scholarly journals Histoarchitectural Changes in the Liver Following Lactational Lead Intoxication in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ayodeji S. Odukoya ◽  
Israel O. Akinfolarin ◽  
Abimbola O. Odukoya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present experiment was designed to study the histoarchitectural changes in the liver following lactational lead (Pb) intoxication in rats. A total of 12 adult female and 4 male rats were used in the experiment and 32 offspring for the analysis of lactational lead intoxication. The offspring were divided into four groups. Groups B, C and D were administered 10 mg/dL, 30 mg/dL and 70 mg/dL of lead acetate respectively, via drinking water for 21 days through the lactating mothers while group A was control. The livers of the pups were observed using histological methods. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The results from the analysis showed that the total body weight, body length and liver weights were only slightly altered in the Pb intoxicated groups. Using relative liver weights alone revealed some form of hepatomegaly among the experimental groups. The results revealed a dose-dependent increase in blood lead concentration. Histopathological evidences revealed moderate to severe histoarchitectural distortions along Pb concentration gradient. Lactational lead intoxication portends dose dependent histopathological changes in the liver of SD rats.

scholarly journals Brain Cortical and Hippocampal Dopamine: A New Mechanistic Approach for Eurycoma longifolia Well-Known Aphrodisiac Activity and Its Chemical Characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira M. Ezzat ◽  
Marwa I. Ezzat ◽  
Mona M. Okba ◽  
Salah M. Hassan ◽  
Amgad I. Alkorashy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Dopamine Content ◽  
Total Body

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Fam.: Simaroubaceae), known as Tongkat Ali (TA), has been known as a symbol of virility and sexual power for men. Metabolic profiling of the aqueous extract of E. longifolia (AEEL) using UPLC-MS/MS in both positive and negative modes allowed the identification of seventeen metabolites. The identified compounds were classified into four groups: quassinoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, and biphenylneolignans. AEEL is considered safe with oral LD50 cut-off >5000 mg/kg. Oral administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of AEEL for 10 consecutive days to Sprague-Dawley male rats caused significant reductions in mounting, intromission, and ejaculation latencies and increased penile erection index. AEEL increased total body weight and relative weights of seminal vesicles and prostate. Total and free serum testosterone and brain cortical and hippocampal dopamine content was significantly elevated in treated groups with no significant effects on serotonin or noradrenaline content.

scholarly journals Histomorphormetric studies on lactational lead intoxication in testes of Sprague Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1141-1151
Author(s):  
B.N. Olajide ◽  
S.A. Odukoya ◽  
O.A. Komolafe ◽  
O.S. Saka ◽  
A.O. Odukoya
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Childhood lead poisoning has been established to cause a lot of health challenges, of which reproductive health perturbation is not least. This research work was designed to investigate the impact of lactational lead exposure on the developing testes in Sprague-Dawley rat pups. 12 female rats were used in the experiment and 23 offspring for the analysis of lactational lead intoxication. The offspring were divided into four groups. Groups B, C and D were administered 10 mg/dL, 30 mg/dL and 70 mg/dL of lead acetate respectively, via drinking water for 21 days while group A was control. The animal was firstly sedated using a chloroform-damped cotton wool in a vacuum (air-tight chamber). The sedated animal was weighed on a weighing balance and figure recorded. The animal was then perfused to clear blood from the organs before the organs were harvested, the testes of the pups exposed via lactation were observed via histological methods. Statistical analysis showed the total body weight and left testicular weight appeared to be significantly (p <0.05) lower in groups B, C and D when compared to the control group. Right testicular weight, tubular diameter, tubular radius and luminal area were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groups B, C and D when compared to the control. Testicular distortion was observed during histological findings. Care must be taken by a lactating mother to avoid being exposed to lead during gestation and lactation.Keywords: Histomorphormetry; Lactation; Testes; Lead-intoxication

scholarly journals Effect of dietary concentrate level on body immune response in calves fed a wheat straw-based diet : short communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santra ◽  
N.N. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Twenty 9-month-old crossbred calves were divided into 2 equal groups (A and B; n = 10). The feeding trial was conducted for 119 days to study the effect of concentrate supplementation on body immune response and blood metabolites in calves. The concentrate and roughage (wheat straw) ratio in the diet of Groups A and B was 60:40 and 30:70, respectively. Daily dry matter intake was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Group A than in Group B, which also resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.01) total body weight gain in the former group. Protein, albumin, globulin, total and differential leukocyte count in blood were similar in the 2 groups but blood glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) in the calves of Group A. There was no difference in body immune response between the groups, which indicated that body immune response of animals is not significantly influenced by restricted concentrate feeding.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE MEDIATED OR MODULATED BY PITUITARY FACTORS

