Effect of postpartum counseling on adoption of family planning within six months in women delivered in SSG Hospital: an interventional study

Background: Increased family planning helps to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Unmet need is spacing of birth for younger women and is the limitation of births for older women; both of which can be fulfilled by rigorous counseling. so the present study was conducted to measure the proportion of targeted women adopting family planning methods after postpartum counseling and to find out the type and timing of adoption.Methods: A Non-randomized control trial was conducted. The study was carried out at the postpartum delivery ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of SSG Hospital. 103 participants in the intervention group and 103 participants in the control group were interviewed.Counseling and leaflet were given to the intervention group. The washout period was kept for one week. In the next week in the control group usual counseling was given by the counselor (standard of care). Second interview of the same participants was done telephonically or home visits after the 6 months to see the adoption of family planning method.Results: Within six months of delivery, acceptance of contraceptive methods was more in intervention group (72.85%) than in control group (48.52%). Condom was the most common type of contraceptive intervention used in both interventional group (51.45%) and control group (36.76%) followed by Copper T use which was 14.21% in interventional group and 8.82% in control group. Majority of the women adopted contraceptives within two months of intervention.Conclusions: Counseling may help in adoption of family planning methods among postpartum women.

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Effectiveness of Health Education Family Planning Guidelines on Health Beliefs and Behaviours Regarding Family Planning Methods Among Married Men in Myanmar

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v12i2.5193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Zay Yar Tun ◽

Tintin Sukartini

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Education ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Health Belief ◽

Control Group ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Married Men ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Family Planning Methods

Introduction: Males are the most important members and care-takers of the family, but they are considered to be uncooperative when it comes to the usage of family planning methods. Traditionally, family planning programs have focused primarily on women, and most of the methods are designed for women considering that it is the women who become pregnant and it is easy to deliver reproductive health services as part of maternal and child health programs. The main objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of Health Education (HE) Family Planning Guidelines on Health Belief and Behaviours regarding family planning methods among married men Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used to compare the results of the effectiveness of health education on the health beliefs and behaviours regarding family planning methods among married men. Mann-Whitney test and Manova test were used to analyse the data. Results: It was found that there was a difference of health belief with p= 0.038, knowledge with p= 0.000 and attitude with p= 0.000 between the treatment and control group. Conclusions: There was an impact on the improvement of health belief and behaviours regarding family planning methods in the study group which was significantly improved after intervention. As the predetermined hypothesis, a difference was found between the knowledge, attitude and health beliefs of the married men who received health education and those who did not receive health education.

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Reproductive mortality and its relation to different methods of birth control

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000018691 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 323-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ulf Högberg ◽

Stig Wall

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Younger Women ◽

The Us ◽

Modern Family ◽

Planning Methods ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S ◽

High Level ◽

Family Planning Methods

SummaryThis report evaluates the decrease in maternal mortality and its relation to family planning methods in Sweden during the years 1911–80. In the 1930s fertility was low but illegal abortions were at a high level and the associated maternal death rate was 18·5 per 1000 women. With the legalization of abortion and the introduction of modern contraceptive methods, the crude reproductive mortality rate in 1965–70 was 1·7 per 100,000 women and this was reduced still further, especially for younger women, by the late 1970s. Standardized reproductive mortality was then 80% higher than the crude rate, indicating the importance of modern family planning methods. Mortality associated with oral contraceptive or IUD use in Sweden during the 1960s and 1970s was lower than in England and the US. Mortality associated with sterilization was 6·2 per 100,000 procedures.

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Effectiveness of Exercises in Glycaemic Control and Maternal Outcome among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus- A Pilot study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46594.14924 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Reena Wilma Frank ◽

Kaipangala Raja Gopal ◽

Devina E Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Maternal Outcome ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Moderate Effect ◽

