WOOD ANATOMICAL STUDIES REVEAL TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE AND PULP POTENTIAL IN FOUR TAXA OF Mussaenda (RUBIACEAE) GROWN IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Felix I. Nwafor ◽  
◽  
Ugochukwu Igwe ◽  
Chidi Ogbonna ◽  
Godswill Ajuziogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Fibre Morphology

Current study was carried out to assess the taxonomic, ecological significance, and paper making potential of four taxa of Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) viz., M. elegans, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. aurorae, and M. ‘Dona Aurora’ through wood anatomical studies. Each of the taxa was collected from its natural region of provenance in two different ecological zones (Derived Savanna and Tropical Rainforest) of Nigeria. Observations from different planes of sections were made and wood maceration was carried out for fibre morphology. Absent to scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma, septate fibres, pitted vessels, storied heterocellular rays, and simple perforation plates were common features in all taxa. However, multiseriate and wider rays distinguished the exotic species from the indigenous species, and the semi-diffuse porous wood pattern was a unique feature in M. ‘Dona Aurora’. Quantitative data showed considerable variations in case of fibre lengths among the four taxa i.e. M. elegans, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. aurorae, and M. ‘Dona Aurora’ and was recorded 0.80 ± 0.02 µm, 0.70 ± 0.05 µm, 0.65 ± 0.03 µm and 0.64 ± 0.04 µm respectively. These observations showed that all species belong to Wood Type II of Rubiaceae and support their inclusion in the Tribe Mussaendeae and Order Ixoroideae. The influence of environmental factors was evident in the significant elongation of wood vessels of samples collected from more humid areas, but with no significant effect on their paper-making potential. More so, M. “Doña Aurora”, had general scores, would be most suitable for pulp and paper making.

scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMICAL STUDIES REVEAL TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE AND PULP POTENTIAL IN FOUR TAXA OF Mussaenda (RUBIACEAE) GROWN IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Felix I. Nwafor ◽  
◽  
Ugochukwu Igwe ◽  
Chidi Ogbonna ◽  
Godswill Ajuziogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Fibre Morphology

Current study was carried out to assess the taxonomic, ecological significance, and paper making potential of four taxa of Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) viz., M. elegans, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. aurorae, and M. ‘Dona Aurora’ through wood anatomical studies. Each of the taxa was collected from its natural region of provenance in two different ecological zones (Derived Savanna and Tropical Rainforest) of Nigeria. Observations from different planes of sections were made and wood maceration was carried out for fibre morphology. Absent to scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma, septate fibres, pitted vessels, storied heterocellular rays, and simple perforation plates were common features in all taxa. However, multiseriate and wider rays distinguished the exotic species from the indigenous species, and the semi-diffuse porous wood pattern was a unique feature in M. ‘Dona Aurora’. Quantitative data showed considerable variations in case of fibre lengths among the four taxa i.e. M. elegans, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. aurorae, and M. ‘Dona Aurora’ and was recorded 0.80 ± 0.02 µm, 0.70 ± 0.05 µm, 0.65 ± 0.03 µm and 0.64 ± 0.04 µm respectively. These observations showed that all species belong to Wood Type II of Rubiaceae and support their inclusion in the Tribe Mussaendeae and Order Ixoroideae. The influence of environmental factors was evident in the significant elongation of wood vessels of samples collected from more humid areas, but with no significant effect on their paper-making potential. More so, M. “Doña Aurora”, had general scores, would be most suitable for pulp and paper making.

WOOD ANATOMICAL STUDIES REVEAL TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE AND PULP POTENTIAL IN FOUR TAXA OF Mussaenda (RUBIACEAE) GROWN IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Felix I. Nwafor ◽  
◽  
Ugochukwu Igwe ◽  
Chidi Ogbonna ◽  
Godswill Ajuziogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Fibre Morphology

Current study was carried out to assess the taxonomic, ecological significance, and paper making potential of four taxa of Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) viz., M. elegans, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. aurorae, and M. ‘Dona Aurora’ through wood anatomical studies. Each of the taxa was collected from its natural region of provenance in two different ecological zones (Derived Savanna and Tropical Rainforest) of Nigeria. Observations from different planes of sections were made and wood maceration was carried out for fibre morphology. Absent to scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma, septate fibres, pitted vessels, storied heterocellular rays, and simple perforation plates were common features in all taxa. However, multiseriate and wider rays distinguished the exotic species from the indigenous species, and the semi-diffuse porous wood pattern was a unique feature in M. ‘Dona Aurora’. Quantitative data showed considerable variations in case of fibre lengths among the four taxa i.e. M. elegans, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. aurorae, and M. ‘Dona Aurora’ and was recorded 0.80 ± 0.02 µm, 0.70 ± 0.05 µm, 0.65 ± 0.03 µm and 0.64 ± 0.04 µm respectively. These observations showed that all species belong to Wood Type II of Rubiaceae and support their inclusion in the Tribe Mussaendeae and Order Ixoroideae. The influence of environmental factors was evident in the significant elongation of wood vessels of samples collected from more humid areas, but with no significant effect on their paper-making potential. More so, M. “Doña Aurora”, had general scores, would be most suitable for pulp and paper making.

