scholarly journals Factors affecting the development of ventral incisional hernia post abdominal surgery: a retrospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Sidhu ◽  
Declan Siedler ◽  
Richard Turner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Incisional Hernia ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Ventral Incisional Hernia

Background: Ventral incisional hernia (VIH) is one of the most common post-operative complications following abdominal surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate and risk factors associated with development of a ventral incisional hernia (VIH).Methods: Patients who underwent major abdominal surgery between 2010 and 2012 at a single institution were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from medical records. The primary outcome was clinical or radiological evidence of incisional hernia; explanatory variables were patient demographics and potential clinico-pathological risk factors for hernia development.Results: A total of 295 patients who underwent laparotomy were analysed. 45 (15.25%) patients were found to have a ventral incisional hernia on follow-up. The median time to development of hernia was 351 days. There were equal numbers of elective (N=22) and emergency (N=23) operations that developed an incisional hernia. Of the explanatory variables considered diabetes, hypertension (HTN) and body mass index (BMI) had persistent significant positive associations with the development of an incisional hernia. On univariable analysis diabetes (HR = 2.73, