scholarly journals Microbial Load on Paper/Polymer Currency and Coins

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Kayo Devi Yami ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Contamination Level

Currency notes and coins serve as an agency of transmission of microorganisms since they are passed freely from hand to hand as a medium of exchange. A research, with an objective to explore the microbial load on Nepalese paper/ polymer currency notes and coins, was carried out at the Environment Laboratory of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar from November 2006 to May 2007. All together 63 samples of paper/polymer notes and coins from different professionals of different places at Kathmandu were collected and analyzed for the presence of microorganisms. Among the total tested paper/ polymer and coin samples, 98.4% were found to have heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, 87.3% were contaminated with coliform bacteria and 79.4% showed presence of Staphylococci. Contamination level was found in increasing order of coins> polymer notes>paper notes. The presence of high microbial load on currency notes and coins indicate the potentials of such currencies for possible disease spread in the human communities. Key words: currency notes; coins; heterotrophic bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Staphylococci DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3173 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 105-109

scholarly journals CEMARAN BAKTERI MESOFILIK AEROBIK PADA CEKER AYAM DALAM SOTO DARI TIGA LOKASI RUMAH MAKAN DI BANDA ACEH (Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria Contamination of chicken shank in soto from three restaurant locations in Banda Aceh)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuku Reza Ferasyi ◽  
Razali Razali ◽  
Safarwati Safarwati ◽  
Nurliana Nurliana ◽  
Sulasmi Sulasmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Maximum Limit

This study was aimed to test the level of mesophilic aerobic bacteria contamination on chicken shank in "soto" food from restaurants in three different locations, Inong Balee-Darussalam, Ulee Kareng, and Campus of Unsyiah. A purpossive sampling method was used in this study. The sample of chicken shank in soto were collected in the morning at 10.00 a.m. and in the afternoon at 14.00 p.m. Samples were collected for 3 consecutive days. For each sampling, a total of 25 grams of chicken shank was put into plastic bag and directly transfer to the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University. The result showed that the chicken shank in the soto food from three locations of restaurant had been contaminated with mesofilic aerobic bacteria with contamination level exceeds the maximum limit of microbial contamination as allowed in SNI - 2000.Key words: soto, shank, restaurants

MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

The objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture.

scholarly journals ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO E A TENDÊNCIA À RAZÃO INSTRUMENTAL

Revista Labor ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Elenilce Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Augusto De Oliveira Azevedo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Important Milestone

Resumo  Destaca a tendência à razão instrumental, com base em Theodor W. Adorno e Max Horkheimer, cuja crítica a essa racionalidade constitui marco importante para a compreensão dos obstáculos à emancipação e à liberdade humana. A metodologia tem suporte na acepção do materialismo histórico-dialético, de modo a evidenciar elementos atinentes às relações histórico-sociais. Dessa maneira, põe em ressalto peculiaridades relativas à manifestação desta racionalidade no âmbito do Estágio Supervisionado, componente curricular da Licenciatura em Teatro, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará.   Palavras-chave: Racionalidade. Adorno. Horkheimer. Formação. Estágio Supervised internship and tendency to instrumental reason Abstract  The present paper highlights the tendency to instrumental reason as developed by Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer, whose criticism to this rationality constitutes an important milestone for understanding the obstacles to human emancipation and freedom. The methodology is based on the dialectical and historical materialism, in order to point elements related to historical-social relations. In this way, it emphasizes peculiarities related to the manifestation of this rationality within the scope of Supervised Internship as one of the curricular components of the Teaching License in Theater at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará. Key-words: Rationality. Adorno. Horhheimer. Formation. Supervised Internship.

scholarly journals Modernisasi Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam (Studi Atas Pemikiran Azyumardi Azra)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Imam Nur Hukum
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Global Competition

Abstract: Modernization is an effort to change in order to aligned with contemporary demands and needs. The curriculum of Islamic education is important to be modernized so that the curriculum is contextual so as to give an answer to the demands and needs of the students according to era. One of the underlying need for the modernization of Islamic education is characterized curriculum of Islamic education is still a “traditionalist” (despite the fact that not all of them), with one feature of the persistence of the dichotomization of science (materials) of Islamic education, or tend to concerned with the general materials beyond religious materials. Azyumardi Azra, as a prominent reform of Islamic education in Indonesia, declared that the rapid development of science and technology demands Islamic education to be responsive and up to date, so that Muslims continue to survive and compete with advanced nations. For Azyumardi, “making stepchild” science and technology is an attitude that will bring a decline, backwardness, and underdevelopment in the global competition which is getting tougher. Therefore according to Azyumardi, the integration of science (general and religious) in Islamic education is the thing that should be done as a solution to promote Islamic education so as able to compete and beat the forefront. Key words: Modernization, Curriculum, Islamic Education

scholarly journals SIMBIOSIS MUTUALISME PERPUSTAKAAN DENGAN MEDIA CETAK SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBUDAYAKAN MEMBACA DAN MENULIS BAGI MASYARAKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rohmadi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Knowledge Resource ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Symbiotic Mutualism ◽  
The Media

