scholarly journals Results of Using Different Modes of Presentation of Stereostimuli in the Study of Stereo Vision in Normal Children and in Children with Non-Paralytic Strabismus without Functional Scotoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-308
Author(s):  
S. I. Rychkova ◽  
V. G. Likhvantseva
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Empty Interval ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
Paralytic Strabismus ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of current ophthalmology — creating effective methods of studying stereovision.The purpose — comparative analysis of the capability of stereoperception under conditions of using different regimes of alternating presentation of stereo stimuli with different characteristics in children with strabismus and in children without ophthalmopathology.Patients and methods. 294 school children — 167 children of the control group (without ophthalmopathology) and 127 children with non-paralytic strabismus without functional scotoma (FSS) were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right and left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that the majority of children with non-paralytic strabismus, who are incapable of stereoperception with the classic Fly-test and Lang-test, can perceive the stereoeffect with alternating presentation of stereostimuli within individual ranges of durations of monocular phases, a binocular phase and an “empty” interval. In children of the control group when switching from the simple alternation regime to the “empty” interval regime the maximal durations of monocular phases, which preserved the stereoeffect, decreased and when switching to the binocular phase regime they significantly increased. In children with strabismus linear images are simpler for stereoperception than random-dot images as well as in children of the control group (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the frontoparallel separation of details get perceived better than those creating the decline effect or the turning effect (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the vertical stripes decline get perceived better than those creating the effect of the horizontal stripes turning (p < 0.001). However, as opposed to the children of the control group, in children with strabismus the stereoeffect gets formed better under conditions of the peripheral localization of linear details than under conditions of the central one.Conclusion. Using computer programs with different regimes of alternating presentation of stereostimuli with certain characteristics allows to effectively evaluate individual capability of stereoperception which is necessary for the personalized approach to the selection of visual stimuli and stimuli presentation regimes in functional treatment of patients with non-paralytic strabismus. 

scholarly journals Results of Using Alternating Presentation of Stereostimuli in Children with Functional Scotoma in Non-Paralytic Strabismus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
S. I. Rychkova ◽  
V. G. Likhvantseva
Keyword(s):  
Monocular Vision ◽  
Empty Interval ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
Paralytic Strabismus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of modern strabismology — the study of the ability to stereo perception in children with non-paralytic strabismus.Purpose: to study the capability to stereovision with alternating presentation of stereostimuli in children with functional scotoma in non-paralytic strabismus.Patients and methods. 113 children with functional scotoma (FS) in non-paralytic strabismus were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right eye and the left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that in 23 (20,3 %) children, the ability to stereo perception was completely absent. All these children had stable total FS (monocular vision). In the remaining 90 children (with unstable or regional FS), the ability to stereo perception was shown with some stimuli in some modes of their alternating presentation. For stimuli with a central arrangement of linear parts, the stereo effect was possible when they were presented in an alternating mode with an “empty” interval lasting from 20 to 70 ms in combination with the duration of monocular phases from 30 to 90 ms. For stimuli with a peripheral arrangement of linear elements, 22.1 % of children were able to stereo perception not only in the “empty” interval mode, but also in the simple alternation mode. At the same time, the greatest number of children capable of stereo perception was detected when using the mode with an “empty” interval of 30–60 ms and a duration of monocular phases of 40–60 ms. With random-dot stimuli, none of the children in this group were capable of stereo perception.Conclusion. Our results suggest that even in patients with FS in non-paralytic strabismus, stereo perception is possible under the conditions of alternating presentation of stimuli with certain characteristics. In this case, the most likely appearance of a stereo effect with stimuli containing peripheral linear elements that create a stereo effect when presented in an alternating mode with an empty interval between monocular phases. 

scholarly journals Application of the Modified Вagolini Test in the Diagnosis of Binocular Vision Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
S. I. Rychkova ◽  
V. G. Likhvantseva
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Functional Correction ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
The Right

The work is devoted to one of the most actual problems of current strabismology — the development of effective ways to study binocular vision.The purpose — to study the effectiveness of the developed modification of the Bagolini test in the diagnostics of binocular disorders.Patients and methods. 240 patients with non-paralytic strabismus aged from 6 to 17 (on average 10.8 ± 0.24) years were observed. There were 190 patients with converging strabismus and 50 patients with diverging strabismus. The control group consisted of 180 children aged also from 6 to 17 (on average 10.9 ± 0.3) years without ophthalmopathology. All children were examined for the character of vision using a Worth-test, the classic Bagolini test (CTB), and the developed modified Bagolini test (MTB). If the patient has a strabismus angle, the study was performed in two variants: without prismatic deviation compensation (under the subjective angle of strabismus — SU) and under full prismatic compensation (under the objective angle of strabismus — OU). For qualitative assessment of binocular vision with MTB, static presentation of the test image was used, for quantitative assessment — alternating (alternate presentation of details corresponding to the right and left eyes).Results. The qualitative evaluation data obtained with the help of MTB made it possible to differentiate patients with non-permanent regional functional scotoma of suppression (FSP) and patients with stable bifoveal fusion among children with binocular vision by color test, and to distinguish patients with regional stable FSP and total FSP among children with monocular vision by color test. In the study under SU, the sensitivity of the method was 97.8 % and specificity 96.2 %, under OU — 96.6 % and 92.7 %, correspondingly. Using quantitative evaluation, it was found that the minimum duration of monocular phases required to eliminate functional inhibition in children with total FSP is twice as long as in children with regional FSP (z = 6,303, df 52, p < 0.001 according to the Mann — Whitney criterion).Conclusion. Thus, the modified Bagolini test developed by us is an effective way of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the state of binocular vision. The method has a high sensitivity and specificity, combines the capabilities of anaglyphic and phase haploscopy, and can be used for a personalized approach to the selection of conditions and modes of functional correction of binocular disorders, as well as for monitoring binocular vision during treatment. 

