Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with menstrual disorders of reproductive age group: a prospective cross-sectional study

Background: Thyroid disorders specifically the hypothyroidism has been associated with menstrual disturbances in women of reproductive age group. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its correlation with menstrual disorders in women of reproductive age group.Methods: A hospital based prospective analytical study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna from March 2017 to March 2018. 56 women of reproductive age group between 18 to 45 years presenting with menstrual disorders (like menorrhagia, oligo/hypomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, metrorrhagia, and amenorrhea) were recruited in this study. Thyroid function test was done in all patients. Statistical analysis done.Results: Maximum number of patients were seen in the age group of 31-40 years. Most common menstrual complain was menorrhagia (46.42%) followed by hypo/oligomenorrhoea (17.86%). In patients with menstrual disorders, 41.07 % had thyroid disorders in which subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in 17.86%, overt hypothyroidism in 12.5%, and overt hyperthyroidism in 5.35% of the women. Menorrhagia was the commonest menstrual disorder (52.94%) seen in hypothyroid patients followed by polymenorrhoea. A high degree positive correlation was observed between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual disorder (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.93).Conclusions: Our study concluded that thyroid dysfunction should be considered as an important etiological factor for menstrual irregularity. Thus, thyroid function tests should be performed in all patients with menstrual irregularities to avoid unnecessary interventions like curettage and hysterectomy.

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EVALUATE THE RELATION BETWEEN THYROID DISORDERS AND ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP : A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR

10.36106/3532415 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-16

Author(s):

Kumari Ragini ◽

Kumar Sourav ◽

Lata Shukla Diwedi ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

Uterine Bleeding ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Age Group ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common disorder occurring in reproductive age group females. It can be understood as bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside the normal parameters and there is no structural defects in the genital tract. One of the most common association with AUB is thyroid dysfunctions. Hence this study aimed to see the incidence of thyroid related disorders in AUB and also to assess the menstrual pattern. Material and Methods: 100 women suffering from AUB who presented to OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar were recruited in the study. All females in 19 to 45 years of age group with abnormal uterine bleeding were included excluding those with previously known thyroid disorder, abortion history within 3 months etc. Thyroid function tests were done in all along with ultrasonography of pelvis region. Statistical analysis done. Results: The bleeding abnormality that was found in the most of the women was heavy menstrual bleeding. Women who presented with thyroid dysfunction were 33%. 23% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 6% had hypothyroidism and 4% had hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding has strong association with thyroid disorders. Most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction

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A study of correlation between thyroid disorders and menstrual disorders in reproductive age group

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3183-3190

Author(s):

Moulika Shirish Shah ◽

Patange R. P

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Age Group ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Thyroid Activity ◽

Group Research ◽

Menstrual Irregularities ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Present study to evaluate and detect thyroid dysfunction and its correlation in patients with a menstrual disorder in the reproductive age group. Research objectives are to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in relation to menstrual disorders and study the correlation between menstrual irregularities and thyroid dysfunction. Precise assessments of thyroid hormones in serum become achievable easily and accurately with the introduction of new hormographical research techniques. Hypothyroidism diagnosis is advantageous because it typically relieves the patient of all symptoms. Therefore, the assessment of thyroid activity forms an essential component for the evaluation of a female with menorrhagia or otherwise menstrual irregularities. The individuals are rescued from repeated curettage from hysterectomy by early diagnosis of hypothyroidism Objectively measured menstrual blood losses were 35 ml per menstrual cycle (patients in the age group exposures.

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A study of prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in abnormal uterine bleeding

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 2905

Author(s):

Aditi Rai ◽

Sapna Raina

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

Uterine Bleeding ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Age Group ◽

Total N ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most frequent presentation to gynecology OPD. AUB is a common but complicated clinical presentation and occurs in 15-20% of women between menarche to menopause and significantly affects the women’s health. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and cause abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularity, infertility and premature menopause. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women in reproductive age group with AUB.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer and Medical Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital at Narayana Health City, Bangalore with abnormal uterine bleeding during the period of 2 years (December 2015 to November 2017), total 153 patients were included in the study. All women with AUB in reproductive age group were included. Diagnosed cases of ovarian cyst, uterine fibroid, polyp, adenomyosis, endometriosis and malignant (endometrial and cervical) tumors were excluded. Women who are on drugs or hormone therapy (for past 3 months. IUCD users/oral contraceptives pill user. Patients with known case of thyroid disorder, carcinoma thyroid patients with history of coagulation disorder, liver disorder, renal disorder, tuberculosis.Results: A total N=115 (75.2%) of patients who took part in this study had euthyroid status. The estimated prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 24.9%. Out of which n=22 (14.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, n=14 (9.2%) had overt hypothyroidism, n=2 (1.3%) had hyperthyroidism. The most common thyroid dysfunction amongst the study group was noted to be subclinical hypothyroidism (14.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in cases which are clinically diagnosed as AUB. TSH is most sensitive test in detecting thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical cases need to be treated. Hence thyroid function evaluation should be made mandatory in cases of AUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.

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A Study of Thyroid Function Tests in Pregnant and Non - Pregnant Women in the Reproductive Age Group of the Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand - India

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.5958/j.0976-5506.4.2.025 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

J B Gogoi ◽

Amit K Singh ◽

Sukesh Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Age Group ◽

Function Tests ◽

Garhwal Region ◽

Reproductive Age Group

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Influence of thyroid gland in women with abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive age group

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2222

Author(s):

Kavitha Marimuthu ◽

Malarvizhi Loganathan

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

Uterine Bleeding ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Premature Menopause ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Age Group ◽

College Hospital ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding is a common complaint encountered in Gynaecology OPD. It occurs in 9-14% of women from Menarche to Menopause affecting quality of life imposing financial burden. Thyroid dysfunction causes broad spectrum of reproductive disorders from abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularities, infertility and premature menopause. Thyroid disorders are 10 times more common in women and increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in women is possibly due to auto immune nature.Methods: This Prospective study population consisted of 250 women attending the Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic, in Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital, with complaints of bleeding problems during menstruation in the age group of 18 to 45 years.Results: Of 250 cases of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive age group attending the outpatient department about 68 cases have thyroid dysfunction. The common thyroid dysfunction in our study was hypothyroidism which comprises about 15.6% similarly other thyroid dysfunction are hyperthyroidism in 7.2% and subclinical hypothyroidism in 3.2% and subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.2%.Conclusions: It brings into focus the increased incidence of hypothyroidism among women with menorrhagia and amenorrhea. And increased incidence of hyperthyroidism in women with oligomenorrhea. Early detection by selective screening and specific pharmacotherapy for subclinical thyroid disease early in the course of the disease will prove to be a superior alternative to surgical treatments like hysterectomy.

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PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS MENSTRUAL DISORDERS AMONG FEMALES OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE-GROUP OF KASHMIR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/1223 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 348-354

Author(s):

Dr.Sheema Samreen ◽

Dr.Muzamil Hassan ◽

Dr.GhulamHassan Khatana ◽

Dr.Ambrine Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reproductive Age Group

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Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude Towards HIV Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in a Public Sector Hospital

Journal of Surgery Pakistan ◽

10.21699/jsp.22.3.6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Public Sector Hospital ◽

Reproductive Age Group

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Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/5102329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽

Frehiwot Mesfin ◽

Bezatu Mengiste ◽

Adane Tesfaye ◽

Lemma Getacher

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

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