<p>Library and print media as a medium for the dissemination of information and knowledge resource centers. Both the media must have the positive integration of mutual benefi t. It is a form of strengthening the various models of information disseminated directly and indirectly. Various models of literacy and knowledge appeared in the print media and it is presented in the library. Therefore, it is necessary to unify the vision synergistic effort between the library and print media so that it can occur symbiotic mutualism between the library and the print media in a variety of contexts of science and technology and the arts.</p><p>Key words: symbiotic mutualism, libraries, print media, reading, and writing.</p>

Ripensare la "Sociologia urbana". Parte seconda: da bisogno di coerenza a ipotesi di imprevedibilitŕ

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-41
Author(s):  
Paolo Guidicini
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Safety Technology

- I come back to the debate which was begun in the "first part". Now, I focus on the concept of "structure" as a basic moment in the empirical research on the territory (in particular, the concept of perceived structure will be considered). After that, I will stress the connection between science and technology, and the importance to insert them in an Urban Sociology debate (Heidegger and the concept of Ge-Steel). Then, I will conclude putting into evidence the difficulty in territory fruition.Key words: social morphology, structured territorial context, safety/technology, ontology of decline.

Effects of seasonal variation and locations on microbial load in sediment and water of a polluted ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
A.N. Okereke ◽  
J.C. Ike-Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Seasonal effects on microbial load of sediment and water at different locations along Bonny Estuary of Niger Delta was investigated for a period of 12 months. All analyses followed standard procedure. Results revealed that total fungi counts in sediment and water at different locations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) at both wet and dry seasons while hydrocarbon utilizing fungi showed significant differences (p < 0.05) at both seasons in both sediment and water samples. During the wet season, total faecal counts ranged from 5.0 to 10.0 x 105 CFU/g for sediment and 4.0 to 7.0x 105 CFU/g in water. In dry season, the concentration of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the sediment ranged between 0.1 x 105 CFU/ml/g and 8.0 x 105 CFU/ml/g in wet season while in dry season, the concentration in water ranged between 0.1 x 105 CFU/ml/g and 6.0 x 105 CFU/ml/g at Abuloma. At Okwujagu, total heterotrophic bacteria counts in sediment ranged  from 0.1 to 8.0 x 105 CFU/g in dry season. This was higher than the range 0.1 to 6.8.0 x 105 CFU/ recorded in Abuloma, Okwujagu and Slaughter at dry season. The highest vibrio counts in water (11.0 x 105 CFU/ml) for wet and (10.0 x 105 CFU/ml) for dry seasons were recorded at Slaughter. In Oginiba, the feacal count recorded 3.0 x 105 CFU/ml in water during the wet season and 2.0 x 105 CFU/ml for dry season. Generally, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the bacterial concentrations in both sediment and water. This showed that different seasons favour the growth of certain microbial types.

Potato-Like Odor of Retail Beef Cuts Associated with Species of Pseudomonas

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. DAISE ◽  
E. A. ZOTTOLA ◽  
R. J. EPLEY
Keyword(s):  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Consumer Complaints ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Litmus Milk ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
Retail Cuts

Retail cuts of beef and hamburger packages from a North Dakota meat processor were examined due to consumer complaints of a strong potato-like or musty odor associated with the meat. Examination for total numbers of aerobic bacteria on plate count agar and for gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria on crystal violet tetrazolium agar revealed numbers in excess of 108 CFU/g. Numbers of coliform bacteria on violet red bile agar were in excess of 106 CFU/g. Gram-negative rods were isolated and identified. The isolates were characterized by a positive catalase reaction, oxidase production, an oxidative O/F reaction, nonutilization of lactose, liquefication of nutrient gelatin, slight motility, production of acid in litmus milk with decoloration and clotting, nonproduction of indole, and nonreduction of nitrate. The isolate was tentatively identified as a Pseudomonas of undetermined species, probably a variant of either Pseudomonas taetrolens or Pseudomonas perolens.

scholarly journals Solid-supported Synthesis of 3, 4-dihydrobenzo [2, 3-d] pyrimidines

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Solid Supports ◽  
Substituted 1

Different 3,4-dihydrobenzo[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of substituted 1, 3- cyclohexadienes and formamide, using inorganic solid supports under microwaves. Simple and commonly available compounds were used as starting materials in the reactions. The compounds were tested against different fungal and bacterial strains and found considerably effective. Key words: inorganic solid supports; microwave; benzopyrimidines; environmentally benign; antimicrobial DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4138Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 153-158

scholarly journals Investigation on the Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Maize in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dawlatana ◽  
S Shahida ◽  
Matiur Rahim ◽  
M Tariqul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Key Words Maize

Maize was collected from different markets of Bangladesh for the determination of ochratoxin A. Simultaneously controlled maize samples were analyzed to assess the ochratoxin A level of market samples and that of controlled samples. A total of 120 samples were analyzed to determine ochratoxin A including 70 market samples and 50 controlled samples. Market samples were found containing a high contamination level of ochratoxin A ranged from 1 to 117 μg/kg and incidence rate was 40% whereas in the controlled samples the contamination rate was found very low ranged from 3 to 9 μg/kg and the incidence rate was found 10% only. Key words: Maize, Ochratoxin A, Occurrence, Bangladesh, HPTLC   doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2239 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 495-500, 2008

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