scholarly journals Rainfall and water yield in Macizo del Caroig, Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Event runoff at plot scale during a rare flash flood at the Barranco de Benacancil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerdà ◽  
A. Novara ◽  
P. Dlapa ◽  
M. López-Vicente ◽  
X. Úbeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Floods are a consequence of extreme rainfall events. Although surface runoff generation is the origin of discharge, flood research usually focuses on lowlands where the impact is higher. Runoff and sediment delivery at slope and pedon scale receiving much less attention in the effort to understand flood behaviour in time and space. This is especially relevant in areas where, due to climatic and hydrogeological conditions, streams are ephemeral, so-called dry rivers (“wadis”, "ramblas" or “barrancos”) that are widespread throughout the Mediterranean. This paper researches the relationship between water delivery at pedon and slope scale with dry river floods in Macizo del Caroig, Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Plots of 1x1, 1x2, 1x4, and 2x8 m located in the “El Teularet” Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Station were monitored from 2004 to 2014 to measure soil and water delivery. Rainfall and flow at the dry river Barranco de Benacancil were also monitored. Results show that runoff and sediment discharge were concentrated in few events during the 11 years of research. A single flood event was registered in the channel on September 28, 2009, however, the runoff was registered 160 times at the plots. Runoff discharge was dependent on the size of the plots, with larger plots yielding lower runoff discharge per unit area, suggesting short runoff-travel distance and duration. Three rainfall events contributed with 26% of the whole runoff discharge, and five achieved 56% of the runoff. We conclude that the runoff generated at the plot scale is disconnected from the main channel. From a spatial point of view, there is a decrease in runoff coefficient along the slope. From a temporal point of view, the runoff is concentrated in a few rainfall events. These results show that the runoff generated at plot and slope scale does not contribute to the floods except for rainfall events with more than 100 mm day-1. The disconnection of the runoff and sediment delivery is confirmed by the reduction in the runoff delivery at plot scale due to the control of the length of the plot (slope) on the runoff and sediment delivery.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrological Regimes of a Sparsely Gauged Mountainous Basin, Northern Pakistan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddique ◽  
Usman ◽  
Bernhofer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Projected climate changes for the 21st century may cause great uncertainties on the hydrology of a river basin. This study explored the impacts of climate change on the water balance and hydrological regime of the Jhelum River Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Two downscaling methods (SDSM, Statistical Downscaling Model and LARS-WG, Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator), three Global Circulation Models (GCMs), and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for three future periods (2030s, 2050s, and 2090s) were used to assess the climate change impacts on flow regimes. The results exhibited that both downscaling methods suggested an increase in annual streamflow over the river basin. There is generally an increasing trend of winter and autumn discharge, whereas it is complicated for summer and spring to conclude if the trend is increasing or decreasing depending on the downscaling methods. Therefore, the uncertainty associated with the downscaling of climate simulation needs to consider, for the best estimate, the impact of climate change, with its uncertainty, on a particular basin. The study also resulted that water yield and evapotranspiration in the eastern part of the basin (sub-basins at high elevation) would be most affected by climate change. The outcomes of this study would be useful for providing guidance in water management and planning for the river basin under climate change.

scholarly journals The effects of rainfall characteristics and land use and cover change on runoff in the Yellow River basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
CaiHong Hu ◽  
Guang Ran ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Yellow River Basin ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe changes of runoff in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin of China have received considerable attention owing to their sharply decline during recent decades. In this paper, the impacts of rainfall characteristics and land use and cover change on water yields in the Jingle sub-basin of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin were investigated using a combination of statistical analysis and hydrological simulations. The Levenberg Marquardt and Analysis of Variance methods were used to construct multivariate, nonlinear, model equations between runoff coefficient and rainfall intensity and vegetation coverage. The land use changes from 1971 to 2017 were ascertained using transition matrix analysis. The impact of land use on water yields was estimated using the M-EIES hydrological model. The results show that the runoff during flood season (July to September) decreased significantly after 2000, whereas slightly decreasing trend was detected for precipitation. Furthermore, there were increase in short, intense, rainfall events after 2000 and this rainfall events were more conducive to flood generation. The “Grain for Green” project was carried out in 1999, and the land use in the middle reaches of the Yellow River improved significantly, which make the vegetation coverage (Vc) of the Jingle sub-basin increased by 13%. When Vc approaches 48%, the runoff coefficient decreased to the lowest, and the vegetation conditions have the greatest effect on reducing runoff. Both land use and climate can change the water yield in the basin, but for areas where land use has significantly improved, the impact of land use change on water yield plays a dominant role. The results acquired in this study provide a useful reference for water resources planning and soil and water conservation in the erodible areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin.

