Agricultural Productivity and Urbanization: Evidence from Grain and Tobacco Production Efficiency in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5172-5183
Author(s):  
Ma Jing ◽  
Li Qing
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Impact

This paperbased on grain production efficiency and tobacco production efficiency studies the impact of agricultural productivity on urbanization in open economy. Theoretically, a theoretical model allowing biased technological progress is constructed. The research finds that when technological progress is labor-saving technological progress, the improvement of agricultural productivity can significantly improve the level of urbanization. Empirically, using The Panel data of Chinese cities from 2000 to 2014, the empirical study finds that The improvement of grain production efficiency and the improvement of tobacco as a cash crop production efficiency will significantly improve the urbanization rate, and each standard deviation increase of agricultural productivity will increase the urbanization rate by about 4-9.6 percentage points, or about 12-30%. The above findings are robust and hold even after using instrumental variables and introducing more control variables. The research of this paper shows that the improvement of staple grain production efficiency and cash crop production efficiency can effectively improve the level of urbanization in China. Under the new normal of the economy, implementing the rural revitalization strategy and continuing to improve the efficiency of agricultural production is conducive to further improving the urbanization rate and boosting high-quality economic development.

Precision Agriculture for Grain Production Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Whelan ◽  
James Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an approach to managing the variability in production agriculture in a more economic and environmentally efficient manner. It has been pioneered as a management tool in the grains industry, and while its development and uptake continues to grow amongst grain farmers worldwide, a broad range of other cropping industries have embraced the concept. This book explains general PA theory, identifies and describes essential tools and techniques, and includes practical examples from the grains industry. Readers will gain an understanding of the magnitude, spatial scale and seasonality of measurable variability in soil attributes, plant growth and environmental conditions. They will be introduced to the role of sensing systems in measuring crop, soil and environment variability, and discover how this variability may have a significant impact on crop production systems. Precision Agriculture for Grain Production Systems will empower crop and soil science students, agronomy and agricultural engineering students, as well as agronomic advisors and farmers to critically analyse the impact of observed variation in resources on crop production and management decisions.

scholarly journals Specialization issues of production of agrarian enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 06056
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vlasenko ◽  
Vitaliy Vlasovets ◽  
Sergiy Timofeev ◽  
Anna Кravets
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the combination of branches of livestock farming and crop production within agrarian enterprises creates a certain complexity in the use of material, labour and land resources and makes it necessary to create an optimal ratio on the basis of the formation of the most perspective and efficient industries. However, the contradictory and controversial nature of the data on the impact of various interconnected factors, the presence of primarily theoretical modelling while determining the optimal level of specialization of agrarian enterprises does not allow to achieve a given level of efficiency and efficiency of functioning performance Therefore, the purpose of the research is to provide scientific substantiation of the efficiency improving directions of agrarian enterprises through their specialization improvement. They are the empirical basis of the structured choice of directions to increase the functioning efficiency of agrarian enterprises. For the crop production industry, the main direction that will increase the management efficiency is the crops productivity increase due to the production profitability increase for the most management conditions. It was determined that regional features are important for plant cultivation and animal husbandry sectors while determining the influence factors on specialization. It was found out that for both industries, the negative impact of labour security and ineffective management practices are typical, and state support through subsidies for agricultural enterprises does not guarantee the increase in the production efficiency.

scholarly journals Assessment of the economic efficiency of the innovative development of industrial enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Natalia Shchepkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
The Impact

The savings received from the implementation of innovative measures are usually associated with the results of other measures regarding the expansion of production capabilities. In this regard, it is advisable to consider the impact of innovative development of an enterprise on the efficiency of its activities in the framework of studying the economic efficiency of scientific and technological progress and its impact on reducing costs and not using effective innovations in production. The canonical correlation method is used, which allows one to simultaneously analyze the systems of indicators of production efficiency and the factors that define it. To analyze and assess the efficiency of the innovative development of an enterprise, an optimal combination of factors for its increase is proposed, based on the fact that many factors affecting the efficiency of economic activity, together with the complexity of their relationships, have optimal ranges of actions.

scholarly journals The influence of the level of production intensity on the formation of an effective cost structure in crop production

