scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Dose Fixation Studies on Chloroxylon swietenia Dc Bark Extracts on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jayaprasad ◽  
P.S. Sharavanan ◽  
R. Sivaraj
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Toxic Reactions ◽  
Chloroxylon Swietenia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality worldwide. Chloroxylonswietenia has been used extensively in folkloric medicine. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity of Chloroxylonswietenia bark methanol (CSBMEt) and aqueous extracts (CSBAEt) (100, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) and dose fixation of CSBMEt and CSBAEt in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w). The diabetic rats were administered with Chloroxylonswietenia bark extracts (CSBMEt and CSBAEt) (75,125 and 250mg/kg b.w) orally by intragastric intubation for 15 days. Acute toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the CSBMEt and CSBAEt. No lethality or toxic reactions found at any doses until the end of study, whereas 75 and 125 mg/kg b.w. doses of CSBMEt and CSBAEt produce no significant changes in the diabetic rats and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt have significant change in the blood glucose. The results conclude that, there was no toxicity observed up to 1000mg/kg b.w. of both the extracts and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt can be used as effective dose to treat diabetes.

scholarly journals Morphology of bronchial epithelium in rodent streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolyevna Pivovarova ◽  
Boris Nikitich Mankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Aim.  To study the morphology of bronchial epithelium in a rodent streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. . Diabetes mellitus was introduced in 47 white Wistar rats aged 5?6 months (body weight 234.0?2.64 g). 43 white Wistar rats of the same age were used as control subjects (body weight 242.0?2.13). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (SIGMA, USA) 60 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5. Results. A statistically significant decrease in the total epithelial area by 25.9% was observed in the study group, accompanied by a reduction of the supranuclear zone by 22.1% vs. the control group. Conclusion. We found that bronchial mucous membrane in rodents with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus exhibits signs of atrophy and partial loss of mucous production by bronchial secretory cells.

Antihyperglycemic activity of Ficus carica leaves extracts on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 4151-4156
Author(s):  
Tathagata Roy ◽  
Susanta Paul ◽  
Victor Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Arijit Das ◽  
Srikanta Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Antihyperglycemic activity of leave extracts of Ficus carica was evaluated on STZ induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats of either sex by intraperitoneal (60mg/kg b.w.) of STZ, freshly dissolved in citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 4.5). Ficus carica leave extract in different solution (viz. petroleum ether, ethyloacetate, methanol and aqueous) were administered to diabetic rats for 9 days. The effect of extracts on blood glucose and body weight was studies on day 1st and 9th. The study showed that the ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extract of Ficus sarmentosa leaves reduced blood glucose level and body weight significantly. This may justify the use of ficus species as ethanomedical medicine for treatment of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The Togolese Medicinal Recipe, Diabeto-Dolvo® Exerted Antidiabetic Effects in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 16223-16236
Author(s):  
Holaly Efui Gbekley ◽  
Kokou Idoh ◽  
Nassifatou Titikpina ◽  
Kodjovi Agbodeka Agbodeka ◽  
Kokou Anani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Multiple Treatments

Objective: this study was to evaluate the toxicity of a herbal recipe Diabeto-Dolvo® (DD) and its efficacy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Methodology and results: The toxicity test was performed by oral administration of the extract to rats while diabetes was induced with streptozotocin, the 250, and 500 mg / kg body weight. The results of the toxicity tests revealed no evidence of mortality or morbidity suggesting an LD50 greater than 5000 mg / kg. Similarly, the biochemical and haematological parameters remained unchanged. In antidiabetic tests, there was a progressive decrease followed by a normalization of the glucose level of the treated rats. Overall, the extract at 250 and 500 mg / kg body weight resulted in a significant reduction in glycated haemoglobin, amylase, lipase, G6PD and serum lipids. Conclusion and application of results: This study revealed that, the treatment with the recipe might repair oxidative damages, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in diabetic rats in the same way as the treatment with glibenclamide. This study is a contribution to the experimental validation of the DD recipe. In research and development application, the DD recipe will be used in the treatment of cases of diabetes mellitus. A natural product, it will support the multiple treatments of so-called conventional medicine, relatively expensive for the population. Key words: Diabeto-Dolvo®; blood glucose; oxidative damage; streptozotocin; diabetes mellitus; Togo.