Definiteness in written Swedish by Finnish-speaking immersion pupils at the end of immersion

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-84
Author(s):  
Eeva-Liisa Nyqvist
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Definite Form ◽  
Spontaneous Writing ◽  
Acquisition Order ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Abstract There are two primary goals for this study – first, to analyse definiteness and article use in spontaneous writing in Swedish by 15-year-old Finnish immersion students (n = 162) and secondly, to compare their performance with that of non-immersion students at the same age (n = 67). Analyses at the group level show that immersion students usually perform significantly better than the control group, but they also reveal similar problems to what L2-Swedish non-immersion students have demonstrated in previous studies, such as omission of indefinite articles and difficulty in choosing the right definite form of the noun. Still, these inaccuracies occurred less often in the data from the immersion students. The studied constructions also show at the group level an acquisition order similar to that reported in previous studies, explainable by different aspects of complexity and cross-linguistic influence. Analyses on the individual level, however, show different acquisition orders depending on the criteria being used.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE TALKING STICK TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KEGIATAN JUAL BELI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerri Rahman Hakim ◽  
Taufik Taufik. ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Stick Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

The research in inteded to know the understanding concept buying and selling activities in IPS (social studies) subject learning that cooperative learning type talking stick modelis better than the conventional model. The research method used is quasi experimental with non-equivalent control group research design, sampling was done by using purposive sampling tehnique. The selected sample is class III A student as the control group that get a conventional model as the the treatment and class III B is an experimental class that get cooperative learning type talking stick model as the treatment. Based on the post –test data analysis, it showed that the average of control gorup  student understanding concept is 60,50 while the experimental class is 85,50 it can be seen from the result of the right example test , the result of tcount ttable or 3,43 2,00 with a significant level of 0,05. Based on the results of research that has done, it can be concluded that the student understanding concept buying and selling activities IPS (social studies) subject the applied cooperative learning type talking stick model better than student that applied conventional model. 

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Appropriate Selection Learning Media at Junior High School

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Hamsi Mansur ◽  
Agus Hadi Utama
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Content Learning ◽  
Local Content ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

The appropriate selection of learning media can help the process of delivering messages from teachers to students become more effective. The selection of the right learning media requires the use of certain principles and criteria to be precise in choosing a learning medium because each learning medium should have different characteristics and specifications of usefulness. This study aims to conduct a summative evaluation of the appropriate selection of local wetland content learning media in junior high schools (SMP) in Banjarmasin. The appropriate selection of learning media will be evaluated with a summative model are all subjects containing local content of wetlands, such as in science & social subjects found by researchers in junior high schools in Banjarmasin through population methods and samples using purposive random sampling techniques as many as 5 junior high schools in Banjarmasin. Data analysis techniques in the evaluation of summative models are conducted descriptively-qualitatively using principle models and criteria used to evaluate the appropriateness of selection of local content learning media wetlands consisting of four components, namely: conformity with the material, conformity with student characteristics, conformity with the student's learning style, and conformity with supporting facilities. The results showed that the mapping appropriate of the selection of local wetland content learning media in junior high schools in Banjarmasin has met four criteria for appropriate choosing the right learning media with good categories. Recommendations of the results of the study evaluation of the appropriate selection of learning media can be tested in other schools to see the evaluation of the appropriate selection of online or remote learning media during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The anti-inflammatory effects of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin on histamine-induced otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ersoy ◽  
B Aktan ◽  
K Kilic ◽  
M S Sakat ◽  
S Sipal
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBackgroundOtitis media with effusion is a clinical manifestation characterised by inflammation of middle-ear mucosa. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin on a histamine-induced animal model of otitis media with effusion.MethodsThe animals were divided into five groups, receiving erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin or saline solution. The guinea pigs in the study groups received erythromycin (40 mg/kg/day), clarithromycin (15 mg/kg/day), azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) or roxithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 days by gastric tube. Four hours after the end of the administration, histamine solution was injected into the right middle ear.ResultsThe lowest neutrophil density value obtained using stereological techniques was in the azithromycin group (0.86 ± 0.25 × 10−5/μm3), while the highest value was observed in the control group (6.68 ± 3.12 × 10−5/μm3). The anti-inflammatory properties of clarithromycin, azithromycin and roxithromycin were similar to one another, but better than that of erythromycin.ConclusionThe use of macrolide antibiotics is recommended, as they show antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy in otitis media with effusion.

