Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of otitis media among children in Qatar

Background: Otitis Media (OM) common diseases affecting children below 5 years of age with a harmful effect on their hearing and health status. Data about the bacterial profile and current antimicrobial resistance status of Otitis Media in the region is scarce. Objective of this study determine the causative organisms of Otitis Media and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among children in a Primary Health Care Corporation (PPHC) centers, Qatar.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in PPHC from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017. A total of 181 patients with Otitis Media presented to PHCC centers were enrolled in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were documented and analysed.Results: A total of 181 children, an almost equal number of male (49.7%) and female (50.3%) participants were involved in the study. 51.4% of participants were ≤5 years of age. Bacteria isolated were: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (27.6%), Hemophilus Influenza (13.3%), Staphylococcus Aureus (11.6%), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MSRA) (11.0%), Streptococcus Pyogenes (10.5%), Streptococcus Pneumonia (6.6%), Moraxella Catarrhalis (2.2%), Klebsiella Pneumonia (0.6%). The sensitivity of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was (100%) to cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin, (96%) to cefepime and gentamicin, and was (88.2%) to ciprofloxacin. MRSA sensitivity was (100%) to vancomycin, rifampicin, and teicoplanin, (89%) to clindamycin.Conclusion: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was the most frequent isolated bacteria. An overall antimicrobial resistance pattern seen in bacteria isolates ranges from 0% to 66.7%. The antimicrobial-resistant rate was observed for Ampicillin, Augmentin, and cefuroxime whereas ciprofloxacin, cefepime, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, vancomycin, and amikacin were found effective for the isolated resistant bacteria.

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Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Ready-To-Eat Vegetables Sold in Mohammadu Gumi Market, Kaduna, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/njpr.v16i2.15s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 131-137

Author(s):

A.F. Obajuluwa ◽

A. Kefas ◽

S.K. Parom

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Agar Disc

Background: Freshly consumed vegetables are considered to have more nutritional value than cooked ones. However, they are a potential source of foodborne illnesses due to possible microbial contamination, this poses safety threat.Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat vegetables sold in Mohammadu Gumi market, Kaduna and to determine the antibiotics resistance pattern of the bacteria isolates.Methods: A total of 40 samples of cabbage were collected. Gram staining, growth on selective media and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected with the use of cefoxitin disc agar diffusion test.Results: A total of 46 bacteria isolates were obtained with a total colony count range from 4 – 9 x 106CFU/ml. The following bacteria were isolated: aureus (41.3%), Escherichia coli (28.3%), Salmonella spp (19.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%) and Serratia spp (2.2%). The result of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed thatthe isolates were highly susceptible to ofloxacin: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia spp (100%), E. coli (92.3%) and Salmonella spp (87.5%). The isolates were all resistant to penicillin and ampicillin while 89.5% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were phenotypically methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: This study showed that the vegetables (cabbage) were highly contaminated with antibiotic resistant bacteria, this can be a source of infection to the consumers and a potential means of transmitting multidrug resistant bacteria strains in the community.

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Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples from Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/2529085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Salu Rai ◽

Uday Narayan Yadav ◽

Narayan Dutt Pant ◽

Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽

Prem Prasad Tripathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Wound Swab ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

In Nepal, little is known about the microbiological profile of wound infections in children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Total of 450 pus/wound swab samples collected were cultured using standard microbiological techniques and the colonies grown were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates were detected by using cefoxitin disc and confirmed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oxacillin. 264 (59%) samples were culture positive. The highest incidence of bacterial infections was noted in the age group of less than 1 year (76%). Out of 264 growth positive samples, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 162 (61%) samples and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 102 (39%) samples.Staphylococcus aureus(99%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacteria isolated andPseudomonas aeruginosa(44%) was predominant Gram-negative bacteria. About 19% ofS. aureusisolates were found to be methicillin-resistant MIC of oxacillin ranging from 4 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Among the children of Nepal, those of age less than 1 year were at higher risk of wound infections by bacteria.Staphylococcus aureusfollowed byPseudomonas aeruginosawere the most common bacteria causing wound infections in children.

