scholarly journals Evaluating Performance of Utilizing Onshore Wind Turbines Specifically the Farm Turbines in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salem Alsubai'e ◽  
Saad Abdullah Alshatti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Proportional Relation ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy is considered one of the most important and clean sources; since it does not produce any type of emission or pollution. In Kuwait, the energy of wind is existing in three main locations, which are; Ras Jal Aliyah, Bubian in addition to Subiyah, where the characteristics of wind have been evaluated in this paper based on the data generated from the meteorological measurements at 10m height. Also, different studies have been performed in this paper in order to analyze the impact of height on the parameters of wind energy, wind density, in addition to wind speed. Jal Aliyah location has been studied in this paper and the results showed that there is a proportional relation between the wind speed and power, where the maximum power is potential if the speed is equal to 29.1 m/s, and the maximum averaged flux of wind power is equal to 725.54 W/m2. Where both Bubidan Island and Ras Subiyah showed the wind direction in the North-East quadrant with speed is greater than 10 m/s. But, the higher polarized distribution of Jal Aliyah was in the north direction. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that this paper provides and suggests a proper design of the wind turbines for designers.

What can idealized storm surge simulations tell us about worst case scenarios?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Andrée ◽  
Jian Su ◽  
Martin Drews ◽  
Morten Andreas Dahl Larsen ◽  
Asger Bendix Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
North Sea Coast

<p>The potential impacts of extreme sea level events are becoming more apparent to the public and policy makers alike. As the magnitude of these events are expected to increase due to climate change, and increased coastal urbanization results in ever increasing stakes in the coastal zones, the need for risk assessments is growing too.</p><p>The physical conditions that generate extreme sea levels are highly dependent on site specific conditions, such as bathymetry, tidal regime, wind fetch and the shape of the coastline. For a low-lying country like Denmark, which consists of a peninsula and islands that partition off the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea from the North Sea, a better understanding of how the local sea level responds to wind forcing is urgently called for.</p><p>We here present a map for Denmark that shows the most efficient wind directions for generating extreme sea levels, for a total of 70 locations distributed all over the country’s coastlines. The maps are produced by conducting simulations with a high resolution, 3D-ocean model, which is used for operational storm surge modelling at the Danish Meteorological Institute. We force the model with idealized wind fields that maintain a fixed wind speed and wind direction over the entire model domain. Simulations are conducted for one wind speed and one wind direction at a time, generating ensembles of a set of wind directions for a fixed wind speed, as well as a set of wind speeds for a fixed wind direction, respectively.</p><p>For each wind direction, we find that the maximum water level at a given location increases linearly with the wind speed, and the slope values show clear spatial patterns, for example distinguishing the Danish southern North Sea coast from the central or northern North Sea Coast. The slope values are highest along the southwestern North Sea coast, where the passage of North Atlantic low pressure systems over the shallow North Sea, as well as the large tidal range, result in a much larger range of variability than in the more sheltered Inner Danish Waters. However, in our simulations the large fetch of the Baltic Sea, in combination with the funneling effect of the Danish Straits, result in almost as high water levels as along the North Sea coast.</p><p>Although the wind forcing is completely synthetic with no spatial and temporal structure of a real storm, this idealized approach allows us to systematically investigate the sea level response at the boundaries of what is physically plausible. We evaluate the results from these simulations by comparison to peak water levels from a 58 year long, high resolution ocean hindcast, with promising agreement.</p>

