scholarly journals Antiamnesic Potential of Coccinia indica (Linn.) Extract: A Mechanism Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Atanu Bhattacharjee ◽  
Biplab Kumar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
North East ◽  
Coccinia Indica

Coccinia indica Linn., a well explored traditional edible medicinal plant of North East region of India, is routinely used as folkloric medicine to treat neurological disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antiamnesic activity of Coccinia indica fruit extract. Antiamnesic activity of Coccinia indica was studied in Elevated plus maze and Y-maze against scopolamine induced amnesia. Moreover, we studied the influence of Coccinia indica extract on whole brain acetyl cholinesterase enzyme. Ethanolic extracts of Coccinia indica (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) were administered to healthy adult Wistar rats for successive seven days and acquisition, retention and retrieval of spatial recognition memory was determined against scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia in-vivo. Further, whole brain acetylcholinesterase was estimated as per Elman’s method. Pre-treatment with Coccinia indica ethanolic extract significantly improved spatial learning and memory and decreased rat brain acetyl cholinesterase activity in a dose dependent manner and comparable with standard drug Donepezil. The results indicate that ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica might be a useful as natural source of antiamnesic drug to improve learning and memory deficit associated symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s patients.

scholarly journals Exploration of in vitro thrombolytic, anthelminthic, cytotoxic and in vivo anxiolytic potentials with phytochemical screening of flowers of Brassica nigra

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sarowar Uddin ◽  
Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽  
Mohammad Safiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Saddam Hussain ◽  
Md. Giash Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Lysis Activity ◽  
Test Models

Abstract Background Brassica nigra is a plant of Brassicaceae family, which possesses numerous medicinal values. Our present study is intended to assess the potential in vitro thrombolytic, anthelminthic, cytotoxic and in vivo anxiolytic properties of MCE of B. nigra flowers. MCE was fractioned for separating the compound on the basis of polarity by using chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvent. Thrombolytic and anthelminthic activities were explained by collecting human erythrocytes and earthworms as test models, respectively. Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze and hole board models while cytotoxic test was conducted through brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results MCE revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, diterpenes, glycosides, carbohydrates, phenols, fixed oils and fat. In case of thrombolytic test, the MCE, CSF, ASF and n-HSF had produced maximum clot lysis activity at 5 and 10 mg/ml dose conditions. Two different concentrations (10 and 20 mg/ml) of MCE and its fractions showed significant (p < 0.05) anthelminthic activities in a dose-dependent manner. Significant anxiolytic activity was observed for all fractions which was comparable to the standard drug diazepam (p < 0.05). Again, the cytotoxic screening also presented good potentials for all fractions. Conclusion From the findings of present study, we can conclude that MCE of B. nigra flowers and its fraction possess significant anxiolytic, anthelmintic, anticancer and thrombolytic properties which may be a good candidate for treating these diseases through the determination of bio-active lead compounds.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis contributes to isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yetong Feng ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Guangsuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death, which is different from apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Recently, ferroptosis has been indicated to contribute to the in vitro neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane, which is one of the most common anesthetics in clinic. However, the in vivo position of ferroptosis in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity as well as learning and memory impairment remains unclear. In this study, we mainly explored the relationship between ferroptosis and isoflurane-induced learning and memory, as well as the therapeutic methods in mouse model. Our results indicated that isoflurane induced the ferroptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in hippocampus, the organ related with learning and memory ability. In addition, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase/Complex IV in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) was increased by isoflurane, which might further contributed to cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis caused by isoflurane exposure. More importantly, isoflurane-induced ferroptosis could be rescued by both ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1) and mitochondria activator (dimethyl fumarate), which also showed effective therapeutic action against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. Taken together, our data indicate the close association among ferroptosis, mitochondria and isoflurane, and provide a novel insight into the therapy mode against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ROTATORY VESTIBULAR STIMULATION ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS-STANDARDIZATION OF A NOVEL METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi N. P. ◽  
J. K. Mukkadan
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Dendritic Arborization ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Novel Method

