STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON BODY WEIGHT AND ON TIBIAL EPIPHYSIAL CARTILAGE WIDTH IN INTACT, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN E. C. CARGILL THOMPSON ◽  
G. P. CREAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY 1. The effects of feeding, hormone administration, unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy on width of tibial cartilage and total body weight in intact and hypophysectomized young male rats were measured. 2. Unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy have no effect on the cartilage width of both intact and hypophysectomized rats, although adrenalectomy causes a loss in weight in the intact rat. 3. Intact rats, both young and adult, fed enough to maintain but not to put on weight, show a reduction of cartilage width to hypophysectomized levels. 4. Growth hormone alone (1 mg. and 3 mg./day for 14 days) causes a marked increase in cartilage width but only a 50–60% increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 5. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH: 2 i.u./day for 14 days) causes a significant reduction in both cartilage width and total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 6. Thyrotrophin (TSH: 1 i.u./day) and Prolactin (1 mg. and 2 mg./day) caused significant increases in both total body weight and cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 7. Luteinizing hormone (LH: 0·01 mg./day) together with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH: 1·0 mg./day) caused a significant increase in body weight, but had no effect on cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 8. Both doses of combined hormones (growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH and LH administered together) caused a marked increase in cartilage width and a smaller increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE MEDIATED OR MODULATED BY PITUITARY FACTORS

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. DE MOOR ◽  
M. ADAM-HEYLEN ◽  
H. VAN BAELEN ◽  
G. VERHOEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY Adult rats of both sexes were either gonadectomized or hypophysectomized and gonadectomized. Three to eight weeks later they were treated for 14 consecutive days with oil or with 75 or 200 μg testosterone propionate (TP) per 100 g body weight. The animals were killed and for each sex the gonadectomized animals were compared with the hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals as far as their NADPH- and NADH-dependent 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3α-HSD) in renal microsomes, transcortin levels in serum and five organ weights relative to total body weight were concerned. For two of the latter, i.e. the relative kidney and prostatic weights, no significant differences were found. Transcortin levels, relative adrenal weights and renal NADPH-dependent 3α-HSD activities were higher in oil-treated gonadectomized animals than in oil-treated hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals. The opposite was found for the relative weights of uterus and seminal vesicles and renal NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities. These differences between gonadectomized and hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals disappeared after TP treatment as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained for the five other parameters. After gonadectomy sexual differences subsisted for all parameters studied. But whereas intact male rats had higher NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities than female rats the opposite was found after gonadectomy. After gonadectomy plus hypophysectomy the between sex differences disappeared as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained in the other parameters studied.

THE ROLE OF GROWTH HORMONE AND THYROXINE IN NEPHROGENIC HYPERTENSION AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

There was no indication of slowly developing hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in hypophysectomized rats upon treatment with desoxycorticosterone and salt loading following unilateral nephrectomy. This was the case in both younger (less than 100 g) and older (220–260 g) male rats. However, the weight of the heart and kidney, the blood pressure, and the rate and output of the heart of normal and hypophysectomized rats following unilateral nephrectomy and treatment with desoxycorticosterone and salt loading were not too different when the hypophysectomized rats were given growth hormone and thyroxine. This agrees with the earlier conclusion that thyroxine and growth hormone are required in hypophysectomized rats for the development of hypertension and any significant enlargement of the heart, whether from aortic constriction or from nephrogenic causes.

