Linear growth failure of Ethiopian children : The role of protein, zinc and mycotoxin intake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masresha Tessema Anegago
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure

The effect of sickle cell anemia on the linear growth of Nigerian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Nnenna Chikani ◽  
Adaobi Bisi-Onyemaechi ◽  
Ijeoma Ohuche ◽  
Justus Onu ◽  
Shalewa Ugege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Objectives Despite the high prevalence of children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in West Africa, there is paucity of data on the height velocity and prevalence of growth failure in SCA patients. With advances in clinical care of SCA patients, could there be a spatial and secular trend in the growth pattern of these children? Hence, the compelling needs to embark on this study. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of growth failure among patients with SCA and its correlation with age, gender and age at diagnosis. Methods A Prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of sickle cell anaemic paediatric patients from Pediatrics SCA Clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla. Patients were enrolled over a period of two years using a non-parametric convenient sampling method. Their heights were measured at baseline, three months, six months and at 12 months intervals and subsequently plotted on a standard WHO growth chart. The height velocities at different monthly intervals were calculated and compared with the WHO standard normal linear growth rates) for children (used as control) to identify those with GF. (i.e. <10th percentile). The main outcome measures were the mean height velocities at different months' intervals calculated and compared using the repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Wilcoxon signed test. Results A cohort of 316 children aged 1–18 years with SCA was evaluated with a male preponderance of 161 (57.4%). The mean age and age at diagnosis were 11.04 ± 5.56 and 4.2 ± 1.7 years, respectively. The prevalence of growth failure and short stature was 84.7%. The burden of GF was highest among post-pubertal participants (94.1%). The most important predictor of growth velocity deficit was age (R2=0.045, standard β coefficient = −0.22, t=−03.51, p=0.001). Conclusions The study demonstrated high prevalence of growth failure in children and adolescents with SCA which intensified with advancement in age and older age at diagnosis.

Addressing the growth failure of the oil economies: The role of financial development

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nili ◽  
Mahdi Rastad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Growth Failure

Insulin’s Contribution to Growth in Children and the Potential for Exercise to Mediate Insulin’s Action

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Horswill ◽  
William B. Zipf ◽  
C. Lawrence Kien ◽  
E. Bowie Kahle
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Anabolic Hormone

Insulin is an anabolic hormone with stimulatory effects on glucose and amino acid uptake, possibly protein synthesis, and bone growth, and inhibitory effects on protein breakdown. The precise role of insulin in the growth of healthy children is unclear, but two clinical models can be examined to illustrate insulin’s potential role in the growth of children. The cystic fibrosis (CF) patient, who exhibits poor linear growth and low lean body mass, may exhibit inadequate insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. The obese child typically has an excess of peripheral insulin, an associated acceleration of linear growth, and an accretion of lean body mass and adipose tissue. Speculation is offered on the putative role of exercise in affecting insulin action and secretion, which in turn could impact growth in children with CF or obesity.

scholarly journals Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Christian ◽  
Emily R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Peak Height Velocity

Background: Adolescents, comprised of 10–19 year olds, form the largest generation of young people in our history. There are an estimated 1.8 billion adolescents in the world, with 90% residing in low- and middle-income countries. The burden of disease among adolescents has its origins in infectious and injury-related causes, but nutritional deficiencies, suboptimal linear growth, and undernutrition are major public health problems, even as overweight may be on the rise in many contexts. Summary and Key Messages: Girls are most vulnerable to the influences of cultural and gender norms, which often discriminate against them. Dietary patterns and physical activity, in addition to schooling and countervailing social norms for early marriage, influence health and nutritional well-being of adolescents. Nutrient requirements – ­including those for energy, protein, iron, calcium, and ­others – increase in adolescence to support adequate growth and development. In settings where dietary intakes are suboptimal, anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are high. Endocrine factors are essential for promoting normal adolescent growth and are sensitive to undernutrition. Growth velocity increases during puberty when peak height velocity occurs and catch-up is possible; in girls, about 15–25% of adult height is attained. A premature pregnancy can halt linear growth and increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Research is needed to fill the huge data gaps related to nutrition and growth during adolescence, in addition to testing interventions during this second window of opportunity to enhance growth and development, improve human capital, and to end the intergenerational cycle of growth failure.

Fragile Bones, Soft Bones, and Linear Growth Failure

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 943-945
Author(s):  
Milton I Levine
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure

Disturbances of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis and response to growth hormone in acidosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. R120-R128
Author(s):  
Karina Jandziszak ◽  
Carlos Suarez ◽  
Ethan Wasserman ◽  
Ross Clark ◽  
Bonnie Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Final Length

Severe chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) in rats is associated with poor food intake and downregulation of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and liver receptors; the administration of recombinant GH (rGH) fails to improve the growth failure. In mice with carbonic anhydrase II deficiency (CAD), a model of moderate CMA with food intake close to normal, we studied serum levels of GH, IGFs, and IGF-binding proteins, and the growth response to rGH. CAD was associated with low serum levels of GH in males. Randomized administration of rGH from ∼5 to ∼12 wk to CAD mice improved food efficiency and increased serum IGF-I levels, final length, and weight compared with placebo without affecting blood pH. Although administration of rGH also increased linear growth in healthy animals, the effect was less than that in CAD mice and was only observed when started before 6 wk of life. Thus growth failure in CAD mice is associated with a decrease in GH secretion in males but not in females. Long-term administration of rGH increases linear growth in CAD mice despite persistent CMA.

scholarly journals Linear growth faltering and the role of weight attainment: Prospective analysis of young children recovering from severe wasting in Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Isanaka ◽  
Matt D.T. Hitchings ◽  
Fatou Berthé ◽  
André Briend ◽  
Rebecca F. Grais
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Growth Faltering

scholarly journals Growth and body composition in children with chronic kidney disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rashid ◽  
E. Neill ◽  
H. Maxwell ◽  
S. F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Growth And Nutrition

Growth failure is a common yet complex problem of childhood chronic kidney disease caused by multiple factors encountered due to the primary disease or secondary to the renal impairment. This review seeks to describe the various patho-physiological mechanisms contributing to growth failure in the various stages of childhood with particular emphasis on nutritional problems and endocrine dysfunction encountered whilst managing these children. In addition, we shall examine the role of body composition in chronic kidney disease, their relationship with growth and nutrition and the potential effect of abnormalities in fat mass and lean mass on long-term morbidity and mortality.

Role of Hormonal Disturbances in Uremic Growth Failure

2015 ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mehls ◽  
E. Ritz ◽  
G. Gilli ◽  
V. Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Failure

scholarly journals Linear growth failure induced by systemic inflammation inhibiting IGF-1/IGFBP axis in rats with asymptomatic colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Sheng ◽  
Xueqing Sun ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Junli Wang ◽  
Jingqiu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure
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