scholarly journals The influence of the level of production intensity on the formation of an effective cost structure in crop production

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Dmytro Shyian ◽  
Nataliia Lialina ◽  
Kateryna Honcharova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between the level of yield and the absolute and relative value of production costs of wheat, dredge corn, sunflower. Research methods. In the course of research a dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, a monographic method (analysis of scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of theory and practice of ensuring effective cost formation in agricultural enterprises). From special research methods abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions), economic-statistical (at definition of influence of level of intensity on size and efficiency of expenses of the basic kinds of crop production, establishment of character of their dependence), graphic (at construction of graphic images of researched processes) were used. Research results. As a result of the study, it was established how the intensity of production affects the formation of production efficiency of major crops (wheat, dredge corn, sunflower). The nature and degree of dependence between the level of yield of the main crops and the absolute and relative value of their production costs are also determined. The obtained results make it possible to form the preconditions for ensuring the development of agriculture, in particular the crop sector. Scientific novelty. The quantitative assessment of the impact of production intensity on the formation of cost-effectiveness in crop production, with a justification for changing their absolute and relative structure, was further developed. Practical significance. The practical significance of the obtained results is that their use will promote the agricultural deve-lopment, in particular crop production; improving the efficiency of existing enterprises. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 15.

Yield or profit: alternatives to the development of national crop production

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Dmytro Zherlitsyn ◽  
Andrii Skrypnyk ◽  
Nataliia Klymenko ◽  
Kateryna Tuzhyk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Production Research ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine with the help of econometric and optimization methods the priority strategies of agrarian business in the field of crop production and to compare with the existing leaders in the use of innovations in the field of crop production. Research methods. The study is based on the use of econometric analysis methods to build trends in grain yield dynamics in leading countries in the use of innovative agricultural technologies and optimization methods for the study of dominant strategies used by agricultural enterprises in crop production. Research results. As a result of using the declining marginal grain yield depending on the amount of costs, which are determined by the cost of importing technology per 1 ha, the optimal cost values for both maximum yield and maximum profit. It is shown that at certain time intervals the costs of farmers were excessively high not only in terms of profit optimization but also to optimize yields. It is assumed that taking into account the latest innovation trends, agribusiness will move to a strategy of profit maximization Scientific novelty. As a result of econometric analysis it is shown that the use as a target function of yield leads to a significant increase in the variability of this indicator, while a moderate increase in yield is accompanied by significantly less variability. Quantitative indicators of the impact of climate risks on grain yields in Ukraine have been obtained, which explain approximately 50% of the variance in the grain yield indicator in Ukraine. Practical significance. It is shown that the representation of marginal yield in the form of a decreasing linear function is confirmed in practice. Further research, which in the presence of detailed information on the production processes of individual enterprises can be conducted by panel regression (observation points are spaced in space and time), can provide a more detailed picture of the efficiency of individual production components in their areas of interaction. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 19.

scholarly journals MODERN LENDING OF AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Zhuravleva ◽  
Tatiana Batrakova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to study the main problems of lending to agro-industrial enterprises with state support in market relations and propose measures to implement a new mechanism of subsidized and compensatory budget support for agriculture, aimed at its effective functioning. Historically, Ukraine is an agro-industrial country with rich natural resources and opportunities. However, to make a decent profit, the agro-industrial complex needs regular cash infusions and complete modernization. Given these factors, farmers in Ukraine are increasingly resorting to such an ancillary method as a loan for agricultural development. The long history of the Ukrainian economy, multiplied by current trends in crop production and animal husbandry, forces banks to consider lending to agriculture as a promising profitable business, which can and should be lent. The urgency of the study is due to the growing need to address one of the priority sectors of the economy-agriculture, by increasing the role and availability of credit for farmers, improving lending conditions, improving the efficiency of monetary institutions lending to agricultural enterprises, as well as development forms of their support. Problems of improving the lending system, investment activity of enterprises, lending mechanism and state regulation in the field of agriculture were covered in the works of a number of scientists and practitioners: G. Bezorna, H. Borkhunov, I. Buzdalov, A. Gataulin, A. Golovanov, A. Gordeeva, L. Kolichev, K. Koroleva, A. Kupavykh, D. Murzin, E. Mezentsev, A. Ponomareva, E. Sagaidak, A. Sidoruk, Y. Trushin, D. Epstein and some others. In the foreign economic literature, the main attention is paid to the forms of state support for agricultural producers, assessment of the impact of subsidies in terms of efficient use of public funds and the functioning of agricultural banks, but at the level of microfinance. These problems are reflected in the works of foreign authors: N. Gow, K. Hoff, M. Zeller, A. Sarris, J. Swinnen, J. Stiglitz, J. Yaron, M. Schreiner, Le Min Tu, and others. The changing conditions of the market environment pose new challenges to the subjects of credit relations, and then there are problems of agricultural lending in the changing conditions of the country’s economy, which need to be addressed. Formulation of the goals of the article (task statement). The purpose of the article is to generalize the theory and practice of agricultural lending when there are new economic relations, financial and credit opportunities of the Ukrainian economy.

