scholarly journals Identifications, Cultures, and ‘Groupness’: Reflecting on Culture from Ethnographic Research in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Soledad Balerdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Sciences Sociales

This paper reflects on the precautions to be taken into account when addressing the study, from the point of view of the social sciences, of cultures and communities. This is done through ethnographic research in a neighbourhood (barrio) of migrants from an indigenous community in the province of Chaco, in northern Argentina, who have migrated to the city of La Plata (in Buenos Aires province) and have settled on its periphery. The article starts from the idea that ethnicity comes into play, situationally, as a resource rather than as a distinct and immutable feature. Even when it is necessary to describe how notions like culture and ethnicity act in practice and what meaning they have for the actors, social researchers should not  historicize them in the specific contexts in which they are brought into play.Keywords: culture, ethnicity, indigenous community, ethnography, ArgentinaRésumé: Cet article met en évidence les précautions et les enjeux à prendre en considération en sciences sociales lorsque l’on aborde les questions culturelles dans les communautés. Cet article met en évidence un travail de terrain de type ethnographique dans un quartier (barrio) de La Plata (province de Buenor Aires) où se trouve une forte concentration de population migrante d’autochtones en provenance de la province de Chaco, dans le nord de l’Argentine. Plutôt que d’approcher l’ethnicité dans une perspective essentialiste et d’en faire une caractéristique immuable de l’identité, cet article s’inspire d’une approche relationnelle. Plutôt que de tenter de figer le sens de notions telles « ethnicité » ou «culture », cet article met en evidence l’importance de reconstruire le sens de ces notions à partir des données contextuelles et du sens qu’elles revêtent pour les acteurs.Mots clé: culture, ethnicité, communauté indigene, ethnographie, Argentine

scholarly journals Iguales problemas, idénticas soluciones. El Monte de Piedad de Buenos Aires y su respuesta a la usura (1877-1904)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Graciela Mateo Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The City

“Al rico nunca le ofrezcan / y al pobre jamás le falten”. Estos versos del Martín Fierro -obra maestra de la narrativa gauchesca argentina- remiten al Monte de Piedad de Buenos Aires: por un lado, esencializan la función social como institución proveedora de crédito a los sectores desamparados de la sociedad, y por otro permiten identificar a su autor, José Hernández, como miembro del Consejo de Administración de la entidad y tenaz defensor de su continuidad.El presente artículo estudia, a partir de los antecedentes del crédito pignoraticio y del rol desempeñado por los montepíos nativos a mediados del siglo XIX, el origen y la trayectoria del Monte de Piedad de Buenos Aires, destinado a aliviar las penurias de los sectores vulnerados, tanto nativos como inmigrantes, evitando que sean víctimas de la usura. En tal sentido y desde una perspectiva macro que dé cuenta de la situación económico- financiera del país y particularmente de la provincia de Buenos Aires, se privilegia el análisis micro de las distintas etapas de la historia de este entidad y de su función social; desde su fundación en 1877 dependiente del Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, su incorporación una década después al patrimonio municipal y su conversión en 1904 en Banco Municipal de Préstamos. El punto de partida es un estado de la cuestión sobre el tema. Las fuentes primarias (Libros de Actas, Memorias y balances, Cartas orgánicas, Reglamentos de la institución, Diario de Sesiones de la Legislatura bonaerense y del Consejo Deliberante de la ciudad de Buenos Aires) así como algunas publicaciones periódicas de la época, resultan sustantivas para lograr el objetivo propuesto. “Never offer to the rich /and may the poor never lack” These verses by Martín Fierro -a masterpiece of Argentine gaucho narrative- represent the Monte de Piedad in Buenos Aires and its development. In a way, they essentialize the social function of this institution that provides credit to the underprivileged sectors of society. Besides, this affirmation allows to identify its author, José Hernández, as a member of the entity’s Board of Directors and a tenacious defender of its continuity.This article is based on the antecedents of the pledge credit and the role played by the native montepíos in the mid-19th century. Its focused in the study of the origin and trajectory of Monte de Piedad in Buenos Aires, as an institution which alleviated the hardships of the vulnerable sectors, both natives and immigrants, and prevented them from being victims of usury. Both macro and micro perspectives converge in this analysis. Firstly, the argentine economic and financial situation is taken into account to get to Buenos Aires’ province evaluation. Secondly, the history of this entity’s social function is examined since it was founded in 1877 (under the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires), to its incorporation a decade later into the municipal patrimony and its conversion into the Municipal Bank of Loans, in 1904.The article starts with a bibliographic review of this particular subject. The proposed objective is achieved by analyzing diverse primary sources (Minutes Books, Memories and balances, Organic Letters, Institution Regulations, Journal of Sessions of the Buenos Aires Legislature and the Deliberative Council of the city of Buenos Aires) as well as the main periodical publications of the time.

