Programación metabólica de la eficiencia alimentaria en corderos: efecto de la restricción de alimento en la etapa de lactancia y mecanismos moleculares implicados = Metabolic programming of lamb feed efficiency: effect of feed restriction during the suckling period and molecular mechanisms involved

This study aimed to assess the effect of quantitative dietary restriction during refeeding on the performance, body chemical composition, and deposition, weight gain of organs and carcass parts of quails reared for meat (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 144 quails, between 11 to 42 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, 4x2 factorial scheme, at four levels of feed restriction (ad libitum, 30%, 50% and 70% restrictions on the daily intake ad libitum) for both genders. Therefore, there was eight treatments with three replicates and six birds each. At the tenth day of age, the animals were housed in cages, where remained for four days under adaptation. Dietary restriction was applied between the days 15 and 35 while refeeding was carried out from day 36 to 42. Compensatory weight gain (CWG), i.e. weight gain of organs and carcass parts, and feed efficiency (FE) were improved for quails under feed restriction. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat in females (FDf) and carcass retained energy in females (CREf) increased linearly as restriction levels decreased. Maximum estimates of feed intake for males (MFIm), compensatory weight gain for males (CWGm) and females (CWGf), feed efficiency for males (FEm), protein deposition for males (PDm) and carcass retained energy in males (CREm) were obtained with restriction levels of 43.56%, 30.56%, 63.93%, 62.63%, 80.25%, 1.94% and 09.34% if compared to ad libitum, respectively. As a result, we concluded that according to quantitative feed restriction level, significant increases in feed efficiency and body weight gain, as well as decreases in carcass fat throughout quail refeeding period. As for gender, given the existing sexual dimorphism, females lost greater body weight than males under dietary restriction, besides showing higher protein and fat gains in the carcass and an enhanced feed efficiency during refeeding.

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Feed Restriction Reveals Distinct Serum Metabolome Profiles in Chickens Divergent in Feed Efficiency Traits

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo9020038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Metzler-Zebeli ◽

Sina-Catherine Siegerstetter ◽

Elizabeth Magowan ◽

Peadar Lawlor ◽

Niamh O’Connell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Almost All

Restrictive feeding influences systemic metabolism of nutrients; however, this impact has not been evaluated in chickens of diverging feed efficiency. This study investigated the effect of ad libitum versus restrictive feeding (85% of ad libitum) on the serum metabolome and white blood cell composition in chickens of diverging residual feed intake (RFI; metric for feed efficiency). Blood samples were collected between days 33 and 37 post-hatch. While serum glucose was similar, serum uric acid and cholesterol were indicative of the nutritional status and chicken’s RFI, respectively. Feed restriction and RFI rank caused distinct serum metabolome profiles, whereby restrictive feeding also increased the blood lymphocyte proportion. Most importantly, 10 amino acids were associated with RFI rank in birds, whereas restrictive feeding affected almost all detected lysophosphatidylcholines, with 3 being higher and 6 being lower in restrictively compared to ad libitum fed chickens. As indicated by relevance networking, isoleucine, lysine, valine, histidine, and ornithine were the most discriminant for high RFI, whereas 3 biogenic amines (carnosine, putrescine, and spermidine) and 3 diacyl-glycerophospholipids (38:4, 38:5, and 40:5) positively correlated with feed intake and body weight gain, respectively. Only for taurine, feed intake mostly explained the RFI-associated variation, whereas for most metabolites, other host physiological factors played a greater role for the RFI-associated differences, and was potentially related to insulin-signaling, phospholipase A2, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Alterations in the hepatic synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and the need for precursors for gluconeogenesis due to varying energy demand may explain the marked differences in serum metabolite profiles in ad libitum and restrictively fed birds.

