the impact of COVID-19 on hospital admission rates and ACS patterns, as well as time to presentation and clinical outcomes, following the acute pandemic phase in 2020 compared to previous year. Methods We conducted a single institution retrospective analysis conducted in a cardiovascular hub serving a large metropolitan area in Italy. Number and monthly distribution of hospital admissions for ACS from January 1 to December 31, 2020 were compared to the respective figures in 2019. Baseline clinical features, time from symptoms onset to hospital admission and main clinical outcomes were collected. Results A total of 599 ACS cases were recorded in 2020 vs. 386 cases in 2019, with a net 55% increase. ACS presentation rate in 2020 showed a bimodal pattern, paralleling the most contagious outbreak periods (Figure 1). SARS-CoB-2 nasopharyngeal swab or specific antibody tests were positive in 34 (5.7%) patients. Time from symptoms onset to hospital presentation tended to be longer in 2020 than in 2019, being two-fold longer during the peak epidemic phase (February 21-May 3, 2020; median time 2.0 vs. 5.0 hours, p=0.030). The proportion of late-presenting STEMI (&gt;8 hrs from symptoms onset) was higher in 2020 compared to 2019 (30% vs. 18%, p=0.003),as well as higher was in-hospital mortality (15% in 2020 vs 6% in 2019, p=0.001), partly due to a three-fold increase in cardiogenic shock on ACS presentation. Conclusions ACS admission rate significantly increased during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic outbreak for several reasons only partially explained by a SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger effect on ACS. Longer presentation times and higher rates of cardiogenic shock and mortality were observed, urging the need health-care systems to keep a high priority on cardiovascular emergencies response networks. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stroke admissions in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000084
Author(s):  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Salman Al Jerdi ◽  
Ziyad Mahfoud ◽  
Yahia Imam ◽  
Saadat Kamran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attacks ◽  
Stroke Mimics ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a dramatic unexplained decline in hospital admissions due to acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Several theories have emerged aiming to explain this decline, mostly revolving around the fear of contracting the disease and thus avoiding hospital visits.AimsIn this study, we aim to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stroke admissions to a tertiary care centre in Qatar.MethodsThe Hamad General Hospital stroke database was interrogated for stroke admissions between September 2019 and May 2020. The number of stroke admissions, stroke subtypes and short-term outcomes was compared between the ‘pre-COVID-19’ period (September 2019 to February 2020) and the COVID-19 pandemic period (March to May 2020).ResultsWe observed a significant decline in monthly admissions in March (157), April (128) and May (135) compared with the pre-COVID-19 6-month average (229) (p=0.024). The reduction in admissions was most evident in functional stroke mimics. The average admissions decreased from 87 to 34 per month (p=0.0001). Although there were no significant differences in admissions due to ischaemic stroke (IS), intracranial haemorrhage or transient ischaemic attacks between the two periods, we noted a relative decrease in IS due to small vessel disease and an increase in those due to large vessel atherosclerosis in March to May 2020.ConclusionsThe decline in overall stroke admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic is most likely related to concerns of contracting the infection, evidenced mainly by a decline in admissions of stroke mimics. However, a relative increase in large vessel occlusions raises suspicion of pathophysiological effects of the virus, and requires further investigation.

The impact of a smoking ban on hospital admissions for coronary heart disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik A. Khuder ◽  
Sheryl Milz ◽  
Timothy Jordan ◽  
James Price ◽  
Kathi Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the urban population of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. S529-S536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Marcilio ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Time Series Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Respiratory Causes

This study aimed to quantify air pollution impact on morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian urban population using locally generated impact factors. Concentration-response coefficients were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations and deaths attributable to air pollution in seven Brazilian cities. Poisson regression coefficients (beta) were obtained from time-series studies conducted in Brazil. The study included individuals 65 years old and over and children under five. More than 600 deaths a year from respiratory causes in the elderly and 47 in children were attributable to mean air pollution levels, corresponding to 4.9% and 5.5% of all deaths from respiratory causes in these age groups. More than 4,000 hospital admissions for respiratory conditions were also attributable to air pollution. These results quantitatively demonstrate the currently observed contribution of air pollution to mortality and hospitalizations in Brazilian cities. Such assessment is thought to help support the planning of surveillance and control activities for air pollution in these and similar areas.

