AN APPROACH FOR THE BIODEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Anuja Mishra ◽  
◽  
Surya Pratap Singh ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Refinery Water

Environmental pollution not only alters the environment but also changes the growth rate of various flora and fauna. Due to the irresponsible disposal of waste materials, the environment is going to be more and more polluted. Discharge of hydrocarbons in the water bodies is contaminating the water sources. These hydrocarbons are affecting the living organism. The solution to this problem has been found too expensive with little effects. To overcome this problem, some biological methods are introduced, in biological method; microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is the most promising method. The proposed study aimed to isolate and identify hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial species from the Mathura refinery, Mathura U.P. India. These species were isolated from petroleum-contaminated refinery water and grew on nutrient agar media, identified according to their distinct morphological, and biochemical characteristics, with16s rRNA sequencing. Results of this study confirmed the presence of various bacterial isolates such as Brevibacillus nitrificans, Algoriphagus shivajiensis, Bacillus marisflavi, Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, and Bacillus pumilus from the collected samples based on the Bushnell Haas method and separation funnel method. Further, identified bacteria were tested for the maximum hydrocarbon degradation capacity in liquid culture, and results of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) suggested that only two bacterial species viz., P. pseudoalcaligenes and B. pumilus having the maximum hydrocarbon degradation capacity.

scholarly journals Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6851
Author(s):  
Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Ruzkiah Asaf ◽  
Mudian Paena ◽  
Admi Athirah ◽  
Khairun Nisaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biological Methods

Every petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative and promising approach in the degradation of and reduction in PAHs. This study aimed to explore the potential performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. Three bacterial species (Bacillus pumilus strain GLB197, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain SLG510A3-8, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form the consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5 day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAH samples was determined on the basis of five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3:1, followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), equivalent to a ratio of 2:1. The level of pyrene degradation was lower than that of the anthracene due to fact that pyrene is more toxic and has a more stable molecular structure, which hinders its metabolism by bacterial cells. The products from the biodegradation of the two PAHs are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components.

Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 

scholarly journals Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of Lactobacillus species isolated from traditional Lighvan cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Forouhandeh ◽  
Sepideh Zununi Vahed ◽  
Hossein Ahangari ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Lighvan Cheese

Abstract Lighvan cheese (Lighvan panir) is among the most famous traditional cheese in Iran for its desired aroma and flavor. Undoubtedly, the lactic acid bacteria especially the genus Lactobacillus are the critical factors in developing the aroma, flavor, and texture in Lighvan cheese. In this study, the Lactobacillus population of the main Lighvan cheese was investigated. The Lactobacillus of the main Lighvan cheese was isolated using specific culture methods according to previously published Guidelines. Then, the phylogenetic features were investigated and the phenotypic characteristics were examined using specific culture methods. Twenty-eight Gram-positive bacterial species were identified belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. According to the same sequences as each other, three groups (A, B, and C) of isolates were categorized with a high degree of similarity to L. fermentum (100%) and L. casei group (L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus) (99.0 to 100%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprint analysis manifested the presence of three clusters that were dominant in traditional Lighvan cheese. Cluster І was divided into 4 sub-clusters. By the result of carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rRNA sequencing, isolates were identified as L. rhamnosus. The isolates in clusters II and III represented L. paracasei and L. fermentum, respectively as they were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and fermented carbohydrate patterns. Our result indicated that the specific aroma and flavor of traditional Lighvan cheese can be related to its Lactobacillus population including L. fermentum, L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Ecological Response in the Integrated Process of Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6305
Author(s):  
Xiaosen Li ◽  
Yakui Chen ◽  
Xianyuan Du ◽  
Jin Zheng ◽  
Diannan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Amine Compounds

The study applied microbial molecular biological techniques to show that 2.5% to 3.0% (w/w) of diesel in the soil reduced the types and number of bacteria in the soil and destroyed the microbial communities responsible for the nitrogen cycle. In the meantime, the alkane degradation gene alkB and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation gene nah evolved in the contaminated soil. We evaluated four different remediation procedures, in which the biostimulation-bioaugmentation joint process reached the highest degradation rate of diesel, 59.6 ± 0.25% in 27 days. Miseq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that compared with uncontaminated soil, repaired soil provides abundant functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycle, and the most significant lifting effect on diesel degrading bacteria γ-proteobacteria. Quantitative analysis of degrading functional genes shows that degrading bacteria can be colonized in the soil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results show that the components remaining in the soil after diesel degradation are alcohol, lipids and a small amount of fatty amine compounds, which have very low toxicity to plants. In an on-site remediation experiment, the diesel content decreased from 2.7% ± 0.3 to 1.12% ± 0.1 after one month of treatment. The soil physical and chemical properties returned to normal levels, confirming the practicability of the biosimulation-bioaugmentation jointed remediation process.

scholarly journals Volatile scents of influenza A and S. pyogenes (co-)infected cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Traxler ◽  
Gina Barkowsky ◽  
Radost Saß ◽  
Ann-Christin Klemenz ◽  
Nadja Patenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractInfluenza A is a serious pathogen itself, but often leads to dangerous co-infections in combination with bacterial species such as Streptococcus pyogenes. In comparison to classical biochemical methods, analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in headspace above cultures can enable destruction free monitoring of metabolic processes in vitro. Thus, volatile biomarkers emitted from biological cell cultures and pathogens could serve for monitoring of infection processes in vitro. In this study we analysed VOCs from headspace above (co)-infected human cells by using a customized sampling system. For investigating the influenza A mono-infection and the viral-bacterial co-infection in vitro, we analysed VOCs from Detroit cells inoculated with influenza A virus and S. pyogenes by means of needle-trap micro-extraction (NTME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Besides the determination of microbiological data such as cell count, cytokines, virus load and bacterial load, emissions from cell medium, uninfected cells and bacteria mono-infected cells were analysed. Significant differences in emitted VOC concentrations were identified between non-infected and infected cells. After inoculation with S. pyogenes, bacterial infection was mirrored by increased emissions of acetaldehyde and propanal. N-propyl acetate was linked to viral infection. Non-destructive monitoring of infections by means of VOC analysis may open a new window for infection research and clinical applications. VOC analysis could enable early recognition of pathogen presence and in-depth understanding of their etiopathology.

Effect of biofilm parameters and extracellular polymeric substance composition on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 57540-57551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Mangwani ◽  
Sudhir K. Shukla ◽  
Supriya Kumari ◽  
Surajit Das ◽  
T. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substance ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Substance Composition ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation

This study with ten marine isolates demonstrates that the attached phenotypes of the marine bacteria showed significant variation in biofilm architecture and, in turn, biodegradation of PAHs.

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