scholarly journals Duration of dialysis increases risk of hepatitis C virus infections among hemodialysis patients in Anambra state, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Okeke Okechukwu Chizoba ◽  
Ajulu A Chibuogwu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background <br />Sexually transmitted infections and syphilis are a major public health concern. Hemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, syphilis, and the association between these infections and hemodialysis among hemodialysis patients.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 hemodialysis patients. Blood samples were collected and analysed for HBV, HCV and syphilis using immunochromatographic test kits. All subjects completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and other risk factors. A chi-square test was used to analyse the data.<br /><br />Results<br />The prevalence of HBV, HCV and syphilis infections was 4.4%, 6.7% and 2.2% respectively. Highest prevalence of HBV, HCV and syphilis were found in patients whose duration of dialysis were &gt;1 year, &gt;1 year, and 4 months to 1 year, respectively. Similarly, those who had undergone dialysis for &gt; 10 times had the highest prevalence of these infections. The major risk factor the patients was exposed to was blood transfusion (100%), with those who had been transfused for 5 times having the highest prevalence of HBV and HCV and those transfused twice for syphilis. A significant association was seen between duration of dialysis and HCV infection (p&lt;0.05).<br /><br />Conclusion<br />This study has demonstrated that duration of dialysis increased HCV infection in hemodialysis patients. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and syphilis in the hemodialysis unit is a warning that universal precautions will be the next challenge for decentralised hemodialysis services.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis, Their Family Members and Dialysis Staffs - A Prevalence Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Mokarram Hossain ◽  
M Masud Iqbal ◽  
Zeenat Farzana Rahman ◽  
Rosy Sultana ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study was undertaken to observe prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in hemodialysis patients, their family members and dialysis staffs.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 3 groups were included as gr-1 patients on MHD, the first-degree relatives in gr-2 and the dialysis staffs as gr-3. Clinical and laboratory investigations were done. Viral serology included hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) done by enzyme linked immunosorbent sorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: Total 150 subjects were analyzed where 50 were in gr-1, 60 gr-2 and 40 in gr-3. In gr-1 MHD patients, HBV infection was positive in 12% and HCV in 71%. None of the viral markers were positive in family members and dialysis staffs. Blood transfusion (BT) was taken by 76% MHD patents. The frequency of HBV and HCV infection was of similar pattern in both BT dependent and non BT group (P=NS).When HCV positive and negative patents were (71 vs. 29%, p<0.001) compared, dialysis duration (37 ± 34 vs. 11± 6 months, p<0.001) was found higher in positive patients.Conclusion: This survey on dialysis patients showed that prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was higher in Bangladeshi patients on MHD groups. Horizontal spread of these viruses is negligible in caregivers and dialysis staffs.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 42-46

scholarly journals High Anti-HCV Seroprevalence and Low Performance of ICT Strip in Diagnosing Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Children in Enugu Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Maryann C. Ezeilo ◽  
Godwill A. Engwa ◽  
Romanus I. Iroha ◽  
Damian N. Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background:The lack of a vaccine for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) places children at a high risk of contracting the infection. It becomes necessary to accurately diagnose this infection for proper treatment as well as identifying potential risk factors for effective management.Aim:This study was conceived to assess the test performance of the commonly used Immunochromatographic test (ICT) strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HCV in children in Enugu Metropolis.Method:A cross-sectional study involving randomly selected 270 children below six years of age was conducted in Enugu Nigeria. The subjects were screened for anti-HCV by ICT and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the demographic, signs and symptoms and risk factors were collected.Results:A total of 50 out of 270 children were positive for anti-HCV with a seropositivity of 18.5%. ICT strip had a very low sensitivity of 38.00% with an accuracy of 88.52% in detecting anti-HCV. The presence of dark urine was associated (p= 0.01) with HCV infection.Conclusion:A seroprevalence of 18.5% of Anti-HCV was found in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis and the performance of ICT in diagnosing HCV infection was poor compared to ELISA.

scholarly journals Sentinel surveillance of HIV and hepatitis C virus in two urban emergency departments

CJEM ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Houston ◽  
Brian H. Rowe ◽  
Laura Mashinter ◽  
Jutta Preiksaitis ◽  
Mark Joffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

ABSTRACTObjectives:This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a specific population, and to distinguish between known and previously unrecognized infections in the emergency department (ED) setting.Methods:Consecutive patients aged 15 to 54 years who had presented to the EDs of 2 urban hospitals during a 6-week period were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study if a complete blood count had been obtained as part of their care. The study patients were initially cross-referenced against local databases of known HIV and HCV seropositive patients. After removal of all personal identifiers, the study patients’ leftover blood was serotested for HIV and HCV, and seroprevalences were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HIV and HCV infection.Results:Of 3057 individuals whose files were analyzed, 1457 (48%) were male and 7% (213) were Aboriginal. Overall, 302 patients (10%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9%–11%) were seropositive for HCV and, of these, only 132 (44%) were previously known to be. HCV seropositivity was associated with Aboriginal status, age, male gender, hospital site and HIV infection (allp&lt; 0.001). In contrast, 39 patients (1%; 95% CI, 1%–2%) were HIV seropositive. Of these, 32 (82%) were previously known to be HIV positive, and 27 (69%) were HCV seropositive. HIV seropositivity was only associated with HCV infection (p&lt; 0.001).Conclusions:The rate of previously undetected infections was relatively low for HIV but high for HCV. Emergency physicians in urban settings will frequently encounter patients not known to be HCV positive and not identified as such. These results emphasize the need for more effective preventive measures in the community and the importance of observing standard (universal) precautions in ED practice.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in elderly patients: A multicenter Italian cross-sectional study