Abstract 5133: Does Public Smoking Ban Reduce the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Michigan? A Systematic Review and Attributable Risk Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouaz Al-Mallah ◽  
Fadi Alqaisi ◽  
David Nerenz ◽  
Stephanie Boedeker ◽  
W. Douglas Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Michigan legislature is currently considering a proposal for a comprehensive smoking ban (CSB) in Michigan. The potential impact of such a law on the incidence AMI is not known. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the impact of CSB on the incidence of AMI and calculated the impact of potential CSB on the incidence of AMI in Michigan. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception till May 2008 for studies comparing the rates of AMI hospital admissions before and in the year after the implementation of CSB legislation. Of 135 potentially relevant articles screened initially, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model meta-analysis was done and between-studies heterogeneity was compared with I2. The attributable risk (AR) of CSB on AMI incidence was calculated and multiplied with the number of AMI admissions in Michigan. Results: In the published studies, a CSB was associated with a decrease in the incidence of AMI (RR 96%, 95% CI 93%–100%, p=0.05). There was no heterogeneity between the included studies (I2<50%). The AR of CSB on the incidence of AMI is −4.2%. The average number of hospital admissions for AMI as first-listed diagnosis in Michigan between 1999 and 2006 was 27,007 per year. Thus, if a CSB legislation is implemented in Michigan in 2008, the calculated reduction of hospital admissions for AMI is 1130 admissions per year as of 2009.. Conclusion: CSB is associated with a significant reduction of annual hospital admissions for AMI. The financial impact of this reduction on health care cost is yet to be determined.

Abstract P84: The Impact of a Potential Nationwide Comprehensive Smoking Ban on Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouaz H Al-Mallah ◽  
Owais Khawaja ◽  
Fadi Alqaisi ◽  
David Nerenz ◽  
W Douglas Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Smoking is a well established risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The potential impact of a nationwide comprehensive smoking ban (CSB) legislation on the incidence of AMI hospital admissions is not known. The aim of this analysis is to determine the impact of a nationwide CSB legislation on the incidence of AMI hospitalizations. Methods: We contacted the department of health at states with no CSB law for information on the total number of AMI discharges (ICD-9-CM 410), length of stay and charges in dollars for 2007. Expected decrease in the number of AMI in the year following a potential implementation of a nationwide CSB was calculated by multiplying the current number of AMI by the pooled relative risk reduction (RRR) obtained from a recent published meta analysis (RR 0.89). Results: In 2007, 37 States had CSB laws. There were 169,043 AMI hospitalizations in states without CSB. A nationwide smoking ban would result in 18,596 less AMI hospitalizations in the year following such a ban. This is associated with more than 92 million dollars in direct cost savings. Conclusion: A nationwide CSB legislation would result in significant reduction in the number of AMI hospitalizations. This is associated with significant cost saving. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of CSB on admission from other disease states.

scholarly journals Evaluation of community coalition training effects on youth hospital-admitted injury incidence in Victoria, Australia: 2001–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf ◽  
Bosco Rowland ◽  
Nicola Reavley ◽  
Barbara Minuzzo ◽  
John Toumbourou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundInjuries are one of the three leading causes of morbidity and mortality for young people internationally. Although community risk factors are modifiable causes of youth injury, there has been limited evaluation of community interventions. Communities That Care (CTC) offers a coalition training process to increase evidence-based practices that reduce youth injury risk factors.MethodUsing a non-experimental design, this study made use of population-based hospital admissions data to evaluate the impact on injuries for 15 communities that implemented CTC between 2001 and 2017 in Victoria, Australia. Negative binomial regression models evaluated trends in injury admissions (all, unintentional and transport), comparing CTC and non-CTC communities across different age groups.ResultsStatistically significant relative reductions in all hospital injury admissions in 0–4 year olds were associated with communities completing the CTC process and in 0–19 year olds when communities began their second cycle of CTC. When analysed by subgroup, a similar pattern was observed with unintentional injuries but not with transport injuries.ConclusionThe findings support CTC coalition training as an intervention strategy for preventing youth hospital injury admissions. However, future studies should consider stronger research designs, confirm findings in different community contexts, use other data sources and evaluate intervention mechanisms.

