scholarly journals Vertical and horizontal composition of fecal pollution indicator bacteria in lotic and lentic ecosystems at Turkish Thrace

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Altinoluk-Mimiroglu ◽  
Belgin Camur-Elipek
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Background and Purpose:Although freshwater ecosystems have natural bacterial populations, their distributions are negatively affected by agricultural activities, domestic and industrial discharges. Bacterial composition at different depths can limit the usage of the water column for drinking, irrigation or other intentions. This study was designed to give similar indications concerning the nature of distribution of indicator bacteria in two different freshwater ecosystem types (lotic and lentic biotopes), and also to identify the factors that might be responsible in shaping them.Materials and Methods:For this aim, stagnant and running water resources located in Meric-Ergene River Basin at Turkish Thrace were sampled at three water depths (surface, middle, bottom) and two sediment depths (shore and bottom) between the dates October 2014 and September 2015 at seasonal intervals. While the heterotrophic bacteria, total and fecal coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli were recorded by the CFU and MPN techniques, some features (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, salinity, nutrients, ions, and elements) were also measured by classical chemical, chromatographic or spectrometric methods.Results and Conslusions:According to the data, the bacterial distribution in each ecosystem was found as similar for the bottom and the surface water columns. Results were also supported statistically by Bray-Curtis similarity index and correspondence analyse. The relationships between the bacterial distribution and environmental features were evaluated by Spearman correlation index. Consequently, it was observed that the bacterial distribution can differ in both water column/sediment depths and lotic/lentic ecosystems. And, it was suggested that the middle water column in each ecosystem is the most proper column for human usage.

scholarly journals Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) as bio-indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1562-1565
Author(s):  
Ebtesam Kadem Khudher ◽  
Ahmed Sabah AL-Jasimee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Bio-indicators such as diatoms from algae considered to be key factors in ecological studies as an assessment of freshwater ecology. Algae are very sensitive to environmental changes and reflect the spatiotemporal changes on exists or biomass of diatoms in waters. Diatoms have been used not just for the assessment of water quality, but also can be used as an organic pollution indicator in the freshwater ecosystems, such as algal water bloom. The reason for using diatoms as bio-indicators was for several characteristics such as rapid growth, and represent high biomass in the freshwater ecosystem. Also, diatoms have high biodiversity among the other aquatic biota and energy flow and cycling. Compared with the other aquatic biota, diatoms reflect ecological disturbance due to high sensitivity to light, temperature, water flow, pH, and oxygen content. Additionally, diatoms are used as an assessment of eutrophication, organic pollution and climate change.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental disturbances on the bacteriological quality of Pagbanganan river in Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fermentation Test

Microorganisms like bacteria are frequently used as indicators of water quality in freshwater ecosystems. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the total coliforms (TC) and total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (TAHB) present in the upstream (Kantagnos), midstream (lgang), and downstream (Kan-ipa) of Pagbanganan River. The most probable number (MPN/100 mL) of TC was determined through multiple tube fermentation test while counts of TAHB present in both water and sediments were enumerated by serial dilution and plating methods. MPN of TC revealed that the river water should not be used as a source of public water supply and as a venue for contact recreational activities like bathing and swimming. Furthermore, TAHB in the sediments of the river did not differ significantly across sites although their values showed a decreasing trend. Conversely, TAHB in the water column of the river significantly increased from upstream to downstream. These results are most probably influenced by the quarrying activities present in the area. In the upstream where there is no quarrying activity, TAHB was higher in sediment than in the water, while in the downstream where quarrying activities are present, it is otherwise. Because of these significant differences, it is believed that the ratios of TAHB present in the water column and sediments are potential indicators of sediment disturbance in the aquatic environment. The results of this study imply that proper management of Pagbanganan River by all sectors of the community is needed to keep it sustainable for safe use.

scholarly journals Bacterial pollution indicators associated in the tissues of an estuarine fish Mugil cephalus from Ashtamudi lake, a Ramsar site of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothy Lakshmi ◽  
S. Nandakumar ◽  
M.G. Sanal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fecal Streptococci

Fishes are continuously exposed to the microorganisms present in water and in the sediment. The present study was attempted to screen the pollution indicator bacteria in the tissues of an estuarine fish Mugil cephalus from Kureepuzha Backwater, a part of Ashtamudi Lake. Total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci were enumerated from the fish tissues using standard microbiological procedures. Comparison of bacterial count in the skin, gill and gut of Mugil cephalus revealed that highest count of indicator microbes were found in the skin followed by the gill and gut of fish from all sites except site 4. Fishes from site 4, they show bacteria predominantly in the gut. Two way Anova showed a significant difference in microbial count between sites and between tissues except Total heterotrophic bacteria and fecal streptococci between sites. Results of physico chemical parameters also supports that the anthropogenic activities accumulated in the study area, causing the disruption of hydrological quality of Lake and thus increases the load of detrimental microorganisms. Hence it is recommended that good processing of fish such as washing, scraping scales, removal of gills and gut contents and proper cooking help to reduce microbial pathogen in fish body and make it safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Bacteriology of the fresh water bivalve clam Batissa violacea (Kai) sold in the Suva market

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
A A M Hatha ◽  
K S Christi ◽  
R Singh ◽  
S Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Forty samples of freshwater clam (Batissa violacea), popularly known as Kai, collected from the Suva market were analysed for total aerobic plate count and total coliforms. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plate count were also characterised up to genera. The results indicated higher than acceptable level of plate count and coliform bacteria. While total plate count of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 5.5 x 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram to more than 107 cfu/ gram, total coliform load varied between 1.1 x 104 to 1.1 x 105 per 100 gm of Kai flesh. The characterisation of the heterotrophic bacteria revealed the predominance of the genera Micrococcus (34%) and Bacillus (24%). Other genera encountered included Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed the need for depuration of the Kai in clean running water to reduce the bacterial load to acceptable levels. Temperature control soon after harvesting by proper icing and thorough cooking of the Kai before consumption is also recommended.

MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

H2S papers as presumptive tests for Salmonella contamination in tropical drinking water

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Gawthorne ◽  
Robyn A. Gibbs ◽  
Kuruvilla Mathew ◽  
Goen E. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Tropical Waters ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Traditional Indicator

Coliform bacteria may not be adequate as sole indicators of recent faecal contamination in tropical waters. Salmonella spp. in particular have been found in tropical waters in the absence of traditional indicator bacteria. Remote areas without access to a laboratory have no opportunity for salmonellae analysis as portable tests are currently not available. H2S papers indicate the presence of hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria, a characteristic shared by the majority of Salmonella spp.. The potential of H2S papers to act as a presumptive test for salmonellae in the absence of coliform bacteria was assessed. Salmonella spp. grew in the H2S medium, with an optimum incubation temperature of 37°C and a recommended length of incubation for a negative result of 48 hours. The presence of high numbers of the type of noncoliform bacteria commonly found in drinking water did not affect the performance of the H2S strips. H2S papers are recommended for use in conjunction with a coliform test as a presumptive test for the presence of Salmonella spp. in drinking water.

scholarly journals Microbial Load on Paper/Polymer Currency and Coins

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Kayo Devi Yami ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Contamination Level

Currency notes and coins serve as an agency of transmission of microorganisms since they are passed freely from hand to hand as a medium of exchange. A research, with an objective to explore the microbial load on Nepalese paper/ polymer currency notes and coins, was carried out at the Environment Laboratory of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar from November 2006 to May 2007. All together 63 samples of paper/polymer notes and coins from different professionals of different places at Kathmandu were collected and analyzed for the presence of microorganisms. Among the total tested paper/ polymer and coin samples, 98.4% were found to have heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, 87.3% were contaminated with coliform bacteria and 79.4% showed presence of Staphylococci. Contamination level was found in increasing order of coins> polymer notes>paper notes. The presence of high microbial load on currency notes and coins indicate the potentials of such currencies for possible disease spread in the human communities. Key words: currency notes; coins; heterotrophic bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Staphylococci DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3173 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 105-109

scholarly journals Decay of Fecal Indicator Bacterial Populations and Bovine-Associated Source-Tracking Markers in Freshly Deposited Cow Pats

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelumola Oladeinde ◽  
Thomas Bohrmann ◽  
Kelvin Wong ◽  
S. T. Purucker ◽  
Ken Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decay Rate ◽  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Decay Dynamic

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the survival of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and microbial source-tracking (MST) markers is critical to developing pathogen fate and transport models. Although pathogen survival in water microcosms and manure-amended soils is well documented, little is known about their survival in intact cow pats deposited on pastures. We conducted a study to determine decay rates of fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coliand enterococci) and bovine-associated MST markers (CowM3, Rum-2-bac, and GenBac) in 18 freshly deposited cattle feces from three farms in northern Georgia. Samples were randomly assigned to shaded or unshaded treatment in order to determine the effects of sunlight, moisture, and temperature on decay rates. A general linear model (GLM) framework was used to determine decay rates. Shading significantly decreased the decay rate of theE. colipopulation (P< 0.0001), with a rate of −0.176 day−1for the shaded treatment and −0.297 day−1for the unshaded treatment. Shading had no significant effect on decay rates of enterococci, CowM3, Rum-2-bac, and GenBac (P> 0.05). In addition,E. colipopulations showed a significant growth rate (0.881 day−1) in the unshaded samples during the first 5 days after deposition. UV-B was the most important parameter explaining the decay rate ofE. colipopulations. A comparison of the decay behaviors among all markers indicated that enterococcus concentrations exhibit a better correlation with the MST markers thanE. coliconcentrations. Our results indicate that bovine-associated MST markers can survive in cow pats for at least 1 month after excretion, and although their decay dynamic differs from the decay dynamic ofE. colipopulations, they seem to be reliable markers to use in combination with enterococci to monitor fecal pollution from pasture lands.

Protozoa abundance, growth, and bacterivory in the water column, on sedimenting particles, and in the sediment of Halifax Harbor

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Novitsky
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Protozoan Grazing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Doubling Times

The role of protozoan grazing in controlling bacterial populations was examined in four microbial habitats in Halifax Harbor, Canada: the water column, setting particles, the sediment–water interface, and the sediment. Large numbers of protozoans were found in all habitats although most (>56%) were small (<5 μm) flagellates. Protozoans larger than 10 μm were rarely observed; protozoans >20 μm were never observed. Protozoans were also observed to a depth of 9 cm below the sediment surface although efforts to culture viable protozoa failed except for the top 1 cm. The use of the metabolic inhibitor cycloheximide with and without colchicine to selectively inhibit eucaryotic metabolism was shown to severely affect procaryotic metabolism in sediment (and presumably particle and water) samples. Using fluorescently labelled bacteria as food, and under optimum conditions, up to 42% of the Protozoa population exhibited active grazing within 7 h. Using protozoan and bacterial community sizes and doubling times, it was calculated that each protozoan in Halifax Harbor would have to consume 13–118 bacteria per hour for the enumerated nanoplanktonic (<20 μm) Protozoa to be the sole control of the size of the bacterial community. Key words: marine, Protozoa, bacterivory, particles, bacteria.

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