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>To find out the effect of rotatory vestibular stimulation in cognition in rats through examining the behavioural patterns, the alterations in dendritic arborization and changes in AChE activity.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Rotatory vestibular stimulation was provided in a rotatory vestibular apparatus at a rate of 50 rpm for 5 min, for 30 d for rats. 0.3 mg/kg of physostigmine also administered to rats of another group as a standard drug. No rotatory vestibular stimulation or physostigmine is provided to the control rats. Behavioural analysis, Neuromorphological and biochemical studies were done after vestibular stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>No. of trails for acquisition and retention reduced significantly in treated rats when compared with the control rats. In all the treated rats the dendritic arborization increased significantly, and activity of AChE decreased significantly when compare with the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>Rotatory vestibular stimulation enhances learning and memory <em>via</em> increasing dendritic arborization and inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase activity in rats. </p>

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Methanol extract of Persicaria hydropiper: An in vivo screening

2021 ◽  
pp. 5819-5824
Author(s):  
Pooja Kamra ◽  
Mahaveer Singh ◽  
Hardarshan Singh Lamba ◽  
Birendra Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Histopathological Investigation ◽  
Different Doses

The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of methanolic whole plant extract of Persicaria hydropiper in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity model. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for seven days. The extract was thereafter administered at two different doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight for next seven days. Silymarin was used as a reference standard. The extract revealed hepatoprotective activity in dose dependent manner. The dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited maximum hepatoprotective ability as apparent from several evaluation parameters including liver function profile, bilirubin, antioxidant enzymes as well as histopathological investigation which was comparable to the standard drug Silymarin respectively. These findings sustenance the use of the extract as an adjuvant with existing therapy for treatment of liver ailments.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MIRABILIS JALAPA

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Deepsikha Bharali ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim and objectives of the present work is to determine pharmacological activity upon ethnopharmacological survey. The present study deals with phytochemical screening and analgesic as well as muscle relaxant activity of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa.Methods: The present study is aimed at phytochemical screening and evaluating the analgesic and muscle relaxant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Mirabilis jalapa by using hot plate method and rota rod method respectively [1, 2]. The Phytochemical screening of the extract was done according to the standard procedures to reveal the presence of the active constituents like Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates etc [3-5].Results: The analgesic and muscle relaxant activity study were dose dependent. The EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) shows significant increase in the reaction time when compared with control at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min and the effect of standard was found to be highest during the study. Another study was designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant properties of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa. Linn by taking the EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and standard drug Lorzepam (10 mg/kg). Both the extracts and standard drug show decrease in the fall of time in a dose dependent manner when compared with control at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above study it is revealed that Mirabilis jalapa showing better pharmacological activities (Analgesic and Muscle relaxant) in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Role of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees as a Potential Iron Chelating Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Queen Saikia ◽  
Manas Das ◽  
Archana Saikia
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
North East

Exceeding iron levels in the body get accumulated in the liver and other vital organs that induce oxidative stress in the affected areas , which is clinically diagnosed as “iron overload”. Present study was undertaken to investigate the role of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees, an endemic species of North-east India, in ameliorating such diseased conditions. Our results indicate that the methanolic leaf extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (PTME) exhibits excellent iron chelation and antioxidant activities in dose dependent manner in vitro. To understand the in vivo conditions, thirty six mice were divided into six groups which were treated with differing doses of PTME. Levels of serum markers ALT and AST significantly elevates during diseased conditions but PTME treated mice have shown a marked decrease in the group (S200) by 39.24 and 17.24%. On the contrary lowering levels of liver antioxidant enzymes (GST, GSH, SOD and CAT) indicates stress. But 200mg/kg b.w of PTME treated groups restored the enzyme to optimum levels. Morphological changes were observed through histopathological analysis of liver tissues and we found significant differences in them . PTME was found to be completely nontoxic in the in vivo treatment, suggesting its feasibility as a safe oral drug. The above study suggests that PTME contributed to its free radical scavenging and iron chelation activity; however, further studies are required for the assessment of the phytoconstituents and the pathways through which it act to treat iron-overload diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemical & Pharmacological Investigation of Stems of Passiflora foetida

