Does Financing Structure Relates to Liquidity Risk? A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Banks of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Hussain Mohi-ud-Din Qadri ◽  
Atta UI Mustafa ◽  
Hassnian Ali
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Conventional Banks

The purpose of this paper is to find out whether financing in specific sectors increase bank liquidity risk and how this goes on with both Islamic and conventional banks. The paper used pooled regression, fixed effect model and random effect model decided on the basis of dummy joint significant test. The result shows that only financing concentration (SPEC) proved to have significant association with Islamic and overall banking sector for short run. And all other banks specific variables are unable to show a significant result. While the macroeconomic variable GDP and Inflation have a strong relationship in both long run and short run time period. This paper add value to the existing literature on liquidity risk under the new indicators issued by Basel III.

scholarly journals Performance of Banks in Pakistan based on determinants of Profitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
AQSA SIDDIQ ◽  
KHURSHEED IQBAL ◽  
SHAMS UR REHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Main Determinants

The study aims to seek the internal factors that affect the profitability of banks in Pakistan from a period of 2009 to 2013 by using two proxies i.e. Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The panel data of fifteen banks have been obtained from the financial statements of the banks. Therefore, Hausman test has verified that random effect model is most appropriate model for Return on Assets (ROA), conversely fixed effect model is prominent for Return on Equity (ROE) for the current study. The empirical results confirm that investment to total assets, leverage, Net Performing Loan (NPL) to gross advances, capital ratio and total deposits to total equity are the main determinants of profitability across both proxies (i.e. ROA and ROE). Leverage and capital ratio have significantly negative, however net performing loan to gross advance and total deposit to total equity have significantly positive influence on profitability of banks across both models. Moreover, NPL to gross advance is insignificant determinant of Return on Equity. The results are worthy for bankers and all stakeholders to make strategic decision for the competitiveness of banking sector in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrates with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Shan Yang ◽  
Guang-Xiao Meng ◽  
Zi-Niu Ding ◽  
Lun-Jie Yan ◽  
Sheng-Yu Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Effect Model

Abstract Background Glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and carbohydrates have been shown to be associated with a variety of cancers, but their correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to investigate the correlation of GI, GL and carbohydrate with risk of HCC.Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until November 2020. According to the size of heterogeneity, the random effect model or the fixed effect model was performed to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the correlation of GI, GL, and carbohydrates with the risk of HCC.Results Seven cohort studies involving 1,193,523 participants and 1,004 cases, and 3 case-control studies involving 827 cases and 5,502 controls were eventually included. The pooled results showed no significant correlation of GI (RR=1.11, 95%CI 0.80-1.53, I2= 62.2%), GL (RR=1.09, 95%CI 0.76-1.55, I2 = 66%), and carbohydrate (RR=1.09, 95%CI 0.84-1.32, I2=0%) with the risk of HCC in general population. Subgroup analysis revealed that in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or/and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive group, GI was not correlated with the risk of HCC (RR=0.65, 95%CI 0.32-1.32, p=0.475, I2=0.0%), while GL was significantly correlated with the risk of HCC (RR=1.52, 95%CI 1.04-2.23, p=0.016, I2=70.9%). In contrast, in HBV and HCV-negative group, both GI (RR=1.23, 95%CI 0.88-1.70, p=0.222, I2=33.6%) and GL (RR=1.17, 95% CI 0.83-1.64, p=0.648, I2=0%) were not correlated with the risk of HCC. Conclusion A high GL diet is correlated with a higher risk of HCC in people with hepatitis virus. A low GL diet may be recommended for patients with viral hepatitis to reduce the risk of HCC.

Analysis of Board Size and Firm Performance: Evidence from NSE Companies Using Panel Data Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjala Kalsie ◽  
Shikha Mittal Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Effect Model

This article seeks to examine the relationship between the board size and firm performance. Existing literature on board size is based on different theories of corporate governance. While agency theory and resource dependency theory suggest that the board size positively affects performance, stewardship theory favours smaller board size and argues that larger board size negatively impacts the firm performance. The present article adds to the empirical literature by employing panel data analysis of 145 non-financial companies listed in the NSE CNX 200 Index of India corresponding to 16 industries. The study is carried out for a period of five years from 2008 to 2012. The firm performance has been measured using Tobin’s Q and the market-to-book value ratio (MBVR) as market-based measures and return on assets (ROA) and return on capital employed (ROCE) as accounting-based measures. The fixed effect model, random effect model and feasible generalised least square (FGLS) regression models are applied to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. The results conclude that the board size has a positive and significant impact on the firm performance.