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. DE MOOR ◽  
M. ADAM-HEYLEN ◽  
H. VAN BAELEN ◽  
G. VERHOEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY Adult rats of both sexes were either gonadectomized or hypophysectomized and gonadectomized. Three to eight weeks later they were treated for 14 consecutive days with oil or with 75 or 200 μg testosterone propionate (TP) per 100 g body weight. The animals were killed and for each sex the gonadectomized animals were compared with the hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals as far as their NADPH- and NADH-dependent 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3α-HSD) in renal microsomes, transcortin levels in serum and five organ weights relative to total body weight were concerned. For two of the latter, i.e. the relative kidney and prostatic weights, no significant differences were found. Transcortin levels, relative adrenal weights and renal NADPH-dependent 3α-HSD activities were higher in oil-treated gonadectomized animals than in oil-treated hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals. The opposite was found for the relative weights of uterus and seminal vesicles and renal NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities. These differences between gonadectomized and hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals disappeared after TP treatment as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained for the five other parameters. After gonadectomy sexual differences subsisted for all parameters studied. But whereas intact male rats had higher NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities than female rats the opposite was found after gonadectomy. After gonadectomy plus hypophysectomy the between sex differences disappeared as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained in the other parameters studied.

The Effects of Jp-8 Jet Fuel on Male Sprague-Dawley Rats after a 90-Day Exposure By Oral Gavage

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mattie ◽  
Gary B. Marit ◽  
Carlyle D. Flemming ◽  
James R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Dose Dependent

The U.S. Air Force is converting from JP-4 jet fuel to the less volatile JP-8 jet fuel, which is similar to commercial Jet Fuel A. Our previous 90-day inhalation study with JP-8 vapor, using F-344 rats and C57BL/6 mice, resulted in no treatment-related adverse effects other than α 2-microglobin nephropathy in male rats (Mattie et al., 1991). In the present study, male rats were dosed with neat JP-8 (0, 750, 1500, 3000 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 90 days in an effort to characterize the kidney lesion and assess further any additional adverse effects associated with prolonged oral exposure to this fuel. Results of this study revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease in body weights of rats exposed to JP-8. Male rat-specific α 2-microglobin nephropathy was observed by histopathologic examination. A number of significant changes were also seen in blood and urine that were not dose-dependent. Additional treatment-related effects were a gastritis and a perianal dermatitis. Although there were no histopathological or weight changes in the livers of exposed rats, there was an increase in the liver enzymes AST and ALT. The elevated enzymes did not increase with increasing dose of JP-8.

scholarly journals Utilization Of Soymilk As Milk Replacer For Calves

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Masum ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MAS Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

An experiment was conducted to study the utilization of soymilk as milk replacer for raising calves. Nine crossbred calves were selected and divided into three groups on the basis of their body weight and genotype. The calves of group A were reared by cow milk, group B reared by strained soymilk and group C reared by unstrained soymilk. It was found that, total body weight gain of group A, B and C were 13.933 ± 1.222, 13.800 ± 0.917 and 13.233 ± 1.537 Kg, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups of calves. Non-significant differences were also seen for increment in wither height (5.588 ± 0.508, 5.419 ± 0.529 and 5.080 ± 0.440 cm, respectively), length (6.096 ± 0.440, 5.927 ± 0.388 and 5.503 ± 0.388 cm, respectively) and heart-girth (5.842 ± 0.440, 5.588 ± 0.916 and 5.419 ± 0.388 cm, respectively) of calves. Economic analysis showed that soymilk was cheaper than cow milk (Tk. 8.0 vs Tk. 44.0). It can be concluded that soymilk as milk replacer could be used successfully for raising dairy calves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9918 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 102-107

scholarly journals Increase in Bcl2 expression of penile and prostate cells of Sprague Dawley male rats following treatment with buceng (combination of Pimpinella alpina molk with Eurycoma longifolia Jack)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Group B ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

