Efficient technology for the extraction of non-ferrous metals from liquid production waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Inyukhin ◽  
A.P. Korzhavyi ◽  
V.V. Maksimov ◽  
V.K. Shatalov
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Palladium Chloride ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Activated State ◽  
Chloride Sulfate

The results of the study of Cu(II) to Cu(I) reduction process in chloride-sulfate solutions under the action of carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure in the presence of palladium chloride(II) acting as catalyst are reported. This process is described by general equation: 2Cu2+ +2SO2-4 +2Cl +CO+H O- 2 →Pd(II) 2CuCl+CO +2H +2SO2 + 2-4 . It has been shown product mix in the sediment obtained hydrocarbonyl process. Thus, the recovery process Cu(II) → Cu(I) with the action of CO is catalyzed by Pd(II) in the initial stage, and then develops in an autocatalytic mode with the subsequent redox decomposition intermediate. As a reducing agent serve ligand molecules of CO which are in activated state: CO+HO=CO +2H +2e2 2 + .

scholarly journals Reconfiguration of Point Defects in FCC and HCP Metals at Initial Stage of Recovery Process/ Rekonfiguracja Struktury Defektów Sieciowych W Początkowym Stadium Zdrowienia Metali O Sieci Rsc I Hz

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321-1325
Author(s):  
G. Boczkal ◽  
M. Perek-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Point Defects ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Analysis Of Change

Abstract The conducted studies regarded the analysis of change of structure of point defects occurring during initial stage of recovery of FCC (Al, Cu) and HCP (Ti, Mg and Zn) metals at temperature close to Th =0.5Tm. The changes in resistivity of the deformed and later recovered samples were measured. The recovery time was 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min. The observed changes were correlated with reorganization of arrangement of lattice defects during annealing.

scholarly journals SORPTION EXTRACTION OF PLATINUM METALS FROM CHLORIDE – SULFATE AND SULFATE ACIDIC SOLUTIONS BY POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBERS FIBAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya ◽  
Anna A. Shirokaya ◽  
Sergey A. Solov’ev
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Electronic Spectra ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Platinum Metals ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Acidic Chloride ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Degree Of Extraction

The sorption of platinum group metals by fibers FIBAN AK-22 and A-5 from acidic chloride-sulfate and sulfate solutions was studied under static conditions. FIBAN contains primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups. The degree of extraction of platinum metals is calculated. The optimal conditions of sorption from the model solutions are determined. The influence of the temperature regime on the sorption process is established. It is shown, that all platinum group metals are quantitatively extracted from acidic chloride-sulfate solutions by fiber FIBAN AK-22 regardless of the concentration of chloride ions, H2SO4 and temperature absorption. Extraction exceeds 96% at a concentration of sulfuric acid up to 3 mol/dm3 and chloride ion up to 1 mol/dm3. Extraction of osmium is maximum at a concentration of sulfuric acid and chloride ion 3 mol/dm3. The degree of extraction of platinum group metals on FIBAN A-5 is from 50 to 85% and is maximum at elevated temperature and concentrations of H2SO4 and chloride ion 1 mol/dm3 and decreases with increasing concentration of sulfuric acid. Electronic spectra of platinum metal solutions were obtained and the state of platinum metals in chloride and chloride-sulfate solutions was estimated. After the introduction of sulfuric acid into the system, changes in the electronic spectra of platinum (IV), ruthenium and osmium solutions were noted. The spectra of palladium, rhodium and iridium solutions have not changed. When extracting platinum metals from production sulfate solutions of complex composition with a high content of macro components (Ni, Cu, Fe, Te and Se), the efficiency of fiber AK-22 is shown. The advantages of fiber FIBAN AK-22 over FIBAN A-5 are noted.

scholarly journals Formation of spherical Sn particles by reducing SnO2 film in floating wire-assisted H2/Ar plasma at atmospheric pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Thuy-Nga Nguyen ◽  
Minoru Sasaki ◽  
Takayoshi Tsutsumi ◽  
Kenji Ishikawa ◽  
Masaru Hori
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Plasma Properties ◽  
Total Reduction ◽  
Ar Plasma

Abstract A green method to synthesize spherical Sn particles by reducing SnO2 film in atmospheric-pressure H2/Ar plasma at low temperatures for various applications is presented. The floating wire-assisted remotely-generated plasma with a mixture of 0.05% H2/Ar gas formed spherical metallic Sn particles by reducing a SnO2 layer on glass substrate. During the reduction process, H radical density was measured by using vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and plasma properties including electron density and gas temperature were diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy. The inductively coupled generated plasma with a high electron density of 1014 cm−3, a hydrogen atom density of 1014 cm−3, and a gas temperature of 940 K was obtained at a remote region distance of 150 mm where the SnO2/glass substrate was placed for plasma treatment. The process has been modeled on the spherical Sn formation based on the reduction of SnO2 films using H radicals. Depending on the treatment condition, the total reduction area, where spherical Sn particles formed, was enlarged and could reach 300 mm2 after 2 min. The substrate temperature affected the expansion rate of the total reduction area and the growth of the Sn spheres.