scholarly journals Problems of Identification and Analysis of Transaction Costs at the Economic Entity Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (524) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
T. V. Herasymenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

The article is aimed at identifying and analyzing transaction costs when making management decisions at the level of an economic entity. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: grouping – in determining the main forms of transaction costs based on existing classifications; generalization – when systematizing information on the identification of approaches to the assessment and measurement of transaction costs; structural and logical – to determine the place of transaction costs in the structure of the enterprise’s costs; analysis and synthesis – to substantiate the recommendations for displaying information on the level of transaction costs at the enterprise in financial statements. The main forms of transaction costs on the basis of existing classifications are researched. Information on identification of approaches to valuation and measurement of transaction costs is systematized. The place of transaction costs in the structure of the enterprise’s expenses is determined. Recommendations on displaying information on transaction costs at the enterprise in the financial statements on the basis of their occurrence in a certain sphere of activity of the market entity (transaction costs of operational, financial, investment activities) are substantiated, which represents the scientific novelty of the research. It is concluded that the institutional approach, in particular application of the theory of transaction costs before their valuation and preparation of financial statements, allows not only identifying possible solutions to existing problems in accounting theory and practice, but also seting fundamentally new tasks that require non-standard solutions. The practical significance of the obtained research results is to determine the impact of transaction costs on the efficiency of the functioning of market entities and substantiate recommendations for displaying information about their level at the enterprise in financial statements.

Agricultural Productivity and Urbanization: Evidence from Grain and Tobacco Production Efficiency in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5172-5183
Author(s):  
Ma Jing ◽  
Li Qing
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Impact

This paperbased on grain production efficiency and tobacco production efficiency studies the impact of agricultural productivity on urbanization in open economy. Theoretically, a theoretical model allowing biased technological progress is constructed. The research finds that when technological progress is labor-saving technological progress, the improvement of agricultural productivity can significantly improve the level of urbanization. Empirically, using The Panel data of Chinese cities from 2000 to 2014, the empirical study finds that The improvement of grain production efficiency and the improvement of tobacco as a cash crop production efficiency will significantly improve the urbanization rate, and each standard deviation increase of agricultural productivity will increase the urbanization rate by about 4-9.6 percentage points, or about 12-30%. The above findings are robust and hold even after using instrumental variables and introducing more control variables. The research of this paper shows that the improvement of staple grain production efficiency and cash crop production efficiency can effectively improve the level of urbanization in China. Under the new normal of the economy, implementing the rural revitalization strategy and continuing to improve the efficiency of agricultural production is conducive to further improving the urbanization rate and boosting high-quality economic development.

Digitalization and digital platform in the economic development of the agricultural sector

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 314 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Liubov Vodianka ◽  
Tetiana Yurii
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to reveal the modern significance of digitalization and digital platforms for the economic development of the subjects of the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. The following methods were used in the research process, in particular: abstract-logical method (when studying the theoretical foundations of digitalization of the economy), monographic (to clarify the essence of the relevant categories), comparative analysis (when studying the level of digitalization of agricultural holdings «Dream» and «Svarog West Group») economic-statistical (in identifying trends and patterns of development of the state economy), illustrative (for a visual representation of the digital platform of agriculture), as well as methods of systematic approach, grouping and generalization, other methods in the field of economic research. Research results. The need to use a digital platform, especially for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, has been identified. In particular, this system will allow: public authorities (to make a plan of visits and yields; to report on the allocation of subsidies, as well as their use; to conduct a financial audit for each enterprise; to assess the competitive advantages of each enterprise; enterprises (to analyze data from weather stations; to study information on the condition of soils; choose crops for sowing; assess the risks of crop loss; obtain data on climatic risks). Scientific novelty. Theoretical provisions on the impact of digitalization of the economy on agricultural production and the need for digitalization of production and economic processes have been further developed. Practical significance. As a result of the implementation of the proposed digital platform in agriculture, the following benefits will be obtained: increased crop yields; the field planning system will improve; reduce production costs based on efficient use of resources and science-based approaches Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.

scholarly journals Does Farmland Scale Management Promote Rural Collective Action? An Empirical Study of Canal Irrigation Systems in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Liangzhen Zang ◽  
Yahua Wang ◽  
Yiqing Su
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Rural Public Goods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Scale Management