Background: Treatment with buceng combination of Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Pimpinella alpine Molk has been proven to increase testosterone level, decrease apoptosis and caspase3 expression. Bcl2 is an antiapoptotic protein found in cytoplasm which inhibits cells apoptosis. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of buceng on Bcl2 expression on penile and prostate tissues of the rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Sprague Dawley rats of 90 days old, weighing ± 300 grams, were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A, normal rats. Group B, castrated rats and treated with buceng 100 mg/day, per oral (Cast-Bcg); Group C, castrated rats and treated with 2 ml of water as placebo against buceng (Cast-Plac). Group D, castrated rats, treated with mesterolone 6.75 mg/day, per oral, as exogenous testosterone (Cast-Mest). All rats were treated for 30 days. Manova test was used to analyze the different expression of Bcl2 among groups with significance level at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Castration was associated with significant decrease of Bcl2 expression in the penile and prostate tissues (53.0 and 50.9%, respectively) compared to normal rats (82.6 and 84.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Treatment with mesterolone reversed Bcl2 expression (77.1 and 78.1%) to a near normal level. The same level of Bcl2 expression was also observed with buceng treatment (73.8 and 78.2%).Conclusion: The treatment with buceng could enhance Bcl2 expression in penile and prostate tissues, comparable to normal rats and mesterolone treated rats.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON BODY WEIGHT AND ON TIBIAL EPIPHYSIAL CARTILAGE WIDTH IN INTACT, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN E. C. CARGILL THOMPSON ◽  
G. P. CREAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY 1. The effects of feeding, hormone administration, unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy on width of tibial cartilage and total body weight in intact and hypophysectomized young male rats were measured. 2. Unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy have no effect on the cartilage width of both intact and hypophysectomized rats, although adrenalectomy causes a loss in weight in the intact rat. 3. Intact rats, both young and adult, fed enough to maintain but not to put on weight, show a reduction of cartilage width to hypophysectomized levels. 4. Growth hormone alone (1 mg. and 3 mg./day for 14 days) causes a marked increase in cartilage width but only a 50–60% increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 5. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH: 2 i.u./day for 14 days) causes a significant reduction in both cartilage width and total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 6. Thyrotrophin (TSH: 1 i.u./day) and Prolactin (1 mg. and 2 mg./day) caused significant increases in both total body weight and cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 7. Luteinizing hormone (LH: 0·01 mg./day) together with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH: 1·0 mg./day) caused a significant increase in body weight, but had no effect on cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 8. Both doses of combined hormones (growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH and LH administered together) caused a marked increase in cartilage width and a smaller increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat.

scholarly journals A Fracture Pain Model in the Rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie T. Freeman ◽  
Nathan J. Koewler ◽  
Juan M. Jimenez-Andrade ◽  
Ryan J. Buus ◽  
Monica B. Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femur Fracture ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Skeletal Pain ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background Because of the relative lack of understanding of the mechanisms that drive skeletal pain, the purpose of this study was to adapt a previously validated closed femur fracture model to quantitatively evaluate skeletal pain in female and male rats. Methods Three-month-old female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and a stainless steel pin was inserted into the intramedullary space of the left femur. Three weeks later, the rats were reanesthetized, and left femoral diaphyses were fractured using a standardized impactor device. At 1-21 days after fracture, skeletal pain was measured by quantitatively assessing spontaneous guarding, spontaneous flinching, and weight bearing of the fractured hind limb. Results Females and males showed highly robust pain behaviors that were maximal at day 1 after fracture and returned gradually to normal nonfractured levels at days 14-21 after fracture. The magnitude of fracture pain was not significantly different at most time points between female and male rats. In both females and males, the pain-related behaviors were attenuated by subcutaneous morphine in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions This model may help in developing a mechanism-based understanding of the factors that generate and maintain fracture pain in both females and males and in translating these findings into new therapies for treating fracture pain.

scholarly journals Role of Superoxide Dismutases (SODs) in Hypertensive Rats After Administration of Mango Mistletoe Methanolic Extract

JSMARTech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 061-064
Author(s):  
Mariyam Suroyya ◽  
◽  
Nour Athiroh Sjakoer ◽  
Nurul Mubarakati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypertension is a condition where there is an abnormal rise in blood pressure that may be the primary cause of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension induces the production of free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study is to further examine the function of Dendropthoe pentandra as an endogenous antioxidant modulator in this case superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hypertensive rats.The testing approach used is experimental. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and the Post Hoc test to see variations in SOD levels in different treatments. This research used a hypertensive rat model induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt. The number of animals tested was 25 white male rats divided into 5 groups, each containing 5 rats.The group consisted of a control group, a group of non- Extract methanolic of mango mistletoe hypertensive rats, and three groups of hypertensive rats receiving mango mistletoe methanolic extract (EMBM) at dosages of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the levels of increased lung SOD with extract methanolic of mango mistletoe dosage variations in all treatment groups were not different. The administration of mango parasite methanolic extract at a dose of 50 mg / kgBW was optimum in increasing lung SOD levels in hypertensive rats.

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