Effect of frequency of growth hormone administration on longitudinal bone growth and body weight in hypophysectomized rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN-OLOV JANSSON ◽  
KERSTIN ALBERTSSON-WIKLAND ◽  
STAFFAN EDÉN ◽  
KARL-GÖRAN THORNGREN ◽  
OLLE ISAKSSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Longitudinal Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Hormone Administration ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Renaturalizing the sexually dimorphic profiles of circulating growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A. Pampori ◽  
Arun K. Agrawal ◽  
Bernard H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Abstract. Hypophysectomy resulted in a total elimination of measurable circulating growth hormone with an associated loss of body weight gain. The typical sexually dimorphic plasma growth hormone patterns: pulsatile profiles in male rats and tonic-like secretion in female rats, were lost. The male- and female-dependent profiles of plasma growth hormone, monitored from serial blood collections, were restored by administering the hormone through a single electrically controlled external pump attached to an indwelling catheter, and by implanting osmotic pumps intraperitoneally, respectively. Restoring the natural patterns of plasma growth hormone in animals devoid of pituitaries, re-initiated body growth. However, the body weight gains in both sexes of hypophysectomized rats were much greater when rat growth hormone was introduced to the animals in a masculine (pulsatile) pattern that appeared to be independent of pulse frequency, rather than in a continuous feminine profile. Subcutaneous injections, the most commonly reported method of administration, produced low-amplitude, long-lasting plasma peaks that were not as effective as pulse infusion in restoring growth. The procedure allows manipulation of the hormone profile (i.e. number of pulses/day, pulse amplitude, and through duration in the pulsatile pattern, and plasma concentration in the tonic pattern) in order to identify, and thus study the presumed salient components of the pattern regulating growth hormone responses.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding frequency on the growth and composition of individual organs in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Pocknee ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Gross Chemical Composition ◽  
Large Meal

1. The effect of consuming the same total amount of food in either one large meal or several small meals per d was studied using weanling male rats.2. The increase in total body-weight was the same in both instances, but the weights of the liver, kidneys, femur, small intestine and stomach were greater, and those of the spleen and residual carcass were smaller, in meal-eating rats than in continuously fed control animals. These differences persisted into the adult state.3. No differences in gross chemical composition were found between the corresponding organs of the two groups of rats, and the differences in weight appeared to be the result of changes in the general growth rate of individual organs.4. The hypertrophy of the kidneys in meal-eaters was due to an increase in mean cell size, but the increased weight of the liver and reduced weight of the spleen appeared to be largely the result of changes in the number of cells present.

Inhibitory effect of octreotide on growth hormone-induced IGF-I generation and organ growth in hypophysectomized rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. E568-E574
Author(s):  
A. Flyvbjerg ◽  
K. D. Jorgensen ◽  
S. M. Marshall ◽  
H. Orskov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

We investigated the effect of a somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS) on the stimulatory effect of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) generation and growth in hypophysectomized rats. Two weeks after hypophysectomy, treatment was given for 11 days with either saline, SMS (100 micrograms/day), hGH (140 micrograms/day), or hGH plus SMS. Compared with saline-injected controls, hGH stimulated body weight gain [1.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 40.9 +/- 0.8 (SE) g, P less than 0.001] and width of epiphysial cartilage (138.0 +/- 4.5 vs. 356 +/- 3.8 microns, P less than 0.001). Combined treatment with hGH and SMS significantly reduced both body weight gain (29.1 +/- 2.5 g, P less than 0.001) and width of epiphysial cartilage (315.3 +/- 5.8 microns, P less than 0.001) compared with the effects of hGH alone. During 11 days of hGH treatment, serum IGF-I increased from 22 +/- 5 to 1,288 +/- 92 micrograms/l (P less than 0.001) but increased only 40% (513 +/- 71 vs. 1,288 +/- 92 micrograms/l, P less than 0.001) when SMS was given in combination with hGH. In gastrocnemius muscle, heart, and lung, but not in liver, kidney, and brain, SMS suppressed organ weight increase when given both with and without hGH substitution. Thymus and gastrointestinal tract weight were significantly reduced in the group receiving SMS alone and tended to be reduced in the hGH-substituted group given SMS as well. Tissue IGF-I was increased in liver, lung, kidney, and heart with hGH treatment (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Use of Methylphenidate on Spermatogenesis and Sexual Hormones in Adult Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Akhavan Rezayat ◽  
Amir Abbas Asadpour ◽  
Samaneh Boroumand Noughabi ◽  
Hassan Ahmadnia ◽  
Hamid Mohseni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