Farmland scale management represents an inevitable trend toward global modern agriculture. In the new development context, the key to solving the tough problem of the insufficient supply of rural public goods is to effectively improve the enthusiasm of farming households to participate in rural collective action in countries with a small arable area per capita, such as India, China and countries in Eastern Europe. This paper adopts the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework in the context of a land system with Chinese characteristics, and uses sample data of 3663 rural households in 17 provinces to study the impact of farmland scale and various relevant systems on farming households’ participation in rural collective action. We found that the advantages of collective action, such as reduced production costs, enhanced risk resistance and improved production efficiency, can offset the disadvantages incurred by free-riding behavior, and the expansion of farmland scale can significantly facilitate rural collective action. Additionally, as the farmland scale expands, stable farmland tenure and reasonable farmland tenure transfer can help to optimize the allocation of arable land resources, increase investment, and reduce free-riding behavior, thus effectively stimulating farming households to actively participate in collective action. However, since socialized agricultural services lead to the separation of the suppliers and the users of rural public goods, the expansion of farmland scale shows a negative effect. Therefore, in the context of the continuous migration of the rural population to cities, a stable farmland tenure adjustment mechanism should be established, while the balance between farmland tenure transfer and socialized agricultural services, in pushing forward rural collective action, should be emphasized, so as to ensure the effective supply of rural public goods in propelling farmland scale management. Especially in promoting the development of socialized agricultural services, more attention should be paid to specifying the responsibilities and obligations of the main provider of commercialized services in the supply of rural public goods.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the influence of expenses on the results of agricultural enterprises functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Maryna POLENKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Impact

The paper defines the dynamics of agricultural production. The importance of rational distribution of production costs and capital investments of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. The sequence of application of the method of multifactor dynamic regression modeling is outlined. The influence of the main groups of production costs and capital investments on the results of enterprises specializing in crop production and animal husbandry is calculated. Control over production costs is a necessary condition for the functioning of every agricultural enterprise, farm or household. Thus development of investment potential for effective activity demands optimization of use of resources, in particular rational distribution of production expenses and capital investments. The study identified the impact of the main groups of production costs and capital investment on the results of enterprises specializing in crop production and separately for livestock products. The method of multifactor dynamic regression modeling, in particular dynamic balance cross-sectional regression, was used. In the process of applying this method, large-scale general samples were formed from 832 observations in crop production and from 576 observations in animal husbandry. All calculations were performed in the software environment Statistica 10.0. To increase the objectivity of the results of the study, all cost indicators are translated into US dollars and logarithmized. The results for the three dependent variables show the statistical significance of the calculations. Above average, the impact on the volume of output, value added and sales of enterprises specializing in crop production during 2012–2019 are characterized by the volume of material costs and costs of services used in production. Below the average level of impact on the value added of enterprises is the average number of employees in full-time equivalent. Statistical significance is also observed for the three dependent variables. The high level of impact on the volume of output and the volume of sales of enterprises specializing in animal husbandry during 2012–2019 is marked by the volume of labor costs. This, in turn, is due to the large amount of manual labor in animal husbandry. The average level of impact is characterized by the amount of material costs and costs of services used in production. The reverse effect (below average) is made by contributions to social activities.

Banning of herbicides and the impact on agriculture: the case of glyphosate in Sri Lanka

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Buddhi Marambe ◽  
Swarna Herath
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlyphosate, a widely used preplant herbicide in annual and perennial crops, was introduced to Sri Lanka in 1977. Its use has expanded since 2008 with the phase-out and ban in 2014 of paraquat. In December 2014, glyphosate use in Sri Lanka was regionally restricted. Crop protection and production in the country was severely affected in 2016 and 2017 due to the irrational decisions of the government of Sri Lanka (GoSL). Increased crop production costs due to the absence of effective and economically viable weed control techniques, low crop yields, loss of foreign exchange, and enhanced use of smuggled glyphosate products are the consequences of the glyphosate ban. The ban was imposed without a scientific basis because of sociopolitical pressure. A series of dialogues with the GoSL helped rescind the ban in 2018 for a period of 36 mo, but its use is limited to tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz.] and rubber [Hevia brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.]. In August 2019, the Cabinet of Ministers of the GoSL also decided to allow use of glyphosate to devitalize propagules in the floriculture industry (export oriented) and destroy coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) trees infected by Weligama coconut leaf wilt disease and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) infected by white leaf disease. However, glyphosate products with the co-formulant polyethoxylated tallow amine are still not permitted in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Specialization issues of production of agrarian enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 06056
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vlasenko ◽  
Vitaliy Vlasovets ◽  
Sergiy Timofeev ◽  
Anna Кravets
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the combination of branches of livestock farming and crop production within agrarian enterprises creates a certain complexity in the use of material, labour and land resources and makes it necessary to create an optimal ratio on the basis of the formation of the most perspective and efficient industries. However, the contradictory and controversial nature of the data on the impact of various interconnected factors, the presence of primarily theoretical modelling while determining the optimal level of specialization of agrarian enterprises does not allow to achieve a given level of efficiency and efficiency of functioning performance Therefore, the purpose of the research is to provide scientific substantiation of the efficiency improving directions of agrarian enterprises through their specialization improvement. They are the empirical basis of the structured choice of directions to increase the functioning efficiency of agrarian enterprises. For the crop production industry, the main direction that will increase the management efficiency is the crops productivity increase due to the production profitability increase for the most management conditions. It was determined that regional features are important for plant cultivation and animal husbandry sectors while determining the influence factors on specialization. It was found out that for both industries, the negative impact of labour security and ineffective management practices are typical, and state support through subsidies for agricultural enterprises does not guarantee the increase in the production efficiency.

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