scholarly journals Obesity is the most influential risk factor of cardiopulmonary endurance in older women

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Rita Khairani ◽  
Donna Adriani ◽  
Patwa Amani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Vo2 Max

BackgroundPulmonary function decreases with age. Similarly, physical exercise capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake, which is one indicator to measure the level of cardiac and pulmonary vascular resistance, decreases by >1% per year. This results in many respiratory diseases that occur in older persons, especially in obese older persons. Pulmonary function is a basic component of cardiopulmonary endurance, besides other factors such as age, hemodynamics, metabolism, and lifestyle. The objective of this study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary function have a significant association with cardiopulmonary endurance in older women. MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design involving 66 subjects aged 60 years and older in South Jakarta. Data was collected by measuring body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) for cardiopulmonary endurance. Data analysis used simple and multiple linear regression tests in SPSS v.25, with p<0.05. ResultsOf the 66 older persons, 57.6% was obese. Pulmonary function of subjects showed restriction (33.3%), obstruction (6.1%) and a combination of restriction and obstruction (1.5%). Furthermore, mean VO2 max was 12.2 mL/kg/min. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant association of BMI and FEV1/FVC with VO2 max (â =-0.56; 95% CI=-0.81 - (-) 0.31; p=0.000; â =0.09; 95% CI=0.01-0.18; p=0.028). BMI was the most influential risk factor of VO2 max (Beta = -0.46). ConclusionsThere was a significant association of BMI and FEV1/FVC with VO2 max, BMI being the most influential risk factor of cardiopulmonary endurance in older women.

scholarly journals Prediction of Maximal Oxygen Uptake by Six-Minute Walk Test and Body Mass Index in Healthy Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Jalili ◽  
Farzad Nazem ◽  
Akbar Sazvar ◽  
Kamal Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

Mean myoglobin oxygen tension during exercise at maximal oxygen uptake

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Clark ◽  
R. F. Coburn
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Total Body

Changes in intracellular Po2 in myoglobin containing skeletal muscle during exercise were estimated in normal nonathlete subjects from measurements of shifts of CO between blood and muscle under conditions where the total body CO stores remained constant. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer. In 1.5–2 and 6–7 min runs at Vo2 max with the subject breathing 21% O2, mean MbCO/HbCO increased 146 +/- 7 and 163 +/- 11% of resting values, respectively (P less than 0.05). With the subjects breathing 13–14% O2, in 1.5–2 and 6–7 min runs, Vo2 max fell an average of 4.3 +/- 5.1% and 12.0 +/- 5.2%, respectively, and mean MbCO/HbCO increased to 233 +/- 18% and 210 +/- 52% of resting value, respectively (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that mean myoglobin Po2 fell during exercise at Vo2 max, with the subjects breathing 21% O2 and the decrease in mean myoglobin Po2 was greater with the subject breathing 13–14% O2. There was considerable variability in different subjects and in some, the data were not consistent with intracellular O2 availability limiting aerobic metabolism. The data support a postulate that there are several limiting factors for the aerobic capacity, including intracellular O2 availability.

Lower capillary density but no difference in VEGF expression in obese vs. lean young skeletal muscle in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Gavin ◽  
Howard W. Stallings ◽  
Kevin A. Zwetsloot ◽  
Lenna M. Westerkamp ◽  
Nicholas A. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Fiber Area

Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower insulin sensitivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the maintenance of the skeletal muscle capillaries. To investigate whether VEGF and VEGF receptor [kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and Flt-1] expression are lower with obesity, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from eight obese and eight lean young sedentary men before and 2 h after a 1-h submaximal aerobic exercise bout for the measurement of VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, and skeletal muscle fiber and capillary characteristics. There were no differences in VEGF or VEGF receptor mRNA at rest between lean and obese muscle. Exercise increased VEGF (10-fold), KDR (3-fold), and Flt-1 (5-fold) mRNA independent of group. There were no differences in VEGF, KDR, or Flt-1 protein between groups. Compared with lean skeletal muscle, the number of capillary contacts per fiber was the same, but lower capillary density (CD), greater muscle cross sectional area, and lower capillary-to-fiber area ratio were observed in both type I and II fibers in obese muscle. Multiple linear regression revealed that 49% of the variance in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment) could be explained by percentage of body fat (35%) and maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of fat-free mass (14%). Linear regression revealed significant relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and both CD and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange. Although differences may exist in CD and capillary-to-fiber area ratio between lean and obese skeletal muscle, the present results provide evidence that VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are not different between lean and obese muscle.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effects of Indoor Particulate Matter on Blood Indicators Related to Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12890
Author(s):  
Youngrin Kwag ◽  
Shinhee Ye ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
Dong-Wook Lee ◽  
Wonho Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5

Exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM) is a potential risk factor that increases systemic inflammation and affects erythropoiesis. This study investigated the association between exposure to indoor PM and blood indicators related to anemia (BIRA) in housewives. Indoor PM and blood folate status are important factors in the risk of anemia. This was a housewife cohort study; we recruited 284 housewives in Seoul and Ulsan, Republic of Korea. Indoor exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was measured by gravimetric analysis and sensors. We investigated the BIRA, such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC). Statistical analysis was performed by multiple linear regression model and mediation analysis. The association between BIRA and PM was assessed by multiple linear regression models fitted by mediation analyses. The increase in the level of indoor PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in MCV (Beta coefficient (B): −0.069, Standard error (SE): 0.022) and MCH (B: −0.019, SE: 0.009) in gravimetric measurements. The increase in the level of indoor PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in Hb (B: −0.024, SE: 0.011), hematocrit (B: −0.059, SE: 0.033), and MCV (B: −0.081, SE: 0.037) and MCH (B: −0.037, SE: 0.012) in sensor measurements (PM2.5-Lag10). Further, we identified a serum folate-mediated PM effect. The indoor PM exposure was significantly associated with decreased Hb, MCV, and MCH in housewives. Taken together, our data show that exposure to indoor PM is a risk factor for anemia in housewives. Blood folate concentration can be a mediating factor in the effect of indoor PM on BIRA. Therefore, folate intake should be recommended to prevent anemia in housewives. Moreover, indoor PM exposure should be managed.