And Control ◽

Interventional Group

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a common medical problem that is very often seen in pregnancy in the present era. Pregnant women should keep in mind their health and lifestyle considerations or else pregnancy will end up with many complications. Pre-existing factors and pregnancy factors will be contributing and make pregnancy more complicated. Exercises are recommended as a healthy practice which prevents many diseases and provides a healthy life. Aim: To evaluate the glycaemic level by focusing on exercises to improve the maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: A Pilot study with Quasi-experimental pre-post control group design with 30 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) women (15 in each group) were selected who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in tertiary care Hospital between June 2019 and December 2019. Based on the convenience sampling technique, the setting was selected and a simple random technique was adopted to select the subjects. The 15 subjects were included in each groups, both intervention and control group. Exercises were taught for the interventional group of women for 12 weeks. Regular treatment was continued for both groups which include medication, diet and regular walking. Pre-test and post-test glycaemic scores were done for both the groups. Mann-whitney test, ANOVA, post-hoc test, paired Eta square were also used and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used. Results: The study shows there was a significant difference in the pre-Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and post FBS values in the intervention group p-value <0.027. The paired Eta square value was 0.303 which showed a moderate effect of the exercise on the glycaemic value in the interventional group. There was a significant difference in the pre glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and post HbA1c values in both the intervention and control group was p-value <0.023 and p-value <0.025, respectively. The maternal outcome shows increased severity of the complications in the control group while comparing with the intervention group such as pre-eclampsia, operative interference, and preterm deliveries. But there was no significant difference in the maternal outcome observed between intervention and control group p-value >0.05. Conclusion: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise training during pregnancy is associated with lower blood glucose level. Thus, study concluded that exercise has a moderate effect on glycaemic control.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Family Planning among Married Muslim Women of Reproductive Age

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v18i2.2244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 238-242

Author(s):

Usha Dhakal ◽

Ram Bahadur Shrestha ◽

Surendra Kumar Bohara ◽

Samir Neupane

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽

Family Planning Methods

Background: Maternal mortality is associated with the unmet need of family planning. Family planning has been subjected as taboos in the Muslim community with low use of its methods. Gulariya Municipality is the second largest community for Muslim. This research focuses on knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among Muslim women of reproductive age.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was undertaken in Gulariya Municipality. Married Muslim women of reproductive age group from 164 households were interviewed using systematic random sampling. Key informant interview was also applied.Results: The percentage of women who have knowledge on family planning methods was found 94.5%. On the means of contraception, most of the women (73.2%) knew about Depo. The attitude of the respondents was seen positive. A total of 79.3% of women were found to have practiced temporary means of family planning while none of the women surveyed were found using permanent family planning methods. Association between all socio-economic and demographic factors with knowledge of family planning methods were found insignificant at 0.05 level of significance. However, association between wealth rank and practices on family planning shows statistically significant association. Conclusions: Majority of women have knowledge on family planning, but still lack knowledge on few method like condom. Most of them found practicing family planning, despite the practice was not seen being done regularly. Language barrier seems to be influencing knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning. The research warrants newer strategies to be developed and employed to deal with the multi-disciplinary prospective of family planning among Muslim women.Keywords: Family planning; knowledge, attitude and practice; muslim women

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Improving Utilisation and awareness of Family Planning services in Adults of Reproductive age through Community Sensitization in Police Wing Village, Jinja District.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.43 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Rodgers Isiko

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Project Implementation ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Family Planning Methods

Background Family planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to space the number of children they have through the use of contraceptive methods. According to WHO, an estimated 225 million women in developing countries, 24.2% of women of reproductive age have an unmet need for contraception. However, contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa is low at only 21%. The total fertility rate remains high for many countries in the region (4.6 in Kenya and Rwanda, 5.4 in Tanzania, 6.2 in Uganda, and 6.4 for Burundi). Methodology This was a community-based project implementation on increasing awareness and utilization of family planning methods in Police Wing village, Jinja district. Consent was gotten from the VHT, LC1, and DHO before mobilizing people to gather at the VHT’s home and her neighbour’s compound where we carried out the different educational sessions. Different team members got different roles to play as regards the health education session. One week later, we evaluated the progress of our project implementation through the administration of questionnaires to the same people we health educated. The questionnaire assessed the level of utilization, awareness, myths, misconception, and demography of the participants. Results 28% had heard about at least three family planning methods and 24.1% had at one time used family planning while 75.9% of the participants admitted not to have used it. The post-session assessment showed an increase from 28% to 93% in knowledge regarding the available methods of FP and an increase in the utilization of FP from 28% to 42%. Conclusion and recommendations Addressing the myths and misconceptions about FP by exposing them as a fallacy would help increase the uptake as evidenced by the will of the community to take up the different methods. Organize frequent health talks about FP in the community.

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Effect of a Virtual Reality-enhanced Exercise and Education Intervention on Patient Engagement and Learning in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23882 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria Vavala ◽

Daniel Graves ◽

Shannon Ames ◽

Pavitra Krishnamani

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Patient Adherence ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Final Visit ◽

Control Group ◽

Satisfaction With Treatment ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation is clinically proven to reduce morbidity and mortality, but many patients do not attend treatment. Those who do attend frequently do not finish their full course of treatment. This is greatly influenced by socioeconomic factors but is also due to patients’ lack of understanding on the importance of their care and a lack of motivation to maintain attendance. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the potential benefits of virtual reality (VR) walking trails within cardiac rehabilitation treatment, specifically on patient education retention, satisfaction with treatment, and overall attendance of treatment sessions. METHODS New cardiac rehabilitation patients were enrolled and randomized on a rolling basis to either control or intervention groups. Intervention patients completed time on the treadmill with VR walking trails, including audio recorded education; control patients completed standard of care therapy. Both groups were assisted by nursing staff for all treatment sessions. Primary outcomes were determined by assessing six-minute-walk-test (6MWT) improvement. Additionally, secondary outcomes of patients’ cardiac knowledge and satisfaction were assessed via computer-based questionnaire; patient adherence to recommended number of sessions was also monitored. Cardiac knowledge assessment included a pre-rehabilitation education quiz, the same quiz repeated at their final visit, and again at a 2-month follow up. The satisfaction questionnaire was completed at their final visit. RESULTS Between January 2018 and May 2019, 72 patients were enrolled, 41 to the intervention group and 31 to the control group. Based upon the results of the pre- and post-rehabilitation 6MWT, no differences were seen between intervention and control groups (P = .23). No statistical differences were seen between groups on education (P = .50) or satisfaction (P = .30) at any time point. The control group had statistically more favorable rates of attendance, both by risk group (P = .024) and by completion of minimum sessions (P = .046), but no correlation was seen between study group and reason for ending treatment. CONCLUSIONS While no improvements were seen in the VR intervention group over the control group, it is worth noting that limitations in the study design may have influenced these outcomes, not the medium itself. Furthermore, qualitative information suggests that patients may have indeed enjoyed their experience with VR in a way that the quantitative data in this study may not have captured. Suggested within this paper are further considerations of how and when VR should be applied to cardiac rehabilitation. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03945201

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Postpartum family planning in Rwanda: a cost effectiveness analysis

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.12934.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 887

Author(s):

Pamela Williams ◽

Katie Morales ◽

Vikram Sridharan ◽

Alekya Tummala ◽

Elliot Marseille

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Family Planning ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

World Health ◽

Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Postpartum Family Planning ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Family Planning Methods

Background: Globally, there is a large unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period: 90% of women in this group want family planning for birth spacing or to avoid unintended pregnancies and stop child bearing once desired family size has been reached. Women spend on average about 30 years, or three-quarters of their reproductive lives, attempting to avoid pregnancy. In total 76% of Rwandan women want family planning postpartum, yet a 26% unmet need remains. Methods: This cost effectiveness analysis compared the two most frequently-used family planning methods in Rwanda, longer-acting reversible contraception (LARC), injections and subdermal implants, and shorter-acting reversible contraceptives (non-LARC), pills and condoms. Women who do not use contraception postpartum were also represented. A time horizon of 24 months was used to reflect the World Health Organization suggested two-year spacing from birth until the next pregnancy, and the analysis was conducted from a health systems perspective. Results: For women of reproductive age (12-49 years) in Rwanda, including LARC postpartum family planning methods in the options, saves $18.73 per pregnancy averted, compared to family planning options that offer non-LARC methods exclusively. Conclusion: $2.8 million US$ per year can be saved if LARC is included as a contraceptive choice across all health centers in Rwanda; this cost savings provides the opportunity for these funds to be allocated to other high value interventions. Potential inclusion of these methods at Rwanda’s faith-based health facilities warrants further attention.

