scholarly journals Values, environmental vulnerabilities, and implications on adaptation: Evidence from an indigenous Raika community in Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Arora
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Parallel Change ◽  
Adaptation Decision

Global environmental change has exacerbated the vulnerabilities of pastoral communities in India, who have already been sidelined in the current development and modernization discourse. The Raikas are one of the largest groups of indigenous nomadic pastoralists residing in the semi-arid regions of Northwest India. They are facing the brunt of shrinking grazing areas, social marginalization, and economic pressures. The past two decades have witnessed additional challenges, such as water scarcity and rainfall variability, which have pushed them beyond their adaptive threshold. These churnings have led to a radical shift in their values and climate adaptation strategies. However, the role and importance of social values in shaping their response to environmental change are not well understood. This study conducted life history interviews and focus group discussions with community members to examine social values and their linkages with climate adaptation decision-making in Raikas. The findings demonstrate that the community’s livelihood, health, and social cohesion are severely affected by environmental change, entwined with social, economic, and political stressors. There is a parallel change taking place in their social values. Their values related to esteem, self-actualization, safety, and belongingness have witnessed shifts, leading them away from pastoralism. This has ramifications on their adaptation decision-making. Their time-tested and preferred choice of adaptation in the face of drought and water scarcity – seasonal livestock migration – is no longer desirable. New adaptation options, such as urban migration, have emerged, while traditional measures have declined in popularity. There is an urgent need to understand and engage with a broader set of methodologies and literature to facilitate the integration of social values in vulnerability and adaptation assessments. The inclusion of social values presents an opportunity to understand the subjective limits of adaptation better as well as to expand adaptation pathways.

scholarly journals Improving the practice of economic analysis of climate change adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Michael Mullan ◽  
Jennifer Helgeson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Adaptation Decision

Abstract:The development of national and sectoral climate change adaptation strategies is burgeoning in the US and elsewhere in response to damages from extreme events and projected future risks from climate change. Increasingly, decision makers are requesting information on the economic damages of climate change as well as costs, benefits, and tradeoffs of alternative actions to inform climate adaptation decisions. This paper provides a practical view of the applications of economic analysis to aid climate change adaptation decision making, with a focus on benefit-cost analysis (BCA). We review the recent developments and applications of BCA with implications for climate risk management and adaptation decision making, both in the US and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. We found that BCA is still in early stages of development for evaluating adaptation decisions, and to date is mostly being applied to investment project-based appraisals. Moreover, the best practices of economic analysis are not fully reflected in the BCAs of climate adaptation-relevant decisions. The diversity of adaptation measures and decision-making contexts suggest that evaluation of adaptation measures may require multiple analytical methods. The economic tools and information would need to be transparent, accessible, and match with the decision contexts to be effective in enhancing decision making. Based on the current evidence, a set of analytical considerations is proposed for improving economic analysis of climate adaptation that includes the need to better address uncertainty and to understand the cross-sector and general equilibrium effects of sectoral and national adaptation policy.

Livelihoods with multiple stressors: Gendered youth decision-making under global change in rural Northwest Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1119
Author(s):  
Stephanie Buechler ◽  
América Lutz-Ley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Feminist Political Ecology ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Livelihood Systems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Future

Livelihoods in rural communities have become increasingly complex due to rapidly changing socio-economic and environmental forces, with differing impacts on and responses by female and male youth. This study contributes to feminist political ecology through an explicit focus on youth and an examination of the intersections of age and gender in educational choices, livelihood systems, and human–environment interactions. We undertake double exposures analysis to explore female and male youths’ livelihood-related decision-making in Rayón, a semi-arid rural community in Northwest Mexico, undergoing global environmental change and globalization-related shifts in agriculture, climate, water, and socio-economic conditions. Global environmental change exacerbates an already fragile, local ecological context. A focus on gender issues among youth in three age categories (14–15, 16–19, and youth in their 20s) with respect to their decision-making concerning the future is critical to gaining a better understanding of the roles women and men will play in linked agricultural and non-agricultural, rural to urban livelihood systems. Agricultural employment increasingly includes global agribusiness where local youth compete with people from other areas. Access to employment, education, as well as water and land resources varied by gender, age, and social class, and played significant roles in livelihood diversification and migration decisions and outcomes. Mothers’ access to government assistance for their natural resource-based livelihoods positively impacted daughters’ opportunities. Educational curricula failed to link environmental change with local livelihoods and to prepare students for urban careers. This study offers insights related to female and male youths’ needs associated with environmental education, technology access, job training, and child and sibling care in order for them to more successfully confront the future across village, town, and city spaces.