scholarly journals Study on Synergistic Effect of Bromocriptine and Sitagliptin in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraj Nileshraj ◽  
Chandrasekaran Swithraa ◽  
Murugesan Sakthibalan ◽  
Maruti Shripati Sawadkar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Liver Parameters ◽  
Dose Combination

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide. Restoration of euglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is difficult to achieve due to its multifactorial pathogenesis and frequently requires multiple anti-diabetic medications with different mechanism of action. This study is based on the possible synergistic effect of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptine in reducing blood sugar in diabetic animal models. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptinemonotherapy and their combination in three different doses on blood sugar, Lipid profile, Liver and renal parameters in diabetic albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental animal study was conducted on 48 adult male albino wistar rats for a period of one month (August 2014). Streptozotocin induced (40 mg/kg IP) diabetic rats were divided into six groups of eight animals each weighing 150-200 gms. Group I- Vehicle (distilled water), Group II- Sitagliptin (100 mg/kg), Group III- Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), Group IV- Sitagliptin (75 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (7.5 mg/kg), Group V- Sitagliptin (100 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), Group VI- Sitagliptin (125 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (12.5 mg/kg). All drugs were given once daily (p.o) for four weeks. Body weight, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile, liver parameters and renal parameters were estimated before and after administration of the drugs. Results were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.0 using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett t test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The low dose combination therapy [Sitagliptin (75 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (7.5 mg/kg)] showed a significant decrease in body weight (p<0.05), fasting blood sugar (p<0.001) compared with the vehicle group. It also showed a favorable lipid profile, renal and liver parameters compared with the vehicle, monotherapy and other combination regimens. Conclusion: The low dose combination therapy of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptine showed a better control over fasting blood sugar along with a beneficial effect on lipid profile, liver parameters and renal parameters than compared to other groups.

Hepatoprotective effect of seabuckthorn leaf extract in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Khajuria ◽  
P. Raghuwanshi ◽  
A. Rastogi ◽  
A. L. Koul ◽  
R. Zargar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Seabuckthorn leaf extract (SLE) supplementation on serum enzymatic levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups namely CON (negative control), SCO (Seabuckthorn control), DCO (Diabetic control), and DSL (Diabetic seabuckthorn treatment group). Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intra peritoneal injection of STZ @ 50 mg/kg body weight in DCO and DSL group of rats. SLE was administered orally @ 100mg/kg body weight for 40 days to SCO and DSL groups. CON served as the negative control. Blood samples were collected from experimental animals on zero, 20th, and 40th days of trial to study liver specific serum enzyme profile viz aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher levels of all the enzymes studied were observed in experimentally induced diabetic rats in comparison to normal rats. However, in SLE treated diabetic rats (DSL group), significant (P less than 0.01) improvement was observed in all the above enzymes. It may be concluded that SLE exerts hepatoprotective effect in STZ induce Diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽  
Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽  
Alice Calone ◽  
Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽  
Carla Bartuscheck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna & Syzygium cumini in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1870-1882
Author(s):  
Takru Harshit ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Kumar Kapil ◽  
Nagarajan K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.

scholarly journals The role of nicotinamide in the correction of renal function in diabetic nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
L. V. Yanitskaya ◽  
L. F. Osinskaya ◽  
A. V. Redko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
The Difference

Hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus leads to the activation of the polyol way of oxidation of glucose with the activation of the enzymes of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and of their coenzymes NADPH and NAD, which triggers the mechanism of formation of sorbitol. The consequences of these changes lead to microangiopathy of the tissues of the kidneys, which may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy. In an accessible literature, the role of coenzymes of sorbitol pathway in the development of diabetic nephropathy is not sufficiently defined. The purpose of the study was to study the content of NAD and NADPH coenzymes, their correlation, and their role in the mechanism of kidney damage in diabetes mellitus and to predict the possible correction of these changes with the NAD-nicotinamide derivative. The study was conducted on a model of streptotrozectinic diabetes mellitus (single administration of streptozotocin in a dose of 60 mg per 1 kg of body weight). Four weeks after induction of diabetes, nicotinamide (100 mg per 1 kg body weight) was injected. The level of glucose was determined by the Accu-chek (Roshe Diagnostics, Switzerland) glucose meter. The content of NAD and NADH was determined in the non-protein extracts. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Microsoft Excel statistical analysis program. The difference between the indicators was considered statistically significant (p<0.05). The NAD level was reduced by 31%, the NAD/NADN ratio was 32%. The dependence of the ratio of NADP/NADPN in conditions of hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus with clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy is determined. A decrease in the ratio of NADP/NADPN to 38% in the rat kidney in the cortical layer was detected. The introduction of nicotinamide normalized the reduced content of NAD diabetic rats. These results provide perspectives for further research in which nicotinamide can be used as a renal protector.

scholarly journals Reduction of podocytes number in late diabetic alloxan nephropathy: prevention by glycemic control

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Sperandéo Macedo ◽  
Mauro Masson Lerco ◽  
Sônia Maria Capelletti ◽  
Reinaldo José Silva ◽  
Daniela de Oliveira Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Gbm Thickening ◽  
Diabetes Induction

PURPOSE: To determine podocyte number and GBM thickness in diabetic rats either under glycemic control or without glycemic control at 6 and 12 months after diabetes induction. METHODS: 100 wistar rats weighing 200-300g were divided into 6 groups: Normal group (N6 and N12- 25 rats); Diabetic group (D6 and D12- 25 rats), diabetic treated group ( DT 6 and DT 12- 25 rats) on insulin 1,8- 3,0 IU/Kg associated with acarbose (50mg to 100g of food) daily mixed in chow. Alloxan was injected intravenously in a dose of 42 mg/Kg of weight. Body weight, waterintake, 24-h diuresis, glycemia and glucosuria were determined before induction, 7 and 14 days after induction and monthly thereafter. Treatment started at day 14. Three groups were sacrificed at 6 months (N6,D6, DT6) and 3 groups at 12 months (N12, D12, DT12) with the renal tissue being prepared for electron microscopy. RESULTS: Glycemia in DT6¨and in DT12 was significantly different from that in D6 and D12 rats and similar to that in N6 and N12 animals. The number of podocytes in DT6 was not different from that in N6 and D6 (median = 11); the number of podocytes in DT12 (median = 11) differed from that in D12 (median = 8), but not from that in N12 (median = 11). GBM thickness in D6 (0.18 micrometers) was lower than in D12 (0.29 micrometers); while in DT6 (0.16 micrometers) it was lower than in D6 (0.18 micrometers). In DT12 (0.26 micrometers), it was lower than in D12 (0.29 micrometers). CONCLUSION: The control of hyperglycemia prevented GBM thickening in early and late (12 mo) alloxan diabetic nephropathy and podocyte number reduction.

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Olea europaea var. sylvestris in albino Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zaouani ◽  
Fatima Yahiaoui ◽  
Nazli Nacer Bey ◽  
Meriem Hind Ben-Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract

Olea europaea var. sylvestris, also named oleaster, is widely used by traditional medicine practitioners in Algeria to treat high blood pressure and diabetes. However, the antidiarrhoeal activity of this plant has not been scientifically evaluated. The main aim of the study deals with an investigation of three topics: the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, and antidiarrhoeal activity of the oleaster leaf aqueous extract. Acute oral toxicity study was carried out based on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 423 guideline. The extract was orally administered in wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and the animals were observed for mortality, behavioral changes and other abnormal signs. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out using standard methods developed by Harborne, Trease and Evans. Castor oil-induced diarrhoea tests and gastro intestinal motility assay were evaluated in rats to determine the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract. In the acute toxicity study, the extract did not induce death or any sign of toxicity in treated rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The oleaster extract at oral doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight showed a significant (P<0.05) antidiarrhoeal activity compared to the control group treated with castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility assay, after charcoal meal administration. The oleaster leaf aqueous extract has shown a gradual response with increasing dose. The present study indicates that the oleaster leaf aqueous extract is safe with antidiarrhoeal property.

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