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The Study of Antibacterial Properties of Anbarnasara Smoke on Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Infection in Pregnant Women

International Journal of Enteric Pathogens ◽

10.34172/ijep.2020.24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 110-115

Author(s):

Afsaneh Molamirzaei ◽

Maryam Allahdadian ◽

Monir Doudi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Urinary Infection ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Drug Resistant

Background: Using smoke from burning donkey dung has been popular in the treatment of many diseases in Iran. Objective: This study aimed to investigating the antimicrobial properties of donkey dung smoke on multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from urinary infection. Materials and Methods: First, 300 and 200 urine samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women in Isfahan, Iran. Then in each group, 100 bacterial isolates including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were isolated. Antibiotic resistant protocol was determined by antibiogram test. Donkey dung was sterilized, disintegrated, and heated. The smokes were concentrated in n-hexane solvent (65%) and were collected after evaporation of the solvent. Finally, the antibacterial activities of the concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL of the smokes were detected using disk diffusion and macrodilution methods. Results: The most abundant MDR isolates causing urinary infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women was Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of donkey dung smoke on MDR isolates from pregnant women were 0.25 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. In the case of MDR isolates in non-pregnant women, the MIC of the smoke on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was 0.25 mg/mL, and the MBC on these isolates was 0.5 mg/mL. Conclusion: The smokes from donkey dung investigated in the present study have suitable potentials for controlling the infections after In vivo analysis.

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Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tubotympanic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients in Purwokerto, Indonesia

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 340-348

Author(s):

Daniel Joko Wahyono ◽

Anton Budhi Darmawan ◽

Leader Alfason ◽

Reinhard Simbolon ◽

Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Tof Ms

BACKGROUND: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) causes hearing impairment and frequently occurred in low-income country where medical care and personal hygiene are poor. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common cause of CSOM. We investigated prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from tubotympanic CSOM patients in tertiary hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia in 2016-2017.METHODS: Ear swab specimens were collected from patients with tubotympanic CSOM. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were isolated and identified by culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and molecular tools. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method.RESULTS: Out of ear swabs from 34 patients with tubotympanic CSOM, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were identified in 35%patients. No Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain was found from the ear swabs of the patients with tubotympanic CSOM. Bacterial identification using the MALDI-TOF MS was concordantly with culture and molecular tools. All S. aureus isolates showed full susceptibility to cefoxitin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Resistance to tetracycline was common with only 64% of S. aureus strains being susceptible. Meanwhile, all P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to cefepime, cetazidime, meropenem, gentamicin, and tobramycin.CONCLUSION: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are found in patients with tubotympanic CSOM and still susceptible to different antibiotic agents. MALDI-TOF MS demonstrate rapid, accurate and robust to detect S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.KEYWORDS: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chronic tubotympanic suppurative otitis media

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Spectrum of antibiotic resistant bacteria and fungi isolated from chronically infected wounds in a rural district hospital in Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16528/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ralf Krumkamp ◽

Kwabena Oppong ◽

Benedikt Hogan ◽

Ricardo Strauss ◽

Hagen Frickmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

High Resistance ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Rural Ghana ◽

Infected Wounds ◽

Resistance Rates

Abstract Background: Chronic infected wounds are generally difficult to manage and treatment can be particularly challenging in resource-limited settings where diagnostic testing is not readily available. In this study, the epidemiology of microbial pathogens in chronically infected wounds in rural Ghana was assessed to support therapeutic choices for physicians.Methods. Culture-based bacterial diagnostics including antimicrobial resistance testing were performed on samples collected from patients with chronic wounds at a hospital in Asante Akim North Municipality, Ghana. Fungal detection was performed by broad-range fungal PCR and sequencing of amplicons. Results: In total, 105 patients were enrolled in the study, from which 207 potential bacterial pathogens were isolated. Enterobacteriaceae (n=84, 41%) constituted the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. On species level, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=50, 24%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=28, 14%) were predominant. High resistance rates were documented, comprising 29% methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus as well as resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in 33% and 58% of Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. One Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with carbapenem resistance was identified. The most frequently detected fungi were Candida tropicalis.Conclusions: The pathogen distribution in chronic wounds in rural Ghana matched the internationally observed patterns with a predominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Very high resistance rates discourage antibiotic therapy but suggest an urgent need for microbiological diagnostic approaches, including antimicrobial resistance testing to guide the management of patients with chronic wounds in Ghana.