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Dmytro Shyian ◽  
Nataliia Lialina ◽  
Kateryna Honcharova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between the level of yield and the absolute and relative value of production costs of wheat, dredge corn, sunflower. Research methods. In the course of research a dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, a monographic method (analysis of scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of theory and practice of ensuring effective cost formation in agricultural enterprises). From special research methods abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions), economic-statistical (at definition of influence of level of intensity on size and efficiency of expenses of the basic kinds of crop production, establishment of character of their dependence), graphic (at construction of graphic images of researched processes) were used. Research results. As a result of the study, it was established how the intensity of production affects the formation of production efficiency of major crops (wheat, dredge corn, sunflower). The nature and degree of dependence between the level of yield of the main crops and the absolute and relative value of their production costs are also determined. The obtained results make it possible to form the preconditions for ensuring the development of agriculture, in particular the crop sector. Scientific novelty. The quantitative assessment of the impact of production intensity on the formation of cost-effectiveness in crop production, with a justification for changing their absolute and relative structure, was further developed. Practical significance. The practical significance of the obtained results is that their use will promote the agricultural deve-lopment, in particular crop production; improving the efficiency of existing enterprises. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 15.

187 Forage Agronomists Are Needed in Animal Science Departments

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Michael L Looper ◽  
John A Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Student Development ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Abstract Ruminants serve a valuable role in sustainable agricultural systems, specifically in the conversion of renewable resources from grasslands, pasture, and other by-products into edible human food. Recognizing forage and grasses are grown on 25% of arable land, suitable agronomic practices for grazing livestock are necessary to minimize water and soil erosion. Demographics of Animal Science students have changed over the last several years with more students from urban backgrounds and with interests other than traditional animal agriculture. This makes continued emphasis on education programs supporting the grazing livestock industry that much more important. However, for many reasons, universities place less emphasis on training Ph.D. students in forage agronomy. Based on an email survey of 10 land grant institutions, typically one M.S. student/yr and one Ph.D. student/3–4 yr graduates with an advanced degree in forage agronomy. Most departments have experienced dramatic budget reductions. Challenges with funding faculty positions outside of a department’s emphasis area typically results in the question “Should forage agronomy students be trained in Departments of Animal Science or Crop/Soils Science?” It could be argued that either department is the best fit. Forage agronomy requires training in the basics of plant and soil science, but the application of those sciences relate more to animal science and animal production than to traditional crop production such as cereal grains. Departments of Animal Science must communicate the meaningful context of forage agronomy in an active learning environment developing students’ ability to critically think and solve problems. Those providing technical expertise to livestock producers can no longer make recommendations based solely on production efficiency and profitability. Instead, best management practices must include the impact of grazing livestock on the environment. Cooperative agreements between departments should be discussed to adequately support student development in this critical subject matter.

scholarly journals Requirements to methodology of systematic economic analysis and evaluation of manufacturing and economic activities of technical enterprises, scientific-industrial associations

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Serhii TKACHENKO ◽  
Olena POTYSHNIAK ◽  
Yevheniia POLIAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

It is proved that the qualitative changes occurring in our national economic system urgently require a more modern approach to the methodological support of the subsystem (function) of analytical processing of technical and economic information data (systematic economic analysis and evaluation) and to the criteria of evaluation of economic (economic) production efficiency-economic activity of industrial enterprises and scientific-industrial associations of the state. In the methodological support, special attention should be paid to the main aspects of the development of the production process, which in modern conditions are especially important for improving its economic efficiency (productivity). It is substantiated that the most important from the practical point of view of management issues should be concentrated in the process of improving the subsystem (function) of planning and enhancing the impact of the production and economic mechanism on improving the economic efficiency of the production process and quality of work and the widespread use of new methods of management and increase their influence, to accelerate scientific and technological progress. It is argued that, at the present stage, the first place is not just studying the performance of indicators and criteria for assessing the optimality (quality) provided by the plans, as was the case in the recent past, but the study of scientific validity and intensity of planned tasks, the study of the dynamics of economic (economic) growth efficiency of the industrial production process as a result of accelerated implementation of scientific and technological progress, improvement of quality characteristics and technical parameters of the finished product This means that the full utilization of all in-house reserves and the potential to intensify the development of modern industrial production.