Effect of Dividend on Stock Price: A Case of Fuel and Power Industries in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mir Md Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Effect Model

Dividend policy is an extensively researched topic in the arena of investments but still it remains an enigmatic that whether Dividend Policy affects the Stock Prices or not. The consequences of researches conducted in different stock markets are different. In Bangladesh, capital market investment is very essential and significant for the growth and market capitalization of domestic industry, trade and commerce. In current years Bangladesh had faced many precarious situations in its stock market. The Stock price reactions to the declaration of dividend of the fuel and power industry of Bangladesh are empirically examined. This study examines stock price reactions of listed dividend paying fuel and power industries in Dhaka stock exchange, Bangladesh for period of 11 years from of 2008-2018. This study will help us to make effective dividend decisions and effective implementation of dividend policies. In this study, Fixed Effect Model along with Random Effect Model have been used to estimate results. Both Models are implemented on panel data for explaining the association between dividend payments and share prices while controlling logarithm value of Profit after Tax, Earnings per Share and Return on Equity. The research is accompanied with a view to find whether the dividend announcement convey any evidence to the market that results a stock price volatility for adjusting the dividend announcement information while controlling the variables like Profit After Tax Earnings, Per Share and Return on Equity. The study also tested both the Models and found Random Effect Model is more significant than Fixed Effect Model. The result documented on the Random Effect Model shows that there are significant relationship with Retention Ratio, dividend per share and Return on Equity. In addition, Profit after tax shows the negative significant association and Earning per Shares insignificant with the share prices in Bangladesh Fuel and Power sector. 

scholarly journals Cyp2C19*2 Polymorphism Related to Clopidogrel Resistance in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease, Especially in the Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Qing Lu ◽  
Xuefei Tao ◽  
Biao Cheng ◽  
Guoxing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Clopidogrel Resistance ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Allele Model

In recent years, the relationship between Cyp2C19*2 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance reflected by platelet function assay has been studied extensively, but there is no clear conclusion yet. In order to evaluate the relationship between Cyp2C19*2 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance more accurately, meta-analysis was conducted in this study. The I2 value taking 50% as the limit, the heterogeneity is judged as high or low, and then a random effect model or a fixed effect model is selected for statistical analysis. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, and China Wanfang database were searched, and the related literatures from the establishment of the database to May 2020 were collected and analyzed by STATA 15.0 software. A total of 3,073 patients were involved in 12 studies, including 1,174 patients with clopidogrel resistance and 1,899 patients with non-clopidogrel resistance. The results of this study showed that allele model (A vs. G): OR = 2.42 (95%CI: 1.97–2.98); dominant model (AA+GA vs. GG): OR = 2.74 (95%CI: 2.09–3.59); recessive model (AA vs. GA+GG): OR = 4.07 (95%CI: 3.06–5.41); homozygous model (AA vs. GG): OR = 5.70 (95%CI: 4.22–7.71); heterozygote model (GA vs. GG): OR = 2.32 (95%CI: 1.76–3.07), the differences were statistically significant. Also, the analysis of the Ethnicity subgroup indicated that the Asian allele model and the other four gene models were statistically significant. In conclusion, Cyp2C19*2 gene polymorphism is strongly associated with clopidogrel resistance. Allele A, genotype GA, AA, and GG + GA can increase clopidogrel resistance, especially in the Asian population.