Startegic framework for integrated flood Disaster modelling over Bangalore city of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smrati Purwar ◽  
Gyanendranath Mohapatra ◽  
Rakesh Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
The Impact

<p>Hydro-meteorological disasters, particularly the extreme rainfall events (EREs) and associated flash floods, are very frequent in the major metro cities in India during recent years and in many occasions they cause massive destruction to life and property which in long run make adverse socio-economic impacts over the country. Hence, it makes formost importance and has great societal relevance to modellers working such area to develop an advance prediction system for such disasters in India.A strategic framework combining modelling and data analytics is integral part of developing advanced warning system for preparedness during such disasters. In this study, the role of landuse/landcover like built-up, vegetation, barrenland and waterbodies over the Bangalore city in flash flood occurrence is examined using multispectral spatio-temporal satellite data.The recent LULC map evidences a drastic changes in urban landscape that resulted in loss of natural drainage and waterbeds causing frequent floods. Digital Elevation Map (DEM) is analysed to know the  low-lying and high elevation topography compared with  Mean Sea Level(MSL)to quantify the impact of flooding during Extreme Rainfall Events(ERE) on the different part of the Bangalore city. Using Triangular Irregular Network (TIN), flood simulation is carried out for highland and lowlandarea  to study immediate affected areas during EREs Storm Water Modelling  is carried out for different regions in the city to obtain flood pattern, time and volume during selected EREs. The framework developed and simulation results are very useful in generation of management and mitigation strategy by various user agencies.</p>

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

On the Impact of Aptness, Conventionality and Familiarity on Metaphor Processing from a Meta-analytical Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-106
Author(s):  
Csilla Rákosi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
The Impact

Psycholinguistic research into metaphor processing is burdened with empirical problems as experiments provide diverging evidence on the impact of conventionality, familiarity and aptness, and with conceptual issues as the interpretation and operationalization of the three concepts mentioned, as well as the related predictions which can be drawn from theories of metaphor processing, are controversial in the literature. This paper uses tools of statistical meta-analysis in order to bring us closer to the solution of these problems and reveal future lines of research.

Wacana Kolonial dalam Novel Max Havelaar: Sebuah Kajian Poskolonial

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Ramadhan Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

AbstrakHegemoni kolonialisme dalam budaya poskolonial merupakan alasan penelitian inikemudian mengkaji wacana kolonial dalam novel Max Havellar (MH) khususnya dampakditimbulkannya. Dampak dimaksud adalah posisi keberpihakan pemikiran tersirat darikarya tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan, secara temporal maupun permanen MHmenyuarakan ketidakadilan dalam kondisi-kondisi kolonial menyangkut penindasan sangpenjajah terhadap terjajah. Hanya saja, upaya mengatasnamakan atau mewakili suarakaum terjajah terbukti mengimplikasikan ciri ideologis statis kerangka kolonialisme(orientalisme); yakni cara pandang Eropasentris, di mana “Barat” sebagai self adalah superior,dan “Timur” sebagai other adalah inferior. Dalam konteks poskolonialisme, MH dengan sifatkritisnya yang berupaya “menyuarakan” nasib pribumi terjajah, justru menampilkan stigmapenguatan kolonialitas itu sendiri secara hegemonik. Artinya, “menyuarakan” nasib pribumidimaknai sebagai keberpihankan kolonial yang kontradiktif, di mana stigma penguatankolonialitas justru lebih terasa, ujung-ujungnya melanggengkan hegemoni kolonial. Tidakmembela yang terjajah, tetapi memperhalus cara kerja mesin kolonial.AbstractThe hegemony of colonialism in the culture of postcolonial society is the reason this studythen examines the colonial discourse in the novel Max Havellar (MH) in particular the impactit brings. The impact in question is the implied position of thought in the work. The resultsof the discussion show that, temporarily or permanently, MH voiced injustice in the colonialconditions regarding the oppression of the colonist against the colonized. However, the effort toname or represent the voice of the colonized has proven to imply a static ideological characterin the framework of colonialism (orientalism); ie Eropacentric point of view, in which “West” asself is superior, and “East” as the other is the inferior. In the context of postcolonialism, MH withits critical nature that seeks to “voice” the fate of the colonized natives, actually presents thestigma of strengthening coloniality itself hegemonicly. That is, “voicing” the fate of the pribumiis interpreted as a contradictory colonial flare, where the stigma of strengthening colonialityis more pronounced, which ultimately perpetuates the hegemony of colonialism. No longerdefending the colonized, but refining the workings of the colonial machinery.

The Analyses of Learning Strategies in English as a Second Language: Theoretical Classification and Measurement Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Asti Gumartifa ◽  
◽  
Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact

Gaining English language learning effectively has been discussed all years long. Similarly, Learners have various troubles outcomes in the learning process. Creating a joyful and comfortable situation must be considered by learners. Thus, the implementation of effective learning strategies is certainly necessary for English learners. This descriptive study has two purposes: first, to introduce the classification and characterization of learning strategies such as; memory, cognitive, metacognitive, compensation, social, and affective strategies that are used by learners in the classroom and second, it provides some questionnaires item based on Strategy of Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 5.0 that can be used to examine the frequency of students’ learning strategies in the learning process. The summary of this study explains and discusses the researchers’ point of view on the impact of learning outcomes by learning strategies used. Finally, utilizing appropriate learning strategies are certainly beneficial for both teachers and learners to achieve the learning target effectively.

'Planning Economic Integration7, by L.B.M. Mennes, Rotterdam University Press, 1973.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Partici Pant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integration Area

The book under review deals with economic integration among deve¬loping countries from the point of view of planning. The author believes that it is useful to approach economic integration from a planning point of view and to develop planning models for it, because the theory of economic integration relevant for developing countries should be directed towards the impact of integration on future investments and future production. The type of models used in the book are the multisector linear programming models and the method of analysis is essentially a comparison of two situations; one with economic integration and the other without. For each prospective partici¬pant a medium term planning model is drawn up taking account of its economic situation in some base year. The results of these single country planning models are analysed and compared to those of a similar planning model for the integration area as a whole. The consequences of the integration policy are then evaluated.

Impact of obesity on female sexual dysfunction: A remiss

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Farooq Shah ◽  
Isha Chawla ◽  
Kirti Goel ◽  
Rakesh Gollen ◽  
Randhir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

: The prevalence of obesity around the globe is increasing at such an alarming rate that WHO consultation on obesity designated obesity as a major unattended public health problem worldwide. Obesity is associated with a greater risk of excessive fat related metabolic and endocrinal diseases associated with different set of illness and disabilities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, sleep apnea, arthritis, lung diseases and sexual disorders. Obesity is found to be associated with male and female sexual dysfunctions and several studies have indicated a positive correlation between obesity and sexual dysfunction among both males and females. The relationship between male obesity and sexual dysfunction has been widely discussed, whereas a very little emphasis is laid on relationship between obesity and female sexual dysfunctions. Sexual dysfunctions are common and affects 20-50% of obese women. Particularly, female sexual dysfunction is a multi-factorial problem, including organic and psychological aspects involved into it. These disorders not only affect physical health of women but to a greater extent mental health is also affected. Considering this point of view, present review is emphasized on the impact of obesity on female sexual dysfunctions.

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