scholarly journals Z-scores unite >70 pairwise indices of ecological similarity and association for binary data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Keil
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Point Patterns ◽  
The Face ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Right ◽  
Null Expectation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

AbstractPairwise ecological resemblance, which includes compositional similarity between sites (beta diversity), or associations between species (co-occurrence), can be measured by >70 indices. Classical examples for presence-absence data are Jaccard index or C-score. These can be expressed using contingency table matching components a, b, c and d - the joint presences, presences at only one site/species, and joint absences. Using simulations of point patterns for two species with known magnitude of association, I demonstrate that most of the indices describe this simulated association almost identically, as long as they are calculated as a Z-score, i.e. as deviation of the index from a null expectation. Further, I show that Z-scores estimated resemblance better than raw forms of the indices, particularly in the face of confounding effects of spatial scale and conspecific aggregation. Finally, I show that any single of the matching components, when expressed as Z-score, can be used as an index that performs as good as the classical indices; this also includes joint absences. All this simplifies selection of the “right” resemblance index, it underscores the advantage of expressing resemblance as deviation from a null expectation, and it revives the potential of joint absences as a meaningful ecological quantity.

Diagnostic and prognostic potential of the use of ultrasound and three-dimensional endo-visualization in women with pelvic varicose veins

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I Gus ◽  
Dmitrii A Stupin ◽  
Andrei A Semendiaev ◽  
Mariia A Cherepanova ◽  
Natalia V Akudovich
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Factors

Aim. To study the diagnostic and prognostic potential of the complex use of ultrasound and 3D laparoscopy in women with pelvic varicose veins (PVV). Outcomes and methods. The study included 100 women who were divided into two groups: the main group (39 patients with various severity PVV) and the control group (61 women with no venous system disorders). All patients had a complete clinical examination with the selection of pairs that had the most significant factors for the disease prognosis: average age over 35 years, history of varicose veins, pain in the lower abdomen, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. Examination of the small pelvis venous system included duplex angioscanning and retrograde endoscopic functional test controlled by the three-dimensional image. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used to identify normative phlebological parameters. Results. Predictors of early PVV are the following rations: Vmax in the cava-ovarian segment / Vmax in the right ovary portal ≥ 8.3 and Vmax in the reno-ovarian segment /Vmax in the left ovarian portal ≥ 8. The severity of PVV is determined by a progression of alterations in hemodynamic parameters in the main ovarian veins and a spreading venous congestion in the small pelvis plexuses. Conclusions. Criteria of small pelvis phlebohemodynamics make it possible to predict a development of PVV and a severity of the pathological process. Ovarian varicose veins are characteristic of early PVV and venous plethora of all pelvis venous plexuses is characteristic of late PVV.

scholarly journals THE PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY IN TERMS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOGENETICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Ignatko ◽  
L. A. Strizhakov ◽  
V. S. Florova ◽  
A. L. Martirosova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Liver Cytochrome ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

The right drug at the right dose administered to a patient in time is the goal which all medical specialists aim at when prescribing medicines to patients. Pregnancy is a condition when the principle of personalized pharmacotherapy is especially relevant. Due to the developing fetus and the occurring changes in the maternal organism, the selection of drug therapy during pregnancy is especially difficult for a clinician. This issue is tightly intertwined with clinical pharmacogenetics since the genetic code of a woman that determines the activity of the liver cytochrome, the fetus-placental barrier, and renal clearance contributes to the peculiarities of the drug metabolism during pregnancy. Additional data provides the opportunities to form therapeutic models and to determine the ways of personifying pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data on the pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drugs used during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Respon Kembang Kol Dataran Rendah Terhadap Kepekatan Nutrisi pada Floating Hydroponic System Termodifikasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Astri Rovi'ati ◽  
Endang Setia Muliawati ◽  
Dwi Harjoko
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

<p style="text-align: justify;">Cauliflower has a high consumption level but its production is limited to its region in the highlands and the planting season. An effort to increase its production outside the highland in all seasons is using hydroponics on tolerant varieties. Selection of varieties and giving the right amounts of nutrients will optimize the production of lowland cauliflower. This study aims to determine the types of varieties and concentration of nutrient solution suitable for the cultivation of hydroponic cauliflower in the lowlands. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consists of 2 factors namely varieties and nutrient solution concentration level with 9 combination treatments and each treatment consisted of 4 plants. The results showed that variety of Mona and  PM 126 are better than the Diamond in the hydroponic cultivation of cauliflower in the lowlands. Concentrations of the nutrient solution did not improve growth and show no significant results, so nutrient solution from EC 2.2 to 2.4 mS/cm is better in the hydroponic cultivation of cauliflower in the lowlands.</p>

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