scholarly journals Effect of grey zone sample testing of transfusion transmissible infectious diseases on safety of blood-experience of a tertiary care referral teaching hospital blood bank from South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3438
Author(s):  
Anitha M. ◽  
Sreedhar Babu K. V. ◽  
Praveen M. D. ◽  
Sriranjitha T. V. N.
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Sample Testing

Background: Grey zone samples with optical density (OD) lying between cut-off OD and 10% below the cut-off OD (cut-off OD × 0.9) were identified during routine transfusion transmissible infectious disease (TTIs) screening. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used for this purpose can sometimes fail to detect blood donors who are recently infected or possessing the low viremia. Estimation of a grey zone in ELISA testing and repeat testing of grey zone samples can further help in reducing the risks of TTI in countries where nucleic acid amplification testing for TTIs is not feasible.Methods: On performing repeat ELISA testing on grey zone samples in duplicate, the samples showing both OD values below grey zone were marked nonreactive, and samples showing one or both OD value in the grey zone were marked indeterminate. The samples on repeat testing showing one or both OD above cut-off value were labelled reactive.Results: Of the 21,908 blood donors screened during the study period, a total of 144 blood donors were found to be in grey zone. On repeat testing of these grey zone samples, 35 (24.30%) were found to be reactive for TTIs.Conclusions: Estimation of grey zone samples with repeat testing can further enhance the safety of blood transfusion in resource poor developing nations where more sophisticated and sensitive methods such as nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) is not available in all the blood banks.

Increasing Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors - A 3 Year Study in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Jagjeewan Ram ◽  
Namrata Nigam ◽  
Aparna Singh ◽  
Lubna Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Case Volume

BACKGROUND The primary aspect of blood transfusion lies in the availability of blood and blood components which are tested and reported negative for transfusion transmitted infections (TTI’s). The increased seroprevalence of TTI’s indicate their prevalence in general public. The study was conducted to analyse the increasing seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) over a period of 3 years. The objectives of the study determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care hospital & associated blood bank. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, over a period of 3 years from July 2017 to June 2020. The samples collected were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. RESULTS A total of 69561 blood units were collected during this 3-year study from July 2017 to June 2020. Of all the blood bags screened, the highest prevalence was seen for HBV followed by HCV and HIV. 949 (1.4 %) were reactive for HBV, 75 (0.1 %) were reactive for HIV and 332 (0.5 %) were reactive for HCV. The results show a remarkable increase in the seropositivity for hepatitis C infection. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of HCV has seen an increase in case load over the years as compared to HBV and HIV. This increase in case volume is indicative of impending liver diseases progressing to chronic stage over the years. Thus, it is imperative to create awareness in the general population to help reduce the risk factors responsible for HCV infection. KEYWORDS Blood Transfusion, Voluntary Donors, HCV, HBV, HIV, Seroprevalence, Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTI’s)

scholarly journals Universal amplification-free molecular diagnostics by billion-fold hierarchical nanofluidic concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (33) ◽  
pp. 16240-16249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ouyang ◽  
Jongyoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Rapid and reliable detection of ultralow-abundance nucleic acids and proteins in complex biological media may greatly advance clinical diagnostics and biotechnology development. Currently, nucleic acid tests rely on enzymatic processes for target amplification (e.g., PCR), which have many inherent issues restricting their implementation in diagnostics. On the other hand, there exist no protein amplification techniques, greatly limiting the development of protein-based diagnosis. We report a universal biomolecule enrichment technique termed hierarchical nanofluidic molecular enrichment system (HOLMES) for amplification-free molecular diagnostics using massively paralleled and hierarchically cascaded nanofluidic concentrators. HOLMES achieves billion-fold enrichment of both nucleic acids and proteins within 30 min, which not only overcomes many inherent issues of nucleic acid amplification but also provides unprecedented enrichment performance for protein analysis. HOLMES features the ability to selectively enrich target biomolecules and simultaneously deplete nontargets directly in complex crude samples, thereby enormously enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of detection. We demonstrate the direct detection of attomolar nucleic acids in urine and serum within 35 min and HIV p24 protein in serum within 60 min. The performance of HOLMES is comparable to that of nucleic acid amplification tests and near million-fold improvement over standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for protein detection, being much simpler and faster in both applications. We additionally measured human cardiac troponin I protein in 9 human plasma samples, and showed excellent agreement with ELISA and detection below the limit of ELISA. HOLMES is in an unparalleled position to unleash the potential of protein-based diagnosis.

Changing Clinicoradiologic Spectrum of Intracranial Neurotuberculosis in Children: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 879-888
Author(s):  
Sumiti Banga ◽  
Chandrika Azad ◽  
Rekha Gupta ◽  
Nishit Sawal ◽  
Vidushi Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Neurotuberculosis is among the most severe type of tuberculosis with high mortality and morbidity in all age groups. Various sociodemographic and disease-/treatment-related factors have emerged over the years that can affect clinical and radiologic features of neurotuberculosis. Objective: To investigate various clinical and neuroradiologic presentations of neurotuberculosis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care center of northern India. The patients between the ages of 3 months and 18 years with newly diagnosed neurotuberculosis were enrolled after taking informed consent. Results: A total of 78 patients (37% males) were enrolled. Fifty-six patients (72%) had tubercular meningitis (TBM) and 22 (28%) isolated tuberculomas. Very high percentage of patients in both the groups was BCG vaccinated. In the tubercular meningitis group, fever (68%), headache (59%), and vomiting (54%) were the most common complaints whereas in the tuberculoma group, seizures (95.5%) were the main complaint and systemic symptoms were rare. In tubercular meningitis patients, cerebrospinal fluid–based studies showed cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (Xpert MTB/RIF) positivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 17.6% cases, whereas on gastric aspirate and sputum examination, acid-fast bacilli were seen in 30.7% and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test was positive in 19% patients. On neuroimaging, hydrocephalus was seen in 44.6% of tubercular meningitis patients, infarcts in 32%, and basal exudates in 12% patients only; coexistent tuberculomas were seen in 53%. Conclusion: Compared with the available literature, the present study showed a smaller percentage of children <5 years of age, stage III tubercular meningitis cases, and typical neuroradiologic findings like hydrocephalus and basal exudates and more tuberculomas associated with tubercular meningitis.

Detection of HIV-1 infection in blood donors during the immunological window period using the nucleic acid-amplification technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. P. Scuracchio ◽  
M. C. C. Poli ◽  
M. M. M. Lemos ◽  
A. G. Oliveira Filho ◽  
N. A. Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Window Period ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology ◽  
Hiv 1
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