Laparoscopic evaluation of female infertility in low socioeconomic status

Background: Infertility is a multidimensional health issue which is rising dramatically. The common causes include ovarian, uterine, tubal disorders, hormonal imbalance, age-related factors and lifestyle factors. The low economic strata poses a subset of problems like difficulty in seeking healthcare, treatment costs and poor compliance. Authors sought to evaluate the factors for primary and secondary infertility in women of reproductive age group who belong to low socio-economic strata using laparoscopy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department at Sanjay Gandhi memorial hospital, Delhi comprising 50 infertile women of reproductive age group belonging to low socioeconomic class for a period of 2 years from June 2015 onwards.Results: Among primary infertility, tuberculosis (27.02%), ovarian cyst (16.22%), adhesions (10.81%), polycystic ovaries (10.81%) and Pelvic inflammatory disease (10.81%) were the major findings whereas in secondary infertility Pelvic inflammatory disease (23.07%), tuberculosis (15.38%), adhesions (15.38%) and endometriosis (7.69%) were the major factors seen in the study.Conclusions: Tuberculosis and pelvic inflammatory disease were the major factors seen in infertile women of low socioeconomic status thus, they should be kept high on the list of differential diagnosis even if the investigative work up is negative.

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Clinico-Ultrasonographic Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in Western Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3126/njr.v8i1.20438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 2-6

Author(s):

Sangeeta Devi Gurung ◽

Prakash Sharma

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

Previous History ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Type Iii ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the major complications in first trimester pregnancy, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 1.3-2.4% of all pregnancies. Previously, though laparoscopy was considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, due to availability of high resolution ultrasound, it has become the first line investigation for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2015 till December 2017. All the cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. Ultrasonological and intraoperative findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS (VERSION 16).Results: Twenty six patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was 0.35%. It was most common among the reproductive age group between 20-40 years with mean age of 30.50 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (n=10, 38.5%) was considered as risk factor. Radiological finding of Type III ectopic pregnancy (n=21, 80.8%) was the most common type.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common among reproductive age group with previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Type III is the most common type.

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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12992 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Bandana Pandey

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Age Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Knowledge of pelvic inflammatory disease and its epidemiology is essential to understand reproductive morbidity in women. This paper estimates the level of association between demographic factors and pelvic inflammatory disease in women in their reproductive age. Methods: A descriptive study done in Humla, Kritipur and Baudha by organizing a health camp. Women of reproductive age group and who have lower abdominal pain, pervaginal discharge, fever, and dysparunia were included in the study after taking informed verbal consent from the patient. Patients who have lower abdominal pain and pervaginal discharge were diagnosed as pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: Diagnoses of pelvic inflammatory disease were made in 30% of attendances amongst women aged between 16 to 48. Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease was associated with smoking (P<0.0001), age groups 31 – 40 yrs (44.6%),in rural areas(45%) and people who are illiterate (P<0.0001). Among 400, 383(95%) were reported ever using a modern contraceptive. Conclusion: The prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease was 30% in reproductive age group and was significantly associated with smoking.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12992

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ASSESSMENT OF CERVICAL CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INFERTILE WOMEN

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i3.145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Garima Gupta ◽

Abhilasha Gupta

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Cancer Cervix ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Cytological Abnormalities ◽

Infertile Patients ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Infertility is a global problem, affecting approximately one-fifth of couples trying to conceive. With the incidence similar in most countries independent of the level of the country’s development. Methods: The hospital based prospective study was conducted on 50 women of reproductive age group who were in the follicular phase of their cycle and had primary and secondary infertility Results: On pap smear 77.14% patients were present NILM, 15.71% patients were present ASC-US, 4.29% patients were present inflammatory and 1.42% patients were present HSIL & LSIL. Conclusion: We observed that infertile patients may benefit from cervical cytological screening as they show a higher tendency for cervical cytological abnormalities. It is recommended to increase the awareness of the population about the importance of cancer cervix screening programs. Keywords: pap smear, cancer cervix, ASC-US, HSIL, LSIL.

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Awareness Of Lifestyle Modification In Female Diagnosed With Polycystic Overian Disease

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.3978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 199-202

Author(s):

Karthi M ◽

Lucetta Dias

Keyword(s):

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Reproductive Age Group ◽

Made In

Most of the women in the reproductive age group are affected by PCOD. Emphasis on prevention of PCOD, as the incidents of PCOD, are increasing. The current incident of PCOD is (5%to 15%) is increasing fastly due to lifestyle and stress. It is also becoming a common problem amongst adolescent, developing soon after puberty. Amongst infertile women, about 15% to 20% of infertility cases are due to anovulation caused by PCOD. This study was done to assess the knowledge of PCOD among women and to make them aware of lifestyle modification is an important part of treatment. Some of the women who developed cardiovascular disease, hypertension, endometrial cancer and type 2 diabetes later in life appear to have suffered from PCOD in earlier years. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Chennai with 100 women of reproductive age (18~45 yrs) from January to June 2020 using standardized questionnaire. According to the study, 28% of the subjects are very well aware of the PCOD. 58% had expressed somewhat aware, 64% aware that Exercise help in the management of PCOD, in that 27% are maintaining diet and exercise every day. 14% of the respondents are not aware of the PCOD. This study indicated that more awareness should be made in the general public about PCOD as the majority of the participants are ignorant about lifestyle modification.

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ASSESSMENT OF CERVICAL CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INFERTILE WOMEN

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i8.2111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Mamta Choudhary ◽

Dharmpal Godara

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Cytological Abnormalities ◽

Infertile Patients ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Assessment of cervical cytomorphological changes in infertile women. Methods: The hospital based prospective study was conducted on 50 women of reproductive age group who were in the follicular phase of their cycle and had primary and secondary infertility Results: On pap smear 80.00% patients were present NILM, 12.00% patients were present ASC-US, 4.00% patients were present inflammatory and 2.00% patients were present HSIL & LSIL. Conclusion: We observed that infertile patients, may benefit from cervical cytological screening as they show a higher tendency for cervical cytological abnormalities. Keywords: ASC-US, HSIL, LSIL.

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Clinical Findings of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases among women in Reproductive Age

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v7i1.54753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 52-55

Author(s):

Ismat Ara Laizu ◽

Laila Anjuman Banu ◽

Fowzia Abul Fayez

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Pelvic Inflammatory disease is a very common gynaecological condition among the women in reproductive age group. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out the clinical findings of Pelvic inflammatory diseases among the women during reproductive age group. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2008 to June 2009 for a period of one (01) and a half year. Women who were presented with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attended at the OPD of gynecology Department at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were selected as study population. Detailed clinical history of each patient was taken and thorough physical examination was performed. Result: A total number of 300 cases were recruited. The mean age with SD was 30.3±9.57 years. Majority of the patients had tenderness in the lower abdomen which was 96(64.0%) cases. However, 152(50.7%) patients had vaginal discharge and 34(11.3%) patients had uterovaginal proplapse. However, cervical tear was present in 96(32.0%) cases and chronic cervicitis was present in 138(46.0%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion most common clinical feature is lower abdominal tenderness followed by vaginal discharge. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 52-55

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Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude Towards HIV Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in a Public Sector Hospital

Journal of Surgery Pakistan ◽

10.21699/jsp.22.3.6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Public Sector Hospital ◽

Reproductive Age Group

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Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/5102329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽

Frehiwot Mesfin ◽

Bezatu Mengiste ◽

Adane Tesfaye ◽

Lemma Getacher

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

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