scholarly journals Prerequisites and prospects for sustainable development of grain production in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Andriy Skrypnyk ◽  
Nataliia Klymenko ◽  
Kateryna Tuzhyk ◽  
Liudmyla Galaieva ◽  
Kostiantyn Rohoza
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the benefits of the chosen strategy of agribusiness (profit maximization, or yield maximization) based on the statistical observations of yields and production factors (fertilizers, plant protection products). Methodology / approach. To analyze productivity growth in grain production under the influence of innovative technologies the data of long-term observations of winter wheat yield in Germany and the United States were selected. In this paper, to analyze the prerequisites and prospects for stabilizing of the crop production, mineral fertilizers and plant protection products were selected as production factors affecting the yield of wheat. Methods of time series analysis and nonlinear econometric analysis were used to assess the impact of these factors. Long-term trends of growth of wheat yields in Germany, the USA and Ukraine were analyzed using regression models. The general model of agrarian business profitability in grain production is based on non-linear correlations of individual factors of intensification and panel regression. In order to substantiate the conclusions of the calculation, the estimation of climatic risks is used. For this purpose, dispersion methods, nonlinear optimization methodology are used. Results. Estimates of wheat yield fluctuations due to climate risks show that they will not significantly affect the problem of food security, so there is no need to impose restrictions on the export of wheat. On the choice of optimal strategy, based on analysis using econometric model of decreasing marginal utility of production resources, it is proved that the maximization of yields is achieved at lower costs than profit maximization. Originality / scientific novelty. The main contribution of the article to the level of application is to analyze the impact of production factors on wheat yield, taking into account climatic risk and reducing the marginal utility of production factors. At the theoretical level of the study, it represents a contribution to the discussion of the vectors of the optimal path of wheat production in Ukraine. Analysis of data on wheat yield variability in Germany and the USA showed correlation of profitability and risk (indicators of expected yield and its variance). However, this means that an increase in wheat yields in Ukraine will also increase its variability and therefore requires the implementation of a long-term strategy that can ensure stable growth. Practical value / implications. Based on the above calculations, it should be emphasized that the Ukrainian agrarian business (in particular, crop production) is developing its own way, not following the development path of Germany or the USA. However, some peculiarities of the development can be highlighted. After a rather long recession, the agricultural sector has embarked on a path of stable growth with an annual increase in wheat yields of around 1 hundred kg/ha. Furthermore, the extremely low proportion of forested land in Ukraine by European standards significantly increases the impact of weather and climate risks. Therefore, a further intensification of crop production while increasing the share of forested land at the expense of less productive land is probably the way to an ecologically balanced development of agriculture.

scholarly journals Can Industrial Integration Improve the Sustainability of Grain Security?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13618
Author(s):  
Chen Cao ◽  
Xueyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Grain Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panel Tobit Model

The sustainability to ensure grain security is an important issue that China’s government faces. It has become more important to ensure grain security by improving the efficiency of grain production under the constraints of limited resources. At present, industrial integration has become an important trend of economic development in China. This study explores the impact of industrial integration on the sustainability of grain security from the perspective of grain production efficiency. In this paper, the grain production efficiency was measured by stochastic frontier analysis method. The degree of industrial integration is measured by the coupling coordination method. Additionally, the effect of industrial integration on grain production efficiency is empirically studied by the panel tobit model. Empirical results show that industrial integration can promote the improvement of grain production efficiency, which reveals that accelerating industrial integration can also be conducive to grain security.

The Role of Research and Innovation in the Transformation of Agri-Food Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandu ◽  
Stefan Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Abstract Agri-food systems include branching ramifications, which connect in the upstream the input suppliers with farmers, and downstream farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. In the last decades, at the level of the regions, food systems have undergone rapid transformation as a result of technological progress. The paper analyzes the changes made to the structure, behavior and performance of the agri-food system and the impact on farmers and consumers. Also, the role of agricultural research as a determinant factor of transformation of agri-food system is analyzed. The research objective is to develop technologies that cover the entire food chain (from farm to fork) and meet the specific requirements of consumers (from fork to farm) through scientific solutions in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture and ensuring the safety and food safety of the population.

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