scholarly journals Djankuat glacier station in the North Caucasus, Russia: a database of glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological observations and stable isotope sampling results during 2007–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1463-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina P. Rets ◽  
Viktor V. Popovnin ◽  
Pavel A. Toropov ◽  
Andrew M. Smirnov ◽  
Igor V. Tokarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Turbulent Fluxes ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study presents a dataset on long-term multidisciplinary glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological observations and isotope sampling in a sparsely monitored alpine zone of the North Caucasus in the Djankuat research basin. The Djankuat glacier, which is the largest in the basin, was chosen as representative of the central North Caucasus during the International Hydrological Decade and is one of 30 “reference” glaciers in the world that have annual mass balance series longer than 50 years (Zemp et al., 2009). The dataset features a comprehensive set of observations from 2007 to 2017 and contains yearly measurements of snow depth and density; measurements of dynamics of snow and ice melting; measurements of water runoff, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, δ18O, δD at the main gauging station (844 samples in total) with an hourly or sub-daily time step depending on the parameter; data on δ18O and δ2H sampling of liquid precipitation, snow, ice, firn, and groundwater in different parts of the watershed taken regularly during melting season (485 samples in total); measurements of precipitation amount, air temperature, relative humidity, shortwave incoming and reflected radiation, longwave downward and upward radiation, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed and direction – measured at several automatic weather stations within the basin with 15 min to 1 h time steps; gradient meteorological measurements to estimate turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture, measuring three components of wind speed at a frequency of 10 Hz to estimate the impulse of turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat over the glacier surface by the eddy covariance method. Data were collected during the ablation period (June–September). The observations were halted in winter. The dataset is available from PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894807, Rets et al., 2018a) and will be further updated. The dataset can be useful for developing and verifying hydrological, glaciological, and meteorological models for alpine areas, to study the impact of climate change on hydrology of mountain regions using isotopic and hydrochemical approaches in hydrology. As the dataset includes the measurements of hydrometeorological and glaciological variables during the catastrophic proglacial lake outburst in the neighboring Bashkara valley in September 2017, it is a valuable contribution to study lake outbursts.

scholarly journals Analysis of wind impact on emission of selected exhaust compounds in jet engines of a business jet aircraft in cruise phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Małgorzata PAWLAK ◽  
Andrzej MAJKA ◽  
Michał KUŹNIAR ◽  
Jowita PAWLUCZY
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Business Jet ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Impact

Among the most important problems currently faced by air transport, we can distinguish the adverse impact of aircrafts on the natu-ral environment, as well as the rising costs of transport. One of the possibilities to improve this situation is better adjustment of aircraft characteristics to the performed transport tasks, taking into account all the requirements and limitations that exist in air traffic and the adverse impact of air transport on the natural environment. It is reflected in the research tasks conducted under the SESAR program. The aspiration to minimize the adverse impact of aircrafts on the environment is executed, among others, through determining such trajectories that are characterized by minimal fuel consumption or minimal emission of harmful substances in the engines exhausts. These goals are corresponding with the research conducted and described in the paper. The main aim of the work was to analyse the impact of wind speed and direction on the emission of harmful substances of a jet aircraft performing a flight on a given route. For research purposes, the route between two Polish cities Gdansk and Rzeszow was considered. The distance between the two airports was divided into sections for which wind direction and strength were determined (read from the windy.com website). Next, the aircraft per-formance was determined and the fuel consumption and the amount of harmful compounds (CO2, NOx, CO and HC), emitted in the en-gines exhausts were determined for the route from Gdansk to Rzeszow (under favourable wind conditions) and on the return route – from Rzeszow to Gdansk (under unfavourable wind conditions). For comparative purposes, emission of these substances for windless condi-tions was also determined. The results are presented in tables and depicted in the graph, as well as discussed in the conclusions of the paper.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE STATUS OF THE BODY OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF 17-19 YEARS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE NORTH-EAST RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa V. Averyanova ◽  
S. I. Vdovenko ◽  
A. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Northeast Russia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
The Impact

Natural and climatic conditions of the environment of Northeast Russia and particularly Magadan region are the very factor mostly influencing adaptive responses by individuals inhabiting the region. Compensatory and adaptive responses in indigenes and newcomers of the region can be assumed to have their specific features. In 2009 there was executed the examination of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and gas exchange in 392 cases aged of 17-19 years, including Europeans (Caucasians) born in the North in the 1st-2nd generation and indigenes. The methodologically similar study was carried out in 2014 in 265 persons, referred to the same cohorts of North-born Caucasians and Indigenes from the Magadan region. The results of the study executed in 2009 testified to a small number of physiological parameters that were reliably different in Caucasians vs. Indigene subjects. In 2014 no difference was found between the two examined cohorts throughout the observed parameters. The revealed changes in gas exchange, external respiration and cardiovascular systems demonstrated by modern young Indigenes of Northeast Russia testified to the fall in the effectiveness of their breathing. All that makes them farther from the classic “polar metabolic type” and their morphofunctional status becomes closer to European male subjects of Northeast Russia. Thus, we can observe a clear tendency towards “convergence in programs” of the adaptive changes between populations of the North residents undergoing similar natural, environmental and social factors.