scholarly journals Towards Just Resilience: Representing and Including New Constituencies in Adaptive Governance and Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Margherita Pieraccini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract Resilience has become a key concept in the era of global environmental change in both academic and policy circles. Social scientists have singled out adaptive governance as the most appropriate regulatory strategy to build resilience. Although adaptive governance scholars are proponents of participatory decision-making, they have not explored in depth the democratic potential of adaptive governance. Questions of who should be represented and why have not been fully addressed from a normative viewpoint. Building on political theories of justice and green political thinking, this article explores more in depth the issue of procedural justice and representation in adaptive governance. In doing so the article makes a first attempt at developing the theoretical foundations for ‘just resilience’.

scholarly journals Advancing Scenario Planning for Climate Decision Making

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Garfin ◽  
Mary Black ◽  
Erika Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Adaptation Decision

Scenario Planning for Climate Adaptation Decision Making; Tucson, Arizona, 31 March to 1 April 2015

scholarly journals Aplikace participativních metod v oblasti globálních problémů životního prostředí

Envigogika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vačkář ◽  
Eliška Krkoška Lorencová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adaptive Decision Making

Participatory methods gain increasing popularity in the area of sustainable development and environmental change. The reason is not only to get information from experts or key actors in the area, but also the aspect of participation and education. In this article, we focus on analyzing the experience of using the participative deliberative method of World Café in various cultural environments and various topics of global environmental change. Complex problems in the area of global environmental change, represented here by the adaptation to climate change, the assessment of ecosystem services, and climate smart agriculture, require the involvement of diverse actors in the decision-making process. The resulting knowledge, gained through the application of scientific inputs and their confrontation with the experience and values of the individual actors, provide the basis for adaptive decision-making and contribute to solving environmental problems. Participatory methods also enable the social learning of the actors involved, support knowledge co-production through sharing and exchange of experience, which ultimately promotes the more effective implementation of scientific knowledge into practice. On examples from the Czech Republic, Kyrgyzstan and Ghana, we illustrate the possibilities of participatory methods to support policy and decision-making in the area of global environmental change.

scholarly journals Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ricciardi ◽  
Josephine C. Iacarella ◽  
David C. Aldridge ◽  
Tim M. Blackburn ◽  
James T. Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
The Face

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of invasion. A second priority is to understand the potential synergistic effects of multiple co-occurring stressors – particularly involving climate change – on the establishment and impact of non-native species. Climate adaptation and mitigation strategies will need to consider the possible consequences of promoting non-native species, and appropriate management responses to non-native species will need to be developed. The third priority is to address the taxonomic impediment. The ability to detect and evaluate invasion risks is compromised by a growing deficit in taxonomic expertise, which cannot be adequately compensated by new molecular technologies alone. Management of biosecurity risks will become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, and governments train and employ new personnel in taxonomy and systematics. Fourth, we recommend that internationally cooperative biosecurity strategies consider the bridgehead effects of global dispersal networks, in which organisms tend to invade new regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries to eradicate or control species established in bridgehead regions should yield greater benefit than independent attempts by individual countries to exclude these species from arriving and establishing.

scholarly journals CLIMATE ADAPTATION DECISION-MAKING: THE GULF COAST PHASE 2 PILOT STUDY

2018 ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jerald Ramsden ◽  
Justin Lennon ◽  
Benny Louie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Adaptation Decision

The Gulf Coast Study is an initiative from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Office of Sustainability to study the projected impacts of climate change on transportation infrastructure in the Gulf Coast region. The Phase 2 portion of the Gulf Coast Study was focused on the greater Mobile, Alabama, area with the purpose of providing detailed assessments of the performance of critical infrastructure under specific climate change threats in a coastal environment. This presentation will include a discussion of the Adaptation Decision-making Assessment Process (ADAP) that was developed by WSP in conjunction with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), (2016). The Gulf Coast Phase 2 Pilot Study included an Engineering Analysis of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures FHWA (2014) that followed the 11-step ADAP process. The process was applied to 10 case studies. Two of these case studies are presented, highlighting application of ADAP to coastal transportation infrastructure.

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