scholarly journals Wood micro-morphological characteristics of the Tribe Dalbergieae in Nigeria

Webbia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306
Author(s):  
Deborah Moradeke Chukwuma ◽  
Abiodun Emmanuel Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Systematics ◽  
Transverse Wall ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

The present study examined the wood micro-characters of 18 species of the tribe Dalbergieae across 4 genera in Nigeria,  following previously described methods by other authors. The species are distributed across all geo-ecological zones of the country but more abundant in the southern area which is characterized by higher precipitation. Findings clearly showed that members of the tribe Dalbergieae have more generic/tribal characteristics than delimiting characters. The species have certain unifying characters such as diffuse pore porosity, simple perforation plates, oblique to orthogonal vessel transverse wall inclination, prismatic/styloid crystals, and non-septate fibres. Vessels were longest and widest in D. saxatilis, about 197.89x104.23µm. On the contrary, the shortest was observed in D. hostilis - 67.62 µm while the narrowest was in D. oligophylla (28.4 µm). While fibre length was highest in P. mildbraedii (331.22 µm±7.5) and smallest in D. saxatilis (0.69 µm±0.0), the ray cells were longest in D. saxatilis (185µm) and shortest in P. santalinoides (41.82µm) respectively. We confirm here that anatomical studies should not be neglected in plant systematics, even though molecular approaches have been the focus in recent times.

scholarly journals Agro-ecological Variation in the Growth and Development of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in Nigeria

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 652b-652
Author(s):  
A.O. Olufolaji ◽  
Lanre A. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The pale yellow-seeded Amaranth is virtually a new crop in Nigerian agriculture. Under the sponsorship of the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP), 12 accessions were evaluated for agronomic characters and yield attributes in three agro-ecological zones of the country. The results showed significant variation in the agronomic characters of the accessions. Top accessions recorded average grain yields of 4.5, 3.5, and 2.6 t·ha–1 in Sudan savanna, derived savanna, and guinea savanna zones of the country, respectively. Response of the accessions to qualitative and quantitative characters in the zones are discussed.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and sheep in Zimbabwe

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hove ◽  
P. Lind ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Seroprevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii anti-antibodies in adult goats and sheep from different parts of Zimbabwe were determined. A total of 225 (67.9 %) of the 335 serum samples tested were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies with the indirect fluorescent antibody test. There were differences in antibody seroprevalences among communal land goats from the different agro-ecological zones (Natural regions IIb and III: 80 and 96.7 %, respectively; Natural region IV: 65.9 %; Natural region V: 45 %; and Natural region III had a significantly higher seroprevalence than IV and V. The highest seroprevalences found in Natural regions II b and III are likely to be linked to the existence of more households and hence the possibility of a higher concentration of domestic cats that increases the chances of environmental contamination with their faeces harbouring T. gondii oocysts. The seroprevalence rate in sheep from a large commercial farm (10 %) was significantly lower than that of sheep reared under the communal grazing system (80 %). Overall, significantly higher proportions of seropositive animals had antibody titres of 1:50 (34.2 % of 225) and 1:100 (44 % of 225) as compared to the 9.8 % and 12 % with antibody titres of 1:200 and > 1:400, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of N:K Ratios in Soils on Growth, Nutrient Availability and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
A. O. Bakare
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Screen House ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of N:K ratios applied to soils and the availability of N, K on yield of maize in two distinct ecological zones of Edo state of Nigeria. The sites used were Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN) Iyanomo (Forest) and the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Emaudo, Ekpoma (Derived Savanna). The soils of the two experimental sites were analyzed for both physical and chemical properties before the commencement of the experiments. The experiments were carried out as pot experiments in the screen house and field experiments. Each of the experiments had ten treatments (adjusted ratios) that were fitted into randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Maize was used as the test crop. Results from the screen house revealed that N/K ratio 4:1  had the  highest dry matter yield for both locations, (RRIN; 2.60 g/pot and Emaudo;  2.75 g/pot) but these values were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from what were obtained from N/K ratio 3:1 and 2:1, respectively. The N:K ratio in soil had influence on the availability of N and K. Under field conditions, N/K ratio 4:1 had the highest grain yield for both locations (RRIN; 3.46 ton/ha and Emaudo; 3.33 ton/ha), and the highest cob field weight (RRIN; 9.92 ton/ha and Emaudo; 9.33 ton/ha), hence its recommendation.