Background: The growing prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the non-medical use of Methylphenidate (MPH) among the youth have lead male infertility to be a major health problem. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of MPH administration on different aspects of productivity, including total body weight, testis weight, spermatogenesis, sperm motility, histopathology changes, and sex hormone serum levels in male rats. Methods: This study was performed with 54 eight-week-old male rats divided into one control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups were gavaged with 2 and 10 mg/kg methylphenidate daily while the control group was gavaged with normal saline (at the same dosage). After 60 days, rats were subjected to blood sampling and bilateral orchidoepididymectomy under anesthesia. Spermogram, histological, and hormonal evaluations were performed on the samples. Testes weight and total body weight were also recorded. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the MPH and experimental groups in terms of hormonal, spermographic, and histopathologic features, as well as weight. Luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels, sperm count and motility, Leydig cell hyperplasia, spermatogenesis, congestion and necrosis levels, total body weight, and testis weight were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. However, no difference was observed between the experimental and control groups concerning follicle-stimulating hormone, maturation arrest, and edema levels. Conclusions: Based on the findings, MPH exposure exerts a significant effect on the testis and total body weight, as well as hormonal, spermatographic, and histopathologic characteristics. Accordingly, the present study provided an insight into the negative impression of MPH on sexual parameters.

Ad Libitum Fluid Intake Does Not Prevent Dehydration in Suboptimally Hydrated Young Soccer Players During a Training Session of a Summer Camp

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras ◽  
Yiannis P. Kotsis ◽  
Yiannis E. Tsekouras ◽  
Michalis Makrillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body

There is a lack of studies concerning hydration status of young athletes exercising in the heat.Purpose:To assess preexercise hydration status in young soccer players during a summer sports camp and to evaluate bodywater balance after soccer training sessions.Methods:Initial hydration status was assessed in 107 young male soccer players (age 11–16 yr) during the 2nd day of the camp. Seventy-two athletes agreed to be monitored during 2 more training sessions (3rd and 5th days of the camp) to calculate dehydration via changes in body weight, while water drinking was allowed ad libitum. Hydration status was assessed via urine specific gravity (USG), urine color, and changes in total body weight. Mean environmental temperature and humidity were 27.2 ± 2 °C and 57% ± 9%, respectively.Results:According to USG values, 95 of 107 of the players were hypohydrated (USG ≥ 1.020) before practice. The prevalence of dehydration observed was maintained on both days, with 95.8% and 97.2% of the players being dehydrated after the training sessions on the 3rd and 5th days, respectively. Despite fluid availability, 54 of the 66 (81.8%) dehydrated players reduced their body weight (–0.35 ± 0.04 kg) as a response to training, while 74.6% (47 out of the 63) further reduced their body weight (–0.22 ± 0.03 kg) after training on the 5th day.Conclusion:Approximately 90% of the young soccer players who began exercising under warm weather conditions were hypohydrated, while drinking ad libitum during practice did not prevent further dehydration in already dehydrated players.

BIOASSAY OF GROWTH HORMONE

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-G. Thorngren ◽  
L. I. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Operative Control ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT The growth stimulating effect of growth hormone was determined with tetracycline as intravital marker of the longitudinal bone growth of proximal tibia in female Sprague-Dawley rats hypophysectomized at 60 days of age. After a post-operative control period of 15 days growth hormone (NIH-GH-B16) was given daily for 5 or 10 days followed by a 10 day period after its withdrawal. L-thyroxine was given in association with the growth hormone administration to potentiate the growth stimulation. A linear log dose-response relation was found for the two administration models with a high precision. The thyroxine-treatment increased the sensitivity of the bioassay. An administration period of 5 days was found sufficient for the bioassay of growth hormone in thyroxine-treated hypophysectomized rats. Compared with the earlier bioassay methods for growth hormone, the present bioassay is more favourable when all the factors, such as precision, sensitivity, specificity, and administration period are considered.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

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