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PREVALENCE OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH WOUND INFECTIONS FROM DIABETIC OUT-PATIENTS AT PLATEAU SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, JOS, NIGERIA

Open Journal of Bioscience Research (ISSN: 2734-2069) ◽

10.52417/ojbr.v1i2.143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

S. G. Pandukur ◽

T. T. Sambo ◽

A. G. Plangnan

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Research Committee ◽

Laboratory Technology

This study was carried out to determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial agents associated with diabetic patients attending out-patients Department in Plateau Specialist Hospital Jos. Wound swabs and pus were collected from the wounds of 251 out-patients’ department (OPD) over a 14 months’ period. Subjects were recruited upon approval by the Ethical Research Committee of the UCTH and after obtaining written or oral informed consent from the subject. Samples were cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard microbiology methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on the bacterial isolates. Six bacterial isolates were identified from wounds of diabetic patients viz: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most frequently encountered bacterial pathogen of wound infection among subjects was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.67%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.33%) while the lowest was Klebsiella pneumonia (6.67%). The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics ranged between 0.0% to 100%. The flouroquinolones were the most active antimicrobial agents observed among bacterial isolates from diabetic out-patients studied. S. aureus [7(100%) and 6(85.7%)] was the highest susceptible bacteria followed by P. aeruginosa [7(87.5%) and 5(62.5%)], E. coli 6(100%) against Ciprofloxacin (10%) and Augmentin (30%) respectively. Meanwhile, K. pneumonia and S. pneumonia were not susceptible each (0.0%) against Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol at 10% and 30% concentrations respectively. The study showed a high index of wound contamination with bacteria pathogens and resistance pattern to standard and commonly used antibacterial agents among diabetic out-patient from the study area. Pandukur, S. G. | Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos.

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Plasmid curing pattern of nosocomial pathogens of intensive care units (ICU) in Zagazig University Hospital

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i4.31018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 703-711

Author(s):

Soheir El Salam ◽

Mohammed Farouk Ghaly ◽

Ahmed Anwar Shahen ◽

Mahmoud Mostafa Amer ◽

Sanaa Atef Abdelkader

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

Complete Removal ◽

University Hospital ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Plasmid Curing

Nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance are serious and growing phenomenon in contemporary medicine and has emerged as one of the public health concerns. A total of seventy isolates of bacteria were collected from patients. The selected isolates include 33 (56.9%) from males and 25 (43.1%) from females. All bacteria were susceptible to imipenem followed by amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, respectively. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates (33 isolates) divided into four groups named Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were selected to be identified according to the keys of different identification protocols. Escherichia coli found to be the most frequent pathogen within MDR isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The MICs and MBCs of (Imipenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin) against the most resistant isolates were determined. Generally, P. aeruginosa (Strain No. 55) was found to be the highest resistant bacteria. Plasmid profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out, after incubation at 37oc for 24hr recorded no changes in plasmid and compared with incubation at 43oc (plasmid curing) which showed complete removal of plasmid bands and the tested bacteria became more sensitive to antibiotics. This study therefore determined the prevalence, anti-biotic susceptibility and plasmid patterns of P. aeruginosa strains from clinical specimens obtained from the intensive care units of Zagazig University Hospital in Egypt.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 703-711

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 369-375

Author(s):