scholarly journals Graphic design and research in social sciences: Jacques Bertin and the Laboratoire de Graphique

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Anne-Lyse Renon
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Sciences Sociales

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The contemporary rise of data visualization and imaging technologies in all areas of knowledge now places design and visuality at the heart of research and its communication, with fundamental implications for scientific epistemology. Jacques Bertin's Laboratoire de Graphique (LG) of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in France, is a privileged entry for this study, since it was a major player in this movement, at the crossroads of graphic innovation and social sciences as they reinvented themselves in the second half of the twentieth century.</p><p>This intervention aims to explore a black box of research in the humanities and social sciences, according to two approaches, that of the interdisciplinary collaborations and that more experimental of the graphic design and formatting of information. By design we mean as all the processes from graphical display of data, to CHI, new methods of scientific representation.</p><p>This laboratory was created and directed by the cartographer and semiologist Jacques Bertin from 1954 to 2000 at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études and, under the impetus of Fernand Braudel, at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), is considered as a forerunner of productions and reflections on graphic research in the social sciences. His work articulates an unprecedented production of images, visualization of data and scientific research, forming the subject of a fundamental treatise, Graphical Semiology (1967). The intervention will trace the largely unknown history of this laboratory, will pinpoint the contributions and the intellectual trajectory of its graphic experiments and collaborations.</p><p>Indeed, while the activities related to the LG's cartographic research are relatively well known, its interactions with history, statistics, sociology, anthropology, urbanism, literature and the decorative arts remain unexplored.</p><p>Jacques Bertin, in <i>Semiology of graphics</i> (1967), highlighted the concept of « visual variables » to build a general rhetoric of visual representation: background shape orientation grain color, etc.</p><p>The paradox of these visual variables is the desire to achieve an objectivity of representation, while taking into account the ”aesthetic“ part of the data. This graphic rhetoric developed by Bertin has influenced many works and disciplines, becoming almost standard, convention, rules. In this session we propose to discuss the relationship between design and visual variables in the contemporary visual display of information.</p><p>We will start by presenting the two complementary funds of archives of the Laboratoire de Graphique the NAs and the BnF, allowing a genetic analysis of the origin of certain concepts of Bertin to give an account of the process of their elaboration.</p><p>We will present collaborations, content, and processes to produce a story that is at once aesthetic, social, economic, and political. We will measure the evolution of scientific imaginaries, the values and uses of representation methods and graphic communication tools, their epistemological scope into 4 thematics:</p><ol><li>The Life of the Graphic Lab: Pathways, Collaborations and Practices at EHESS. Collaboration Braudel-Bertin,creation of the visual identity of the EHESS, practices and conceptualization of the place of graphic research in the social sciences. Bertin heritage in current research programs</li><li>The graphic semiotics of Jacques Bertin: genesis and effects, including in contemporary digital humanities (statistics,big data, cultural analytics). Visual variable and Display of information as the starting point of a research, fieldworks</li><li>The expressivity and plasticity of graphic work: the representation of geographical and human territory. Contribution of the experimental work of the Graphical Laboratory to cartography; materialization of the instrumental design and graphic knowledge in the uses and materiality of the cards from the point of view of the plastic creation and the patrimonial conservation. Objectivity and visual display: relationships between graphics and fact in scientific demonstration</li><li>Graphical semiology in contemporary research, from graphic semiology to information design; pedagogical and epistemological issues of graphic semiology; dissemination of the work of the Laboratoire de Graphique and impact on the field of design and different disciplines in the international context. « Redesigning » the concepts of Bertin: how new data processing tools can contribute?</li></ol><p>The new convergences between design and research will be mobilized to question the place devolved to design in the visual and instrumental construction of contemporary scientific practices and knowledge. This will stimulate a dynamic and a collective experience of interdisciplinary discovery of uses of these methods and tools in heritage context.</p>