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. A8
Author(s):  
F. Conti ◽  
M.L. Morieri ◽  
A. Gramenzi ◽  
C. Cammà ◽  
A. Grieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

603 A MULTICENTER ITALIAN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. S222 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Conti ◽  
M.L. Morieri ◽  
A. Gramenzi ◽  
C. Cammá ◽  
A. Grieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Anti HCV Antibodies in Rural Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Amir Gilani ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Muhammad Azam Malik ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractBackground:  Hepatitis C virus infection is a very serious and alarming public health concern worldwide. The virus is transmitted through blood and blood related infected products. However sexual and vertical transmission is also reported. Although the infection by Hepatitis C virus is endemic in nature but prevalence as well as incidence has escalating trend in Pakistan particularly in the rural areas. In the beginning it is an asymptomatic infection and majority of the victims remain unaware about the disease.Objectives:  To determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in Rural Punjab, Pakistan.Methods:  A descriptive epidemiological cross sectional study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2015 in the rural Punjab of Pakistan. The province of Punjab was divided into three zones namely CentralSouthern and Northern zone. Three districts from each zone were sampled and later on three villages from each district were selected. Probability based sampling technique was used however in certain situations the total population was selected. A total sample of 2400 participants was selected with 800 from each zone of Punjab.Results:  A total of 2400 subjects from three zones of Punjab participated in this study. Out of these 2400 participants 520 (21.6%) were sero positive against Anti HCV antibodies. Anti HCV positive cases were higher (24.8%) in Northern Punjab as compared to (23.1%) in Central and (17%) in Southern rural Punjab respectively.Conclusion:  This study concludes that prevalence of HCV infection is highly endemic among the rural population of Punjab and accounts for 21.6% of the studied population. The prevalence is highest in rural northern Punjab followed by the central and southern Punjab. Drivers and helpers of the farmers are the maximally infected occupations. It is recommended to plan and implement a population based hepatitis awareness and screening campaign for the affected and general population.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Risk Behavior on Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Laboratory Technicians in A Selected Army Medical Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
AKM Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md Mahfuzur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Unit ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a new virus identified in the year l989. Regarding the morbidity & mortality and also for disease burden HCV infection is now an important disease phenomenon worldwide especially among the health care professionals. Laboratory technicians are at increased risk for acquiring blood-borne infections as they have to collect blood samples to find out the disease pathology. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and risk behavior on HCV infection among laboratory technicians in a selected army medical unit. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among laboratory technician in a selected army medical unit from 01September 2015 to 31 December 2016. Total 105 participants were interviewed by pretested structured questionnaire. Results: This study explored that 44.8% respondents were in between 31-40 years and 63.8% were educated up to HSC level. All the respondents had overall knowledge about the cause, high risk group and prevention of HCV infection and 20.95% were not aware that water did not transmit HCV infection, 55.24% had no information of vaccination for prevention of HCV infection. This knowledge was gained by majority (62%) of participants from their existing course curriculum. Use of disposable syringe, sterilize instruments, practice of recapping after using needles and their proper disposal were found among all of the respondents and 61% did not habit to use gloves during sample collection due to negligence and lack of time. This study showed that there is an association between level of education and risk behavior (use of gloves) (P<.005). Conclusion: Adequate program on updating knowledge, strict use of gloves, sterile instrument during sample collection will be helpful in minimizing transmission of HCV infection. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 10, No. 1: Jan 2019, P 38-42

Evaluation of Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C Virus co-infection among the hemodialysis patients in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Shantanu Prakash ◽  
S. N. Sankhwar ◽  
Amita Jain ◽  
Kausar Usman ◽  
Narayan Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection substantially cause series of liver diseases worldwide. Because these two viruses share the modes of transmission, HBV HCV co-infection is common with approximately 7-20 million people affected globally. Hemodialysis individuals are at risk of HBV and HCV infections. The prevalence rates of coinfection with HBV and HCV in Hemodialysis patients have been variable worldwide depending on the geographic regions, and the type of exposure. This study aimed to exam-ine HBV and HCV coinfection and determine the shared and significant fac-tors in the coinfection in Hemodialysis patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 237 Hemodialysis patients including 153 males and 84 females in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, to survey coinfection with HBV and HCV using ELISA. The retrospective demographic data of the sub-jects was collected and the patient’s serums were analyzed by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed with Instat (Graphpad) software. Fisher's exact test with 5% error intervals was used to measure the correlation of variables and infection rates. The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of hepatitis B & C virus in hemodialysis patients was 9.70% (n=23), out of which 1 (0.42%) was suffering with HBV & HCV co-infection while 6 were only HBV positive and 16 were only HCV positive. There is very low prevalence of Hep-atitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus coinfection in hemodialysis patients in this region.

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