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Making family planning accessible in resource-poor settings

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2009.0172 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 364 (1532) ◽

pp. 3093-3099 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ndola Prata

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Easy Access ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Low Resource Settings ◽

Low Resource ◽

Resource Poor ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Family Planning Methods

It is imperative to make family planning more accessible in low resource settings. The poorest couples have the highest fertility, the lowest contraceptive use and the highest unmet need for contraception. It is also in the low resource settings where maternal and child mortality is the highest. Family planning can contribute to improvements in maternal and child health, especially in low resource settings where overall access to health services is limited. Four critical steps should be taken to increase access to family planning in resource-poor settings: (i) increase knowledge about the safety of family planning methods; (ii) ensure contraception is genuinely affordable to the poorest families; (iii) ensure supply of contraceptives by making family planning a permanent line item in healthcare system's budgets and (iv) take immediate action to remove barriers hindering access to family planning methods. In Africa, there are more women with an unmet need for family planning than women currently using modern methods. Making family planning accessible in low resource settings will help decrease the existing inequities in achieving desired fertility at individual and country level. In addition, it could help slow population growth within a human rights framework. The United Nations Population Division projections for the year 2050 vary between a high of 10.6 and a low of 7.4 billion. Given that most of the growth is expected to come from today's resource-poor settings, easy access to family planning could make a difference of billions in the world in 2050.

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Understanding unmet need for family planning

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182384 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2524

Author(s):

Srishti Singh ◽

Meenakshi Kalhan ◽

J. S. Malik ◽

Anuj Jangra ◽

Nitika Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Young Women ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Intentions ◽

The World ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Reinforcing Effects ◽

Investments In Education ◽

Family Planning Methods ◽

Do So

Unmet need represents the gap between women’s reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. There are some 225 million women in the world who want to use safe and effective family planning methods are unable to do so. Control over fertility is very important not only because of its far-reaching implications on prosperity and overall growth of the nation, but also because of its impact on the freedom of young women to lead life of their own choice. Reduction in unmet need for family planning is critical for the overall development of the society. Combination of the mutually reinforcing effects of investments in education, health and family planning programmes is needed.

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Family Planning Uptake in Kagera and Mara Regions in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Community Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041651 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1651

Author(s):

Joseph Massenga ◽

Rita Noronha ◽

Bayoum Awadhi ◽

Dunstan R. Bishanga ◽

Oliva Safari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Family Planning ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Health Workers ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Family Planning Methods

In Tanzania, 27.1% of all women of reproductive age are currently using modern contraception and 16.8% have an unmet need for family planning. We therefore examined factors associated with family planning uptake after giving birth in two regions of Tanzania. The survey, which collected information beyond that collected in the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey, used a two-stage, stratified-cluster sampling design, conducted in April 2016 in Mara and Kagera regions in Tanzania. A total of 1184 women aged 15–49 years, who had given birth less than two years prior to the survey were included. Logistic regression mixed effect modelling was used to examine factors associated with family planning uptake. A total of 393 (33.2%) women used family planning methods and 929 (79%) required prior approval from their partners. Participation of men in utilization of maternal health care was low, where 680 (57.8%) women responded that their partners accompanied them to at least one antenatal care (ANC) counselling visit and 120 (10%) responded that their partners participated in family planning counselling. Women who did not want to disclose whether they had discussed family planning with their partners, strikingly had the highest percentage of using family planning methods after birth. Factors independently associated with family planning uptake included: having discussed family planning with the partner (aOR 3.22; 95% CI 1.99–5.21), having been counselled on family planning during antenatal care (aOR 2.68; 95% CI 1.78–4.05), having discussed family planning with a community health worker (CHW) (aOR 4.59; 95% CI 2.53–8.33) and with a facility health care worker (aOR 1.93; 95% CI 1.29–2.90), having primary or higher educational level (aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.01–2.273), and being in union (aOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.02–3.42). Educational interaction with community and facility health workers, as well as having a supportive partner as facilitator increased uptake of family planning. This needs to be prioritized in regions with similar socio-cultural norms in Tanzania and beyond.

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