scholarly journals Las paradojas del trabajo actoral en teatro independiente. Un estudio comparativo de las representaciones sociales sobre teatro independiente de actores y actrices de La Plata entre los orígenes y la actualidad

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-305
Author(s):  
Juliana Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Social

El objetivo del artículo es indagar las rupturas y continuidades de ladefinición de teatro independiente en sus orígenes (primeras décadas del siglo pasado) en Buenos Aires y particularmente en la ciudad de La Plata, respecto a las representaciones más recientes que formula el colectivo de actores y actrices de teatro independiente en la ciudad. En este artículo, comprendemos a las representaciones sociales como modos de significar las interpretaciones que los sujetos hacen de su entorno y a partir de las cuales logran comunicarse (Castorina et al., 2010). Este concepto se explica en vinculación con la estructura social y los habitus del campo incorporados (Bourdieu, 2007) y se caracterizan por ser sistemas indeterminados y abiertos (Longo, 2004). En relación con el mundo del trabajo, las representaciones sociales son “objeto de luchas tanto colectivas entre grupos sociales, como individuales entre atribuciones y apropiaciones de clasificaciones por parte del sujeto” (Longo, 2004, p. 5).Para ello, hemos llevado a cabo un análisis documental de distintos/as autores/as que han abordado los orígenes del teatro independiente en Buenos Aires como en La Plata. Además, realizamos veinte entrevistas en profundidad a actores y actrices residentes en la ciudad de La Plata, observaciones participantes en charlas, asambleas y reuniones que agrupan a distintos actores y actrices de teatro independiente y el proceso de ensayos y funciones de dos elencos del circuito independiente en La Plata. También, realizamos un total de ochenta y nueve encuestas de manera virtual dirigida a actores y actrices de la misma ciudad. Para su análisis, hemos puesto en diálogo los datos construidos desde una perspectiva cualitativa a partir de técnicas e instrumentos propios de la metodología cualitativa como cuantitativa. Para el procesamiento de datos, sehan utilizado los softwares Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) y Atlas/ti.

scholarly journals La géographie dans le programme d’enseignement des sciences sociales au niveau primaire et secondaire

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
N. V. Scarfe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sciences Sociales

Geography, being one of the social studies, has a unique contribution, a particular point of view to bring to bear in understanding Society. Its specific Junction is to train future citizens to imagine the conditions of the great world stage and so help them to think sanely about political and social conditions in the world around. Geography is the only subject that deals directly and fully with the influence of the physical environment upon human action and life. The author stresses the point that History and Geography are equally important and need to be given the same amount of time in the curriculum. But History and Geography are note the same : both are different ways of interpreting facts. In stressing the distinction between History and Geography, the author wishes to improve the teaching of both History and Geography, but as different disciplines. Finally the author points out that Geography progresses in difficulty and sequence, like arithmetic, so that one year is a prerequisite of the geographical concepts to be introduced in the next year of study. Geography is more appealing and more real to children than many other social sciences and so more stimulating to intellectual effort.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

Defending the Difference

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

Movimiento Hip Hop en Ciudad de Punta Arenas. / Hip Hop Culture in Punta Arenas

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Pablo Tascón España
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
Current Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Root ◽  
The City