Effects of severe prior exercise on assessment of maximal oxygen uptake

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Stamford ◽  
R. Rowland ◽  
R. J. Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Reliable Assessment

Five moderately fit males (50.8 ml.kg-1.min-1) performed 14 continuous type VO2 max tests on a motor-driven treadmill. Randomly assigned experimental sessions, consisting of three tests each and separated by 10 (tests 1, 2, 3), 20 (tests 4, 5, 6), 30 (tests 7, 8, 9), or 40 (tests 10, 11, 12) min, were conducted at a consistent hour for each subject every 4th day. Two separately performed tests were also included in the random assignment with the test eliciting the highest VO2 max value designated as the standard reference (SR). VO2 max values for tests 1 through 12 were not significantly different from the SR in spite of elevated pretest blood lactate concentrations ranging from 5 mM to 16 mM. Performance time was reduced for all tests other than tests 1, 4, 7, and 10, reaching the level of statistical significance (P less than 0.05) in tests 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9. It was concluded that valid and reliable assessment of VO2 max is possible even though testing is initiated with subjects in varying stages of exhaustion.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDREN’S HEIGHT AND BODY MASS INDEX IN LITHUANIA, 1990–2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Suchomlinov ◽  
Janina Tutkuviene
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Variables

SummaryThe aim of the study was to reveal the ethnic and socioeconomic factors associated with height and body mass index (BMI) of children during the period of political and social transition in Lithuania in 1990–2008. Data were derived from the personal health records of 1491 children (762 boys and 729 girls) born in 1990 in Vilnius city and region. Height and BMI from birth up to the age of 18 years were investigated. Children were divided into groups according to their ethnicity, place of residence, father’s and mother’s occupation and birth order. Height and BMI were compared between the groups; a Bonferroni correction was applied. A multiple linear regression model was used to measure the effects of the independent variables on height and BMI. Girls living in Vilnius city were significantly taller in later life at the ages of 8 and 11 years. Sons of mothers employed as office workers appeared to be significantly taller at the ages of 7, 12, 14 and 15 years compared with the sons of labourers. First-born girls were taller at the age of 7 years than later-born girls of the same age (124.48±5.11 cm and 122.92±5.14 cm, respectively,p<0.001). Later-born children of both sexes had higher BMIs at birth compared with first-borns; however, first-born girls had higher BMIs at the age of 11 years compared with their later-born peers (17.78±2.87 kg/m² and 16.79±2.14 kg/m² respectively,p<0.001). In the multiple linear regression model, the five tested independent variables explained only up to 18% of total variability. Boys were more sensitive to ethnic and socioeconomic factors: ethnicity appeared to be a significant predictor of boys’ height at the age of 5 years (p<0.001), while birth order (p<0.001) predicted boys’ BMI at birth. In general, ethnicity, place of residence, father’s and mother’s occupation and birth order were not associated with children’s height and BMI in most age groups.

scholarly journals Can categorised values of maximal oxygen uptake discriminate patterns of exercise dysfunction in pectus excavatum: a prospective cohort study?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000940
Author(s):  
Christopher M R Satur ◽  
Ian Cliff ◽  
Nicholas Watson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Cohort studies of patients with pectus excavatum have inadequately characterised exercise dysfunction experienced. Cardiopulmonary exercise test data were delineated by maximal oxygen uptake values >80%, which was tested to examine whether patterns of exercise physiology were distinguished.MethodsSeventy-two patients considered for surgical treatment underwent assessment of pulmonary function and exercise physiology with pulmonary function tests and cardiopulmonary exercise test between 2006 and 2019. Seventy who achieved a threshold respiratory gas exchange ratio of >1.1 were delineated by maximal oxygen uptake >80%, (group A, n=33) and <80% (group B, n=37) and comparison of constituent physiological parameters performed.ResultsThe cohort was 20.8 (±SD 6.6) years of age, 60 men, with a Haller’s Index of 4.1 (±SD 1.4). Groups A and B exhibited similar demography, pulmonary function test results and Haller’s index values. Exercise test parameters of group B were lower than group A; work 79.2% (±SD 11.3) versus 97.7 (±SD 10.1), anaerobic threshold 38.1% (±SD 7.8) versus 49.7% (±SD 9.1) and O2 pulse 77.4% (±SD 9.8) versus 101.8% (±SD 11.7), but breathing reserve was higher, 54.9% (±SD 13.1) versus 44.2% (±SD 10.8), p<0.001 for each. Both groups exhibited similar incidences of carbon dioxide retention at peak exercise. A total of 65 (93%) exhibited abnormal values of at least one of four exercise test measures.ConclusionThis study showed that patients with pectus excavatum exhibited multiple physiological characteristics of compromised exercise function. It is the first study that defines differing patterns of exercise dysfunction and provides evidence that patients with symptomatic pectus excavatum should be considered for surgical treatment.

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