Determinants of Islamic social reporting in Islamic banks of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Arif Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Alam Rehman ◽  
Shehnaz Sahib Zada ◽  
Shumaila Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Size Firm ◽  
One Step

Purpose This study aims to spotlight and explore various determinants of Islamic social reporting (ISR) in Islamic banks of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used firm size, firm profitability, firm age, board size and board independence as determinants of ISR. The authors collected data from Islamic banks listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period 2012–2019. Multiple estimation techniques, i.e. fixed effect model, random effect model and one-step difference generalized method of moment (GMM), have been applied. Findings Random effect model was found to be more robust as compared to fixed effect model and one-step difference GMM. The results reported by the random effect model, preferred among the three, show that firm size, firm profitability, firm age and board size are important determinants of ISR in Islamic banks of Pakistan, while board independence does not determine social reporting for Islamic banks in Pakistan. Although social reporting in annual reports of Islamic banks in Pakistan is increasing, further improvement and compliance is required to ensure accountability and transparency in financial reporting as recommended by Islamic teachings. The study has certain managerial implications, especially for top management of Islamic banks. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to discuss determinants of ISR in Islamic banks of Pakistan. The developed framework herein provides a precise guideline for Islamic banking to enhance their performance, which has never been discussed before.

scholarly journals Effects of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Effect Model

The study has examined the effects of capital structure on financial performance of insurance companies in Nepal. Data were collected from the annual report of the respective insurance companies' web site. The panel data of 14 Nepalese insurance companies from 2007/08 to 2015/16, leading to a total of 126 observations. The data were analyzed using pooled OLS model, random effect model and fixed effect model. The study has been return on assets as dependent variable whereas total debt ratio, equity to total assets, leverage, firm size, liquidity ratio and assets tangibility are independent variables. The result concluded that equity to total assets, leverage, and assets tangibility have effects the financial performance in Nepalese insurance companies' cases.

scholarly journals Is MGNREG Scheme Complementary to Fishing Activities?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Chiranjib Neogi ◽  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Effect Model

Freshwater fish output is taken as a proxy variable for empirical assessment of indirect benefits in terms of enhanced quantity of freshwater fish (output) cultivation. It is not unlikely to assess empirically the productivity of subsidized public scheme when rural development or rural asset generations are underlined in the said scheme, MGNREG Act, 2005. Rainwater harvesting is a major component part of the scheme since about 49.5 per cent of the total fund is already utilized on water conservation and obviously it has an impact on the cultivation of freshwater fish output. Time series data on annual expenditure on MGNREG and corresponding freshwater fish output at the state level are taken during the period 2006-07 to 2013-14 for 16 major Indian states. Fixed effect model and random effect models are being applied and the Hausman specification test suggests that fixed effect model is more appropriate than random effect model. Significant differences among the intercepts of the selected states are revealed as per F test. The results of fixed effect panel regression establish that fish output is enhanced by 0.000257 thousand tones or 0.26 tones if MGNREG expenditure rises by one crore or 10 million rupees. 

scholarly journals History and Spread of Viruses (COVID-19) and Associated Demographic and Clinical Parameters – A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Swambhavi Awasthi ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Saurav Attri ◽  
Sakshi Malik Attri ◽  
Rajesh Sharawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19 made a huge impact on the world due to its rapid transmission and no treatments being available for it. The virus affected more people and spread to various countries than what was predicted when COVID-19 initially began spreading. There have been numerous pandemics and epidemics in the 21st century yet COVID-19 has affected more people and spread widely. The primary objective of the study was to explore history, spread and associated parameters of existing viruses especially COVID-19. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for a systematic search to identify eligible published articles. Clinical data, regarding COVID-19 patients, was obtained from previously published articles. The main cause of COVID-19 spreading rapidly was noted to be due to a high percentage of asymptomatic patients, transmission being air-borne, and the lack of knowledge and preventative measures being implemented when the virus began spreading. The common co-morbidity that found in patients was Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Coronary Heart Disease. The common symptoms, found through the Meta-analysis, that the patients faced included cough (55.4%), fever (68.4%), fatigue (20.3%), and shortness of breath (18.1%). The proportion of asymptotic positive cases was measured 58.3% (95%CI: 24.7% – 87.9%) while mortality proportion was found to be 6.7% (fixed-effect model) and 13.4% (random-effect model). The Meta-analysis indicated that a higher percentage of males were affected by COVID-19 than females and more patients are found to be asymptomatic. Moreover, the mortality rate of patients that have had COVID-19 was found to be low. 

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