Influence of Ion Implantation of Several Elements on Oxidation Behavior of TiAl

2006 ◽  
Vol 522-523 ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Yoshihara ◽  
Shigeji Taniguchi ◽  
D. Furumaki ◽  
M. Aono
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cyclic Oxidation Test ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

TiAl-based alloys have attractive properties as light weight heat-resisting material. In the present work, the influence of Cu, Zn, Ag and Se on the oxidation behavior of TiAl was investigated by ion implantation at acceleration voltage of 50 kV and ion doses of 1019 to 2x1021 ions/m2. The oxidation behavior was assessed by a cyclic oxidation test at 1200 K in a flow of purified oxygen under atmospheric pressure. The oxidation products were analyzed by conventional methods including X-ray diffractometry, SEM and EPMA. The implantation of Zn and Cu improves the oxidation resistance significantly by forming virtually Al2O3 scales, while Ag and Se enhance the oxidation. The improvement by Zn is attributable to the formation of complex oxide of Zn in the initial stage of oxidation. The oxygen partial pressure under the layer seems to be very low, resulting in the formation of alumina scale due to a selective oxidation of Al. The influence of Cu is not certain. The influence of Ag and Se is explained in terms of Al depletion in the implanted layer.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydroxylamine Sulfate on Volumetric Behavior of Glycine,L-Alanine, andL-Arginine in Aqueous Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Sheng Fang ◽  
Yu-Gang Shi ◽  
Yue-Cheng Meng ◽  
Da-Hai Ren
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Hydration Numbers ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Mixing Effects ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Volumetric Behavior ◽  
Hydroxylamine Sulfate

The apparent molar volumes of glycine,L-alanine, andL-arginine in aqueous hydroxylamine sulfate solutions have been determined atT=298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The standard partial molar volumes,V20, corresponding partial molar volumes of transfer,ΔtrV20, and hydration numbers,NH, have been calculated for theseα-amino acids from the experimental data. TheΔtrV20values are positive for glycine,L-alanine, andL-arginine and are all increased with the increase in the concentration of hydroxylamine ions. These parameters obtained from the volumetric data are interpreted in terms of various mixing effects between amino acids and hydroxylamine sulfate in aqueous solutions.

Thermal Behavior of the Gypsum Binder in Dental Casting Investments

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate ◽  
Initial Stage

This study examined the thermal behavior of cast gypsum specimens, with and without additives, by means of simultaneous differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG) and dilatometry. Specimens were prepared from wet-calcined hemihydrates (Hydrocal and Den-site). The additives studied were boric acid (H3BO 3) and sodium chloride (NaCl), and these were added to the hemihydrate powders in concentrations of 2 wt% (in the case of H3BO3) and 0.5 wt% (in the case of NaCl). A large shrinkage was observed in the range of 300 to 500°C, and this was greatly reduced when either H3BO3 or NaCl was present. The dehydration of gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) was not completed until the initial stage of this large shrinkage was reached, but the phase transition of calcium sulfate anhydrite (III-CaSO4 to II-CaSO4) was the major cause for the large shrinkage. This phase transition occurred over a much wider temperature range than that suggested by the DTA-TG results. Dehydration conditions similar to those employed in wet calcination of gypsum appeared to be produced under atmospheric pressure when NaCl was present.

scholarly journals Development of mathematical model of extraction from lupine with cheese serum by applying low-frequency mechanical vibrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Shishatsky ◽  
A. M. Barbashin ◽  
S. A. Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Balance Equation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Capillary Impregnation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Substance Transfer

It is noted that the model is designed to create the largest possible pressure change in the cheese whey in the extractor, since the rate of transfer of the target components is proportional to the pressure difference at the ends of the capillaries. The mathematical description of impregnation as the main or important auxiliary operation is given in detail. The equations for the impregnated part of the capillary, the ratio of impregnation rates at different times are given. From the above dependencies, the equation Washburne regarding the time of impregnation. The formulas for calculating the volume of extractant passed through the capillary, serum and forced out of the capillary air taking into account the viscous resistance of the latter. After integration of the equation of the speed of capillary impregnation of the obtained expression allows to estimate the final value of the impregnation in the initial stage. For different cases of capillary impregnation expressions are written at atmospheric pressure, vacuuming and overpressure. The introduction of dimensionless values allowed to simplify the solution and to obtain an expression for calculating the time of pore impregnation. The analysis of the equation of dimensionless impregnation time taking into account the application of low-frequency mechanical vibrations is made. It is noted that the processes of impregnation and extraction occur simultaneously, so the impregnation time is often neglected, which impoverishes the understanding of the physics of the process, reduces the accuracy of the calculation. Taking into account the diffusion unsteadiness of the process of substance transfer due to hydrodynamic unsteadiness, the equation containing the effective diffusion coefficient is written. The equation of unsteady diffusion for a spherical lupine particle in a batch extractor is supplemented with initial and boundary conditions. Taking into account the balance equation, the kinetic equation of the process is obtained. We studied the distribution of pores in the particle lupine along the radii and squares, the calculated value of the porosity of the particle. The values of De and Bi are determined by the method of graphical solution of the balance equation, the equation of kinetics and the parameters included in these equations. Conclusions on the work.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ni-Cd Nanostructured System Obtained by Chemical Reduction of Salts

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Pugachev ◽  
Yu.A. Zaharov ◽  
A.S. Valnyukova ◽  
V.G. Dodonov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fcc Lattice ◽  
High Alkalinity

<p>The process of obtaining of highly dispersed metal powders of Ni-Cd system by reduction of their salts by hydrazine in aqueous medium at high alkalinity was investigated. The possibility of production metal powders containing up to 50 mol% of cadmium is established and conditions for their synthesis are optimized. Phase composition, structural parameters, dispersity of solid products during the reduction process were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SAXS. The formation of metal solid solutions with FCC lattice contradicts to the known phase diagram for Ni-Cd and may be explained by increasing the energy of the particles in the nanostate. The formation of intermetallide NiCd<sub>5</sub> in the studied compositions area is caused by sequential character of reduction process; as a result the metal product on the initial stage of reduction is significantly enriched with cadmium.</p>

The extraction of non-ferrous metals and iron from sulfate solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
T.P. Belova ◽  
◽  
L.S. Ershova ◽  
T.I. Ratchina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals
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