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Effect Of L-Thyroxin Hormone (T4) On Compensatory Growth In Broiler Chicks

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007407 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 84-84

Author(s):

A. Hassanabadi ◽

A. golian

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Specific Dynamic Action ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Heat Increment ◽

Maintenance Requirements

Purpose of researches in feed restriction area is improvement of feed efficiency, decrease of carcass fat content and abdominal fat pad size (Plavnik and Hurvitz,1991).Birds after early life feed restriction have less maintenance requirements due to decrease of heat increment and decrease of basal metabolic rate and specific dynamic action of food (Forsum et al.,1981).In many investigations, compensatory growth have not observed (Summers et al.,1990).It seems administration of Thyroid hormone after feed restriction can induce compensatory growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of early feed restriction and L-Thyroxin administration after early feed restriction on compensatory growth in broiler chickens.

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Transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie feed efficiency in meat-type chickens

Molecular Genetics and Genomics ◽

10.1007/s00438-015-1025-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 290 (5) ◽

pp. 1673-1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jeeyoung Lee ◽

Arthur B. Karnuah ◽

Romdhane Rekaya ◽

Nicholas B. Anthony ◽

Samuel E. Aggrey

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Transcriptomic Analysis ◽

Meat Type

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Growth and feed conversion of Jersey and Friesian bulls in relation to plane of nutrition

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9710829 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 829 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

TF Leche

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Mature Size

Sixty Jersey and 48 Friesian bull calves were reared from birth on either of two planes of nutrition. A milk replacer and a concentrate diet were given before and after weaning respectively. The Jerseys were weaned at 45 kg and the Friesians at 77 kg. At liveweights arranged in logarithmic progression between birth and 249 kg, three calves of each treatment group were killed for analysis of body composition. Before and after weaning, the Friesians grew more rapidly than the Jerseys on the same treatment. They were also more efficient in terms of feed intake per liveweight gain. Similarly, calves of both breeds on the high plane of nutrition grew faster and more efficiently than the corresponding calves on the low plane. The growth of the Friesians was affected less by the feed restriction than was that of the Jerseys. After weaning, the feed conversion efficiency of the Friesians did not change significantly with increasing liveweight. Feed efficiency was reduced in the Jerseys as they grew larger. These results are compared with others from the literature and are discussed in relation to the difference in mature size between these breeds.

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PSXIII-30 Analysis of gene expression profiles in liver and muscle tissue of pigs divergent in feed efficiency

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.933 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 475-475

Author(s):

Stafford Vigors ◽

Torres Sweeney

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Immune Function ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Protein Targeting ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Cell Signalling ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Joint Analysis

Abstract The improvement of feed efficiency is a key economic goal within the pig production industry. The objective of this study was to examine transcriptomic differences in both the liver and muscle in pigs divergent for feed efficiency, thus improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms influencing feed efficiency and enabling the identification of candidate biomarkers. Residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated in two populations of pigs from two different farms of origin. The 6 most efficient (LRFI) and 6 least efficient (HRFI) animals in each population were selected for further analysis of Longissimus Dorsi muscle and liver. Three different analysis were performed: 1) Identification of differentially expressed genes (DE) in liver, 2) Identification of DE genes in muscle and 3) Identification of genes commonly DE in both tissues. Hierarchical clustering revealed that transcriptomic data segregated based on the RFI value of the pig rather than farm of origin. A total of 6464 genes were identified as being differentially expressed (DE) in muscle, while 964 genes were identified as being DE in liver. In the muscle-only analysis, genes associated with RNA, protein synthesis and energy metabolism were downregulated in the LRFI animals while in the liver-only analysis, genes associated with cell signalling and lipid homeostasis were upregulated in the LRFI animals. Genes that were commonly DE between muscle and liver (n = 526) were used for the joint analysis. These 526 genes were associated with protein targeting to membrane, extracellular matrix organization and immune function. There are pathways common to both muscle and liver in particular genes associated with immune function. In contrast, tissue-specific pathways contributing to differences in feed efficiency were also identified with genes associated with energy metabolism identified in muscle and lipid metabolism in liver. This study identifies key mechanisms driving changes in feed efficiency in pigs.

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