scholarly journals Results of Using Alternating Presentation of Stereostimuli in Children with Functional Scotoma in Non-Paralytic Strabismus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
S. I. Rychkova ◽  
V. G. Likhvantseva
Keyword(s):  
Monocular Vision ◽  
Empty Interval ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
Paralytic Strabismus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of modern strabismology — the study of the ability to stereo perception in children with non-paralytic strabismus.Purpose: to study the capability to stereovision with alternating presentation of stereostimuli in children with functional scotoma in non-paralytic strabismus.Patients and methods. 113 children with functional scotoma (FS) in non-paralytic strabismus were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right eye and the left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that in 23 (20,3 %) children, the ability to stereo perception was completely absent. All these children had stable total FS (monocular vision). In the remaining 90 children (with unstable or regional FS), the ability to stereo perception was shown with some stimuli in some modes of their alternating presentation. For stimuli with a central arrangement of linear parts, the stereo effect was possible when they were presented in an alternating mode with an “empty” interval lasting from 20 to 70 ms in combination with the duration of monocular phases from 30 to 90 ms. For stimuli with a peripheral arrangement of linear elements, 22.1 % of children were able to stereo perception not only in the “empty” interval mode, but also in the simple alternation mode. At the same time, the greatest number of children capable of stereo perception was detected when using the mode with an “empty” interval of 30–60 ms and a duration of monocular phases of 40–60 ms. With random-dot stimuli, none of the children in this group were capable of stereo perception.Conclusion. Our results suggest that even in patients with FS in non-paralytic strabismus, stereo perception is possible under the conditions of alternating presentation of stimuli with certain characteristics. In this case, the most likely appearance of a stereo effect with stimuli containing peripheral linear elements that create a stereo effect when presented in an alternating mode with an empty interval between monocular phases. 

scholarly journals Results of Using Different Modes of Presentation of Stereostimuli in the Study of Stereo Vision in Normal Children and in Children with Non-Paralytic Strabismus without Functional Scotoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-308
Author(s):  
S. I. Rychkova ◽  
V. G. Likhvantseva
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Empty Interval ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
Paralytic Strabismus ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of current ophthalmology — creating effective methods of studying stereovision.The purpose — comparative analysis of the capability of stereoperception under conditions of using different regimes of alternating presentation of stereo stimuli with different characteristics in children with strabismus and in children without ophthalmopathology.Patients and methods. 294 school children — 167 children of the control group (without ophthalmopathology) and 127 children with non-paralytic strabismus without functional scotoma (FSS) were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right and left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.Results. It was found that the majority of children with non-paralytic strabismus, who are incapable of stereoperception with the classic Fly-test and Lang-test, can perceive the stereoeffect with alternating presentation of stereostimuli within individual ranges of durations of monocular phases, a binocular phase and an “empty” interval. In children of the control group when switching from the simple alternation regime to the “empty” interval regime the maximal durations of monocular phases, which preserved the stereoeffect, decreased and when switching to the binocular phase regime they significantly increased. In children with strabismus linear images are simpler for stereoperception than random-dot images as well as in children of the control group (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the frontoparallel separation of details get perceived better than those creating the decline effect or the turning effect (p < 0.001); stimuli creating the effect of the vertical stripes decline get perceived better than those creating the effect of the horizontal stripes turning (p < 0.001). However, as opposed to the children of the control group, in children with strabismus the stereoeffect gets formed better under conditions of the peripheral localization of linear details than under conditions of the central one.Conclusion. Using computer programs with different regimes of alternating presentation of stereostimuli with certain characteristics allows to effectively evaluate individual capability of stereoperception which is necessary for the personalized approach to the selection of visual stimuli and stimuli presentation regimes in functional treatment of patients with non-paralytic strabismus. 

The Paradox of Planning: Agriculture, Schooling, and the Unresolvable Uncertainty of Ideal Family Size in Rural Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Bolten ◽  
Richard Marcantonio
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Decline

Abstract Post-war Sierra Leone has experienced a population explosion that has raised questions among rural farmers about the relationship between family size and poverty. Agricultural decline and the high cost of schooling are not prompting parents to articulate a desire for smaller families; rather, they highlight that the uncertainty around articulating the “right” number of children is unresolvable because the ability to send children to school is predicated on increasing agricultural outputs that decline precisely because population pressure has reduced soil fertility. Bolten and Marcantonio conclude that this renders family size the heart of a paradox, where there is no optimal number of children.

scholarly journals Endoscopic removal of metal foreign bodies by magnet: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Petlakh ◽  
Vladimir A. Borovitsky ◽  
Alexander K. Konovalov ◽  
Natalya N. Strogova
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Right

The number of children swallowing magnetic foreign bodies has been a significantly high for the past decades, increasingly needing endoscopic or surgical interventions. Case report. In our observation, a 12-year-old girl swallowed magnetic balls from childrens designer 10 days prior to hospital admission. Foreign bodies (5 balls) were found during X-ray examination in the projection of the cecum. Conservative therapy carried out for 4 days had no success, thus colonoscopy was performed to remove foreign bodies. Foreign bodies were fixed to the intestinal wall, and attempts to separate them were unsuccessful. When a medical magnet was placed outside the body in the right iliac region, a chain of magnetic balls detached from the intestinal wall and made it possible to be captured in a trap loop and be removed. The girl avoided a laparotomy with an opening of the colon. Conclusion. External use of a medical magnet is effective for navigation and assistance during colonoscopic extraction when magnetic foreign bodies are found in the colon.