El presente estudio busca comprender bajo un enfoque naturalista cómo en un periodo denominado por autores de las Ciencias Sociales ( Bajoit, 2009; Sandoval, 2010) de “cambio cultural”, emerge el movimiento Hip Hop y su particular forma de expresión en la ciudad de Punta Arenas. La investigación tiene un objetivo central y busca interpretar la relación entre la expresión contracultural y los jóvenes que son parte de tal, como así también sus significados respecto al ser actores del mismo. La investigación pretende identificar, entonces, la lógica de acción actual de los jóvenes y a su vez dilucidar si existe relación o no con la raíz histórica del movimiento Hip Hop, es decir una expresión de disidencia en razón de la estructura social establecida y las contradicciones que afloran de la misma. The following study aims to understand under the naturalist approach how in a period called for authors of the social sciences (Bajoit, 2009; Sandoval, 2010) of “cultural change”, emerges the Hip Hop movement and its particular form of expression in the city of Punta Arenas. The research has a main objective and seeks to interpret the relation between the expression counterculture and the young people that are part of it, likewise the meaning concerning to be actors of it. The research pretends to identify the logic of current action of the youngsters and at the same time elucidate if there is a relation or not with the historical root of the movement “Hip Hop”, i.e. an expression of dissent aiming with the social structure established and the contradictions that came out from itself.

Urban Literature: A User’s Guide

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Carlo Rotella
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
Urban Literature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Urbanization Development ◽  
Sister Carrie ◽  
The City

This article addresses urbanists in various fields—history, the social sciences, planning, and more—who are interested in incorporating literary works into their teaching and research and may be looking for critical approaches that connect such work to their own expertise. It begins from the premise that the traits that make a city a city present writers with opportunities to tell stories, experiment with form, make meaning, and otherwise exercise the literary imagination. When we use “urban literature” as a category of analysis, when we try to identify relationships between cities and the writing produced in and about them, we are asserting that this writing takes shape around confronting the city as a formal, social, and conceptual challenge. This article explores examples of texts ranging from Sister Carrie to I Am Legend and beyond that engage signature urban processes such as urbanization, development, and the dense overlap of orders.

scholarly journals NARRATIVAS SOBRE O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO EM DISPUTA: luzes antropológicas para compreender as mobilizações juvenis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Valdeci Reis
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Estudo etnográfico, com revisão de literatura sobre a construção social do conceito juventude, tem como objetivo relatar e analisar narrativas juvenis em torno do direito à educação. A análise empírica seleciona duas ondas de mobilizações protagonizadas por jovens estudantes: Atos em defesa das Universidades e Institutos Federais ocorridos na cidade de Florianópolis-SC; Na capital da Argentina, Buenos Aires, a narrativa etnográfica se debruça na análise de mobilizações protagonizadas por jovens portenhos que tomaram as ruas exigindo a manutenção da Ley Nacional de Educación, além de se posicionarem radicalmente contra as medidas de austeridade anunciadas pelo Governo Maurício Macri. A análise dos dados etnográficos aponta que a pauta em defesa da educação é capaz de unir coletivos e organizações dos mais variados espectros ideológicos.Palavras-chave: Juventude. Neoliberalismo. Participação social. Etnografia. América Latina.NARRATIVES ON THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN DISPUTE: anthropological lights to understand youth mobilizationsAbstractEthnographic study, with a review of the literature on the social construction of the concept of youth, in order to report and analyze youth narratives around the right to education.The empirical analysis selected two waves of mobilizations carried out by young students: Acts in defense of public educational institutions occurred in the city of Florianópolis-SC, Brazil;In the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires, the ethnographic narrative focused on the analysis of mobilizations carried out by young people who went to the streets demanding the maintenance of the “National Education Law”, as well as to stand radicallyagainst the austerity measures announced by the MaurícioMacri Government. The analysis of the ethnographic data indicates that the agenda in defense of education is capable of uniting collectives and organizations affiliated to the mostdiverse ideological currents.Keywords: Youth. Neoliberalism. Social participation. Ethnography. Latin America.

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