scholarly journals Crossbreeding Nigeria Indigenous with the Dahlem Red chickens for improved productivity and adaptability

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adedokun ◽  
E. B. Sonaiya
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract. In a 5-year crossbreeding experiment, specific groups of the Nigeria Indigenous chicken (NI) from two ecological zones (i.e. Fulani, Fu; Fulani dwarf, FuD from the Northern Guinea Savanna and Yoruba, Y, from the Derived Savanna) and the German Dahlem Red normal (DR) and Dahlem Red Dwarf (DRD) were used to produce four genetic groups DR x Fu, Fu x DR, DR x Y, and FuD x DRD which were evaluated for age and weight at first egg, egg weight, percent hen-day egg production, percent laying mortality and resistance to disease. A total of 505 NI growers and 584 and 48 imported day-old DR and DRD chicks, respectively, were evaluated as parent stock. Data compilation was by DBase IV. Data were analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 1986). For all the traits evaluated, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between NI from the three ecological zones. Therefore, pooled NI means were compared with the means for the DR and the crosses between them. Mean 280-day egg weights were 55.7, 36.8 and 42.9g, respectively, for DR, NI and the crosses while DR, NI and crosses produced 103, 70 and 83 eggs, respectively, over a period of 196 days. The DR x Fu cross had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) egg weight for most of the periods studied with mean egg weight of 46.1g. The 280-day egg production of DR x Fu, (148) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of DR x Y and Fu x DR (119) and FuD x DRD (87). At week 40, DR x Fu females were significantly heavier (p<0.05) than all the females of the other groups while the FuD x DRD progeny had the least body weights at all the ages studied. Overall, DR x Fu and DR x Y were superior to Fu x DR and FuD x DRD for most of the traits studied. Results of the skin test using Skin response to Phytohaemagglutinin inoculation showed FuD x DRD, DR x Y and Fu x DR with values of 0.45mm, 0.36mm and 0.34mm, respectively. Inbred lines DR x DR and Y x Y gave values of 0.33 and 0.50, respectively.

Phenotypic characterization of the Nigerian Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata)

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Oguntunji ◽  
K.L. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Muscovy Ducks

SummaryPhenotypic description helps in assessing the physical attributes of species and is also an indicator of the relevance and importance attached to such attributes in their natural environments. This study was conducted to describe patterns and distribution of phenotypic diversity in Nigerian Muscovy ducks. One thousand and twenty (1 020) adult male and female Muscovy ducks reared extensively were randomly drawn from the Rain Forest, Derived Savanna and Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zones/ecotypes and were visually appraised and scored for plumage, skin, shank, feet/web, bill, bean and caruncle colours. Data on qualitative traits were analysed with descriptive statistics (percentages) while fixed effect model was used to investigate relationship between plumage and skin colours and body weight. Results revealed variations in qualitative traits; however, across ecotypes, the predominant plumage, skin, shank, feet, bill, bean and caruncle colours were mottled (45 percent), white (88 percent), yellow (50 percent), yellow (60 percent), black (58 percent), black (69 percent) and red (84 percent), respectively. Besides, significant (P &lt; 0.05) association was observed between plumage and skin colours and body weight. The reported variations in phenotypic traits of Nigerian Muscovy ducks indicate diversity in their genome, absence of selection and the need for their selection and improvement.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and sheep in Zimbabwe

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hove ◽  
P. Lind ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Seroprevalence rates of Toxoplasma gondii anti-antibodies in adult goats and sheep from different parts of Zimbabwe were determined. A total of 225 (67.9 %) of the 335 serum samples tested were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies with the indirect fluorescent antibody test. There were differences in antibody seroprevalences among communal land goats from the different agro-ecological zones (Natural regions IIb and III: 80 and 96.7 %, respectively; Natural region IV: 65.9 %; Natural region V: 45 %; and Natural region III had a significantly higher seroprevalence than IV and V. The highest seroprevalences found in Natural regions II b and III are likely to be linked to the existence of more households and hence the possibility of a higher concentration of domestic cats that increases the chances of environmental contamination with their faeces harbouring T. gondii oocysts. The seroprevalence rate in sheep from a large commercial farm (10 %) was significantly lower than that of sheep reared under the communal grazing system (80 %). Overall, significantly higher proportions of seropositive animals had antibody titres of 1:50 (34.2 % of 225) and 1:100 (44 % of 225) as compared to the 9.8 % and 12 % with antibody titres of 1:200 and > 1:400, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document