Some New Effects: Phenomenal Glare, Luminous ‘Mist’ and Dark ‘Smoke’

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
D Zavagno
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Spreading Effect ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Black Smoke ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
To Come ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
The Right ◽  
Background Brightness

The impression of glare is caused by a very intense light source. However, here I show that this impression can also be generated with normal light intensities. The strength of the effect depends on the number of elements used to produce it. The elements are 2 cm × 5 cm rectangles. A single horizontal achromatic rectangle is first used on a homogeneous white or black background. From left to right, the brightness of the rectangle varies smoothly from black to white. The left part of the rectangle appears to progressively bend toward the background when the background is black, while the rectangle appears straight and to fade into an apparent white mist near its right side when the background is white. When the background is black, two horizontal rectangles, mirror-shaded from black to white, so that their black ends face each other with a 2 cm gap between them, appear either to bend toward the background or to be straight and to fade into a sort of dark ‘smoke’. When the background is white with the left rectangle varying in brightness from black to white and the right one from white to black, the rectangles look straight with a sort of white glare appearing to come out from the gap. The black ‘smoke’ and the white glare look more compelling when there are four rectangles forming a cross with a central square gap. It can be argued that this and the neon spreading effect are unrelated. Instead, psychophysical experiments suggest that the glare and smoke effects depend on a relation between the grey scale gradient and the background brightness.

Barrier and Penetration Scores in Relation to Some Objective and Subjective Somesthetic Measures

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Sabatini ◽  
Vezio Ruggieri ◽  
Maria Milizia
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Muscular Tone ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Female Subjects

Barrier and Penetration scores in relation to some variables, such as muscular tone at rest, sensitivity to tickle, and body perception were studied in a group of 35 female subjects. While no correlations appear within the whole group of subjects between Barrier scores and the other variables, an inverse relation emerges between Penetration scores and muscular tone on the left side of the body. Dividing subjects on the basis of Barrier scores, three groups with different characteristics appear: 12 subjects with high Barrier scores show an inverse relation of Barrier scores with sensitivity to tickle on the right side of the body; 12 subjects with middle Barrier scores show a direct relation of Barrier scores with muscular tone and an inverse one with both latency of tickle on the right half of the body and body perception; 11 subjects with low Barrier scores show an inverse relation of Barrier scores with durations of tickle on both sides of the body.

scholarly journals SEBUAH WACANA HAM TENTANG “HAK ATAS KEPEMILIKAN”

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nalom Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

Among vatious rights in the human rights discourse. The right of ownership is one of the rightswhich is interesting to discuss. It is because regulations of rights of ownership is not stated inthe derivation of the UDHCR (ICCPR/ICESCR) covenant. Moreover, various concepts andviews on the rights of ownership have different characteristics and uniqueness. Protection ofthe right of ownership may conflict with other rights (public interest).

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE CLUSTERING DENGAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS PADA PENGELOMPOKAN DATA PENGHASILAN ORANG TUA SISWA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Dionisius Missa ◽  
Sentot Achmadi ◽  
Ali Mahmudi
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Student Data ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

In Indonesia there are still many students who cannot continue their education because of the high cost of education. One of the reasons for students not continuing their education is the social and economic factors that affect their parents. Therefore, the school does not want students to drop out of school because the parents are unable to pay the full tuition fee each semester of the increase to the right students and are not wrongly targeted so that students can complete their education without being burdened. unpaid tuition fees. In determining usually there are problems because of the large number of student data which causes problems in grouping student data, it is likely that errors will occur when determining students who really have to delay payment. For this research, a system was built in order to be able to apply the K-Means method, in assisting schools in determining the classification of student data that requires a delay in payment every time the semester increases with the right target. So that this process can help schools in shortening the process of processing a lot of student data. While the criteria used in the system are 5, namely father's job, father's income, mother's job, mother's income and number of children. The system is designed using CodeIgniter, PHP, JavaScript and MYSQL as the database. In the process of application testing results that have used the K-Means method for the process of grouping student data that requires late payment, it can produce an accuracy rate of 85%. For this testing process, it is carried out by comparing old student data with the results of the K-Means calculation, so that this system is expected to help the school in classifying student data accurately.

scholarly journals Biosintesis dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Bakteri menggunakan Media Sari Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) dan Kundur (Benincasa hispida)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dian Fitriarni ◽  
Irianto Sastro Prawiro ◽  
Nenengsih Verawati ◽  
Wedi Hardiansyah ◽  
Dwi Aprianti
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics

Selulosa bakteri merupakan satu produk yang telah banyak diaplikasikan pada bidang medis, pangan, dan bahkan dapat menjadi bahan baku alternatif untuk mengganti beberapa jenis produk berbahan baku selulosa tumbuhan. Banyak faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas selulosa bakteri yang dihasilkan seperti bahan baku dan sumber nitrogen untuk media fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik selulosa bakteri dari hasil fermentasi menggunakan dua media dari sari buah pedada dan kundur dengan berbagai sumber nitrogen berbeda. Sari buah kundur dan sari buah pedada memiliki karakteristik berbeda sehingga mempengaruhi formulasi bahan yang digunakan. Kedua media yang digunakan dimodifkasi dengan penambahan berbagai sumber nitrogen untuk melihat bagaimana karakteristik selulosa bakteri yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan eksperimen untuk mendapatkan formulasi yang tepat agar diperoleh ketebalan selulosa maksimal. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi selulosa bakteri, berat kering selulosa yang dihasilkan menggunakan media sari buah pedada dengan penambahan urea, yeast, ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau berturut turut 0,37 g/L, 0,52 g/L, dan 2,23 g/L, sedangkan selulosa yang dihasilkan menggunakan media sari buah kundur dengan penambahan urea, yeast, ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau berturut turut 1,3 g/L, 0,32 g/L, dan 5,43 g/L. AbstractBacterial cellulose is a product that has been widely applied in the medical, food, and even alternative raw materials for replacing several types of products made from plant cellulose. Many factors influence the quality of bacterial cellulose produced such as raw materials and nitrogen sources for fermentation media. This study aims to determine the characteristics of bacterial cellulose from fermentation using two different media of pedada juice and gourd with various nitrogen sources. Kundur fruit juice and pedada fruit juice have different characteristics so that affect the formulation of the ingredients used. The two media used were modifed by adding various nitrogen sources to see how the characteristics of bacterial cellulose produced. The research was carried out through experimental stages to obtain the right formulation to produce maximum cellulose thickness. Based on the characterization result of bacterial cellulose, the dry weight obtained from the use of pedada fruit juice media using urea, yeast, green bean was in the amount of 0.37 g/L, 0.52 g/L, and 2.23 g/L, respectively. On the other hand bacterial cellulose produced from the use of kundur fruit juice media with the same nitrogen source was obtained with the dry weight of 1.38 g/L, 0.32 g/L, and 5.43 g/L, respectively. Keywords: bacterial cellulose, pedada, kundur, yeast, green bean  

scholarly journals Speech sound production accuracy produced by North Korean defectors’ adolescent children born in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Eun Kyoung Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
North Korean Refugee ◽  
Word Level ◽  
North Korean Refugees ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
Different Characteristics

Purpose:Children from North Korean defector families possess different characteristics from children with other multicultural and multilingual backgrounds in Korea, partially due to the fact that the number of children born in third countries is higher than those of children born in North Korea. The purpose of the study is to analyze the word-level speech sound productions of adolescent children of North Korean refugee mothers, primarily through a calculation of speech sound accuracy.Methods: The participants consisted of 11 adolescent children whose mothers were North Korean defectors, and whose fathers were Chinese. Participants’ speech sound production skills were assessed using 103 words from the KS-PAPT and U-TAP.Results: Korean defectors’ adolescent children have lower consonant accuracy (PCC= 79.14%) compared to vowel accuracy (PVC=94.71%). The consonant accuracy of liquid/ㄹ/ was significantly lower than those of other manners of articulation. The consonant accuracy of word-final codas was significantly lower than those of other positions in word.Conclusions: This current research has clinical implications for the assessment and analysis of the speech production abilities of the adolescent children of North Korean refugees.

scholarly journals Euthanasia in opinions of the first year Polish students of medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Lachowski ◽  
Jarogniew Luszczki ◽  
Bogusława Lachowska ◽  
Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki
Keyword(s):  
Religious Involvement ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background : The aim of this work is to present opinions of medical students about euthanasia. Study design: The anonymous questionnaire was conducted among first-year students of medicine at the Medical University of Lublin (Poland). Methods: The anonymous questionnaire consisted of 35 questions that concerned three components of euthanasia attitude: knowledge, evaluation, and declaration to conduct euthanasia. The study was attended by 281 students of medicine (77.6% of all first-year students). Results: Although euthanasia in Poland is legally prohibited, almost one fifth of students of medicine expressed a positive attitude towards euthanasia, and over a quarter of students opted for its legalization. Only two independent variables, i.e., family size (number of children) and religious involvement of the respondents, differentiate both the overall assessment of euthanasia and the level of acceptance for its legalization. Non-religious respondents frequently expressed their positive evaluation of euthanasia (43.3%) than those, who were religiously involved (6.4%). Conclusions: The attitudes of students towards euthanasia are often inconsistent. There is a need to evaluate medical study programs in the context of creating the right attitudes of future doctors towards euthanasia.

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