scholarly journals A closer look at the epidemiology of schizophrenia and common mental disorders in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Randhall Bruce Carteri ◽  
Jean Pierre Oses ◽  
Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso ◽  
Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health System ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Hospital Expenses ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT. Schizophrenia and common mental disorders are noteworthy social and economic concern worldwide. Epidemiologic studies on the impact of specific mental disorders in emerging countries are scarce. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the demographic, social, and economic burden of schizophrenia and common mental disorders patients in the health system in Brazil. Methods: Data on these conditions in Brazil between 2008 and 2019 were collected through the website of the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System - DATASUS) maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Mean annual hospital admissions were 154,009.67, and cumulative incidence of 77.44 admissions per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: Average annual hospital expenses were US$ 67,216,056.04, with an average admission cost of US$ 432.58. The most affected age groups were older adults albeit younger individuals showed a trend towards increase of occurrences in recent years. There were a higher number of admissions in men compared to women. Conclusions: We consider the results obtained important to assist in evaluating and guiding public policies regarding the prevention and treatment in health systems.

scholarly journals A theory of mindfulness caring in community health nursing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Suwarsi Suwarsi ◽  
Elizabeth C. Baua
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adolescent Behavior ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

Most adolescent mortality and morbidity is preventable or treatable, but adolescents face specific barriers in accessing health information and services. The problems in the community in the youth group are free sex behaviour, the use of alcohol and drugs. This research to develop a caring theory model that can be applied by community nurses in the community in enhancing the awareness of adolescent age groups in the community. Research method used conceptual paper are based on previous research that the author has done (4 articles) and combines the literature review (7 results) that the author has done from April-November 2020. Result in this research indicate that the theory will become the bases or foundation for nurses to become mindful of their role as community health nurses. They need to optimize their Role in Caring for community adolescents in addressing societal problems like drug abuse, teenage pregnancy. Public awareness involves collaboration between governments by making people aware of existing laws and policies. National strategies and action plans for adolescent-specific health policies; Health management: health human resources, health facilities, networks: community health cadres, school communities; Family and peers are needed to increase awareness of adolescent behaviour so that through caring a sense of empathy and youth will be realized. Conclution in this research is nurses can apply the theory of mindfulness caring. Problems related to adolescent behavior can be overcome with cooperation in various sectors, so awareness by these sectors is the key in preventing the impact of deviant adolescent behavior.

scholarly journals Unpredictable Fall of Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital Admissions During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Experience of a Single Large Center in Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Toniolo ◽  
Francesco Negri ◽  
Marco Antonutti ◽  
Marco Masè ◽  
Domenico Facchin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
The Impact

Background Northern Italy is one of the epicenters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV 2) pandemic in Europe. The impact of the pandemic and the consequent lockdown on medical emergencies other than those SARS‐CoV 2 pandemic related is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hospital admission for severe emergent cardiovascular diseases ( SECD s) in a single Northern Italy large tertiary referral center. Methods and Results We quantified SECD s admissions to the Cardiology Division of Udine University Hospital between March 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020 and compared them with those of the same time frame during 2019. Compared with March 2019, we observed a significant reduction in all SECD s admissions: −30% for ST ‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes, −66% for non‐ ST ‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes and −50% for severe bradyarrhythmia. Conclusions A significant decrease in all SECD s admissions has been observed during the SARS‐CoV 2. pandemic and was unlikely caused by a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Fear of contagion may have contributed to the unpredictable drop of SECD s. Social education about early recognition of symptoms of life‐threatening cardiac conditions requiring appropriate care in a timely fashion may help to reduce this counterproductive phenomenon.

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