scholarly journals 'Greenfields' and 'Brownfields': automotive industrial development in the UK and in Portugal

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pike ◽  
Mário Vale
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
North West ◽  
Demonstration Effect ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The industrial policy in the UK and in Portugal, as in most EU countries, seeks to attract new investment capacity, to create jobs and to promote the impact of the so-called "demonstration efect" of "greenfield" development strategies pursued in the new plants of inward investors on existing or "brownfield" plants. This industrial policy focus is particularly evident in the automobile industry.This paper compares the industrial policy oriented towards the automobile industry in the UK and in Portugal. Two recent "greenfield" investments are analised: Nissan in the North-East region (UK) and Ford/VW in the Setúbal Peninsula (Portugal), as well as three "brownfield" plants: Ford Halewood and GM Vauxhall Ellesmere Port in the North-West region (UK) and Renault in Setúbal (Portugal). The first part starts with a discussion of industrial policy in the automobile sector, the role of "greenfield" development strategies and the "demonstration effect" on "brownfield" plants. Then, the limits of new inward investment are pointed out, basically their problems and restrictions. Afterwards, the structural barriers to the "demonstration effect" within "brownfield" plants are outlined and some possabilities for alternative "brownfield" development strategies are presented.

Inequalities in awareness and availability of bereavement services in North-East England

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002422
Author(s):  
Donna Wakefield ◽  
Elizabeth Fleming ◽  
Kate Howorth ◽  
Kerry Waterfield ◽  
Emily Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Web Based ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesNational guidance recommends equality in access to bereavement services; despite this, awareness and availability appears inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore availability and accessibility of bereavement services across the North-East of England and to highlight issues potentially applicable across the UK, at a time of unprecedented need due to the impact of COVID-19.MethodsPhase 1: an eight item, web-based survey was produced. A survey link was cascaded to all GP practices (General Practitioners) in the region. Phase 2: an email was sent to all services identified in phase 1, requesting details such as referral criteria and waiting times.ResultsAll 392 GP practices in the region were invited to participate. The response rate was 22% (85/392). Twenty-one per cent (18/85) of respondents reported that they do not refer patients, comments included ‘not aware of any services locally’. A total of 36 services were contacted with 72% responding with further information. Most bereavement specific support was reliant on charity-funded services including hospices, this sometimes required a pre-existing link with the hospice. Waiting times were up to 4 months.ConclusionsAlthough multiple different, usually charity-funded services were identified, awareness and accessibility were variable. This survey was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, where complex situations surrounding death is likely to impact on the usual grieving process and increase the need for bereavement support. Meanwhile, charities providing this support are under severe financial strain. There is an urgent need to bridge the gap between need and access to bereavement services.

scholarly journals Reducing pressure ulcers across multiple care settings using a collaborative approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wood ◽  
Bob Brown ◽  
Annette Bartley ◽  
Andreia Margarida Batista Custódio Cavaco ◽  
Anthony Paul Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Care Community ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Breakthrough Series Collaborative ◽  
The Impact