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
N. Michael Antony ◽  
Jennifer Fernandes ◽  
Jane Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Passiflora Foetida

Aims: To carry out extraction, preliminary phytochemical analysis and invivo analgesic screening of extract of the stem of Passiflora foetida L. Methodology: Passiflora foetida L; Family: Passifloraceae, is an exotic fast-growing perennial and medicinal vine occurring in Germany, France and other European countries and USA and grown in different parts of India. Dried stems of Passiflora foetida L was coarsely powdered and maceration was done using Soxhlet apparatus. The ethanolic extract of stems of Passiflora foetida L was subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests. Then subjected to in vivo analgesic activity. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the stem of Passiflora foetida L preliminary test showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of stems of Passiflora foetida L was carried out and extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Pharmacological activities of stems of Passiflora foetida L was carried out from ethanolic extract. Conclusion: Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of stems were carried out and Analgesic activity by tail flick method in rats and acetic acid induced writhing method in mice, showed statistically significant activity (P=.05) when compared to control. The ethanolic stem extract of Passiflora foetida L proved to have significant pain relieving action in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of ocimum kilimandscharicum linnleaves: phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Yamini N ◽  
Lahari S ◽  
Phani deepthi V
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

Using an in vitro model, the anti-thrombolytic efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn was investigated. The researchers discovered that different concentrations of the extract had significant anti-thrombolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner , which was comparable to a standard drug. As a result of the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the plant extract, it can be concluded that it has a promising future in the treatment of thrombosis. This knowledge will be useful in the clinical development of thrombolytic therapeutics by identifying more potent anti-thrombolytic principles from natural resources..    

scholarly journals Proangiogenic Effect of Affinin and an Ethanolic Extract from Heliopsis longipes Roots: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evidence

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7670
Author(s):  
Paola Estefanía García-Badillo ◽  
Anaguiven Avalos-Soriano ◽  
Josué López-Martínez ◽  
Teresa García-Gasca ◽  
Jesús Eduardo Castro-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Angiogenesis Assay ◽  
Angiogenesis Process

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, underlies tissue development and repair. Some medicinal plant-derived compounds can modulate the angiogenic response. Heliopsis longipes, a Mexican medicinal plant, is widely used because of its effects on pain and inflammation. The main bioactive phytochemicals from H. longipes roots are alkamides, where affinin is the most abundant. Scientific studies show various medical effects of organic extracts of H. longipes roots and affinin that share some molecular pathways with the angiogenesis process, with the vasodilation mechanism of action being the most recent. This study investigates whether pure affinin and the ethanolic extract from Heliopsis longipes roots (HLEE) promote angiogenesis. Using the aortic ring rat assay (ex vivo method) and the direct in vivo angiogenesis assay, where angioreactors were implanted in CD1 female mice, showed that affinin and the HLEE increased vascular growth in a dose-dependent manner in both bioassays. This is the first study showing the proangiogenic effect of H. longipes. Further studies should focus on the mechanism of action and its possible therapeutic use in diseases characterized by insufficient angiogenesis.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDPOD AND QUERCETIN OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ruvanthika Pn ◽  
Manikandan S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ethanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (EENN) seedpod and quercetin (active component of NN) possess antibacterial proprieties against Gram (-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of EENN seedpod and quercetin were investigated using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as S. aureus. Results: The antibacterial activity of both EENN seedpod and quercetin was found to be increased in dose-dependent manner. The maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by both EENN seedpod and quercetin against E. coli (14 mm and 15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (13 mm and 15 mm). Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the EENN seedpod extract and quercetin than Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the effect of EENN seedpod and quercetin against the tested bacteria in vitro may contribute to the in vivo activities of the EENN seedpod and quercetin.

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