Anusuya Devi Devaraju S. Latha Roy

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Background Surgical site infections are ranked among the most common health care associated infections. They cause significant morbidity, increased cost of care and prolonged hospital stay. A spectrum of microorganisms with varied antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have been identified as causative agents of SSI which vary with time, hospital, and with the type of surgical procedure performed. We conducted this study with an objective to assess the burden of SSI, its causative aerobic bacteria and their in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Aims & objectives 1) To identify the aerobic bacteriological profile of isolates causing surgical site infections. 2) To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates. Method: This study includes 266 clinically diagnosed cases of SSIs over a period of 8 months. Isolates were identified by conventional methods. Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for methicillin resistance by cefoxitin. Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which showed resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were tested for ESBL production by CLSI guidelines. Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for MBL production using Imipenem disc diffusion test. Results of the 266 samples processed, 193(72.5%) were culture positive samples which yielded 204 isolates. Staphylococcus aureus 60 (29.4%) was found to be the predominant organism causing SSI followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 40 (19.6%). Methicillin resistance was observed in 12 (20%) of Staphylococcus aureus strains. ESBL production was observed in 20.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 13.2 % Escherichia coli isolates. MBL production was not seen Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Conclusion: The present study showed the commonest bacteria responsible for the surgical site infections like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Hence Implementation of an effective infection control programme and judicious use of antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of SSI in the hospital.

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Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Urine Bacterial Isolates from Tripoli Medical Center (TMC), Tripoli, Libya

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine ◽

10.53986/ibjm.2021.0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 221-226

Author(s):

Abir Ben Ashur ◽

◽

Hamida El Magrahi ◽

Asma Elkammoshi ◽

Hiba Alsharif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common human bacterial infections encountered by physicians. The risk of resistant microbes is emerging as a result of the overuse of antibiotics treatments. The presence of pathogens with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents makes UTIs difficult to treat. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the pathogens that cause UTIs, as well as the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted from February 2020 to April 2020; a total number of 200 urine samples were collected from patients who daily attended TMC Libya. Bacterial pathogens were determined by bacteriological culture methods and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 200 samples, 110 cases had a positive culture. The dominant bacterial pathogens were Gram-negative that being with Escherichia coli (49, 55.68%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (18, 20.46%), Pseudomona aeruginosa (9, 10.23%), Proteus mirabilis (8, 9.09%), Enterobacter aerogenes (2, 2.27%), Citrobacter freundii (2, 2.27%). Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 20 (90.91%) followed by S. saprophyticus (2, 9.01%) of the isolate’s strains. The isolated uropathogen showed increased levels of resistance to antibiotics. Where the Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus indicated the highest antibiotic resistance to Nitrofurantoin, Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole and also revealed the most sensitivity to Cefixime followed by doxycycline and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: The obtained results emphasized the emergence of highly resistant bacteria to most of the tested antimicrobials and propose the need for physicians to change their treatment pattern depending on antimicrobial susceptibility results.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and multidrug resistance ındex in Pseudomonas aeruginosa among clinical isolates in Denizli, Turkey

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v20i3.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Selma Kırac ◽

Dilek Keskin ◽

Muradiye Yarar

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important hospital infection agent causing morbidity and mortality with the ability to gain resistance to many antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity profiles of nosocomial P.aeruginosa isolates in Denizli, Turkey.Methods: A total 120 P. aeruginosa strains which were isolated from specimens sent to the microbiology laboratory between January 2015 and December 2015 were investigated. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by agar disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations.Results: With respect to sensitivity pattern, the most sensitive antimicrobials were Amikacin, colistin, tobramisin, netilmicin and gentamicin and the resistance rates were detected as 97%, 96%, 92%, 90%, 83%, respectively over 120 P. aeruginosa strains. The sensitivity rates for the other antimicrobials were 56% for Piperacilin and 54% for Tazobactam. P. aeruginosa strains 62 (52%) isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance to 13 antimicrobialsConclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antimicrobial policies while surveillance programmes for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented. In the meantime, it is desirable that the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens like P. aeruginosa in specialized clinical units to be continuously monitored and the results readily made available to clinicians so as to minimize the development of resistance.

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