In the UK, over 700 000 patients are affected by pressure ulcers each year, and 180 000 of those are newly acquired each year. The occurrence of pressure ulcers costs the National Health Service (NHS) more than 3.8 million every day. In 2004, pressure ulcers were estimated to cost the NHS £1.4–£2.4 billion per year, which was 4% of the total NHS expenditure.The impact on patients can be considerable, due to increased pain, length of hospital stay and decreased quality of life. However, it is acknowledged that a significant number of these are avoidable.In early 2015, it was identified that for the North East and North Cumbria region the incidence of pressure ulcers was higher than the national average. Because of this, a 2-year Pressure Ulcer Collaborative was implemented, involving secondary care, community services, care homes and the ambulance service, with the aim of reducing the percentage of pressure ulcers developed by patients within their care.The Breakthrough Series Collaborative Model from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement provided the framework for this Collaborative.In year 1, pressure ulcers were reduced by 36%, and in year 2 by 33%, demonstrating an estimated cost saving during the lifespan of the Collaborative of £513 000, and a reduction in the number of bed days between 220 and 352.

scholarly journals An interrupted time-series analysis of the impact of emergency department reconfiguration on regional emergency department trolley numbers in Ireland from 2005 to 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Lynch ◽  
John Browne ◽  
Claire Mary Buckley ◽  
Orla Healy ◽  
Paul Corcoran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo understand the impact of emergency department (ED) reconfiguration on the number of patients waiting for hospital beds on trolleys in the remaining EDs in four geographical regions in Ireland using time-series analysis.SettingEDs in four Irish regions; the West, North-East, South and Mid-West from 2005 to 2015.ParticipantsAll patients counted as waiting on trolleys in an ED for a hospital bed in the study hospitals from 2005 to 2015.InterventionThe system intervention was the reconfiguration of ED services, as determined by the Department of Health and Health Service Executive. The timing of these interventions varied depending on the hospital and region in question.ResultsThree of the four regions studied experienced a significant change in ED trolley numbers in the 12-month post-ED reconfiguration. The trend ratio before and after the intervention for these regions was as follows: North-East incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.85 (95% CI 2.04 to 3.99, p<0.001), South IRR 0.68 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.89, p=0.006) and the Mid-West IRR 0.03 (95% 1.03 to 2.03, p=0.03). Two of these regions, the South and the Mid-West, displayed a convergence between the observed and expected trolley numbers in the 12-month post-reconfiguration. The North-East showed a much steeper increase, one that extended beyond the 12-month period post-ED reconfiguration.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the impacts of ED reconfiguration on regional level ED trolley trends were either non-significant or caused a short-term shock which converged on the pre-reconfiguration trend over the following 12 months. However, the North-East is identified as an exception due to increased pressures in one regional hospital, which caused a change in trend beyond the 12-month post reconfiguration.

scholarly journals Marine Wind and Wave Height Trends at Different ERA-Interim Forecast Ranges

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Johan Aarnes ◽  
Saleh Abdalla ◽  
Jean-Raymond Bidlot ◽  
Øyvind Breivik
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Reanalysis ◽  
Made In

Abstract Trends in marine wind speed and significant wave height are investigated using the global reanalysis ERA-Interim over the period 1979–2012, based on monthly-mean and monthly-maximum data. Besides the traditional reanalysis, the authors include trends obtained at different forecast range, available up to 10 days ahead. Any model biases that are corrected differently over time are likely to introduce spurious trends of variable magnitude. However, at increased forecast range the model tends to relax, being less affected by assimilation. Still, there is a trade-off between removing the impact of data assimilation at longer forecast range and getting a lower level of uncertainty in the predictions at shorter forecast range. Because of the sheer amount of assimilations made in ERA-Interim, directly and indirectly affecting the data, it is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish effects imposed by all updates. Here, special emphasis is put on the introduction of wave altimeter data in August 1991, the only type of data directly affecting the wave field. From this, it is shown that areas of higher model bias introduce quite different trends depending on forecast range, most apparent in the North Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific. Results are compared with 23 in situ measurements, Envisat altimeter winds, and two stand-alone ECMWF operational wave model (EC-WAM) runs with and without wave altimeter assimilation. Here, the 48-h forecast is suggested to be a better candidate for trend estimates of wave height, mainly due to the step change imposed by altimeter observations. Even though wind speed seems less affected by undesirable step changes, the authors believe that the 24–48-h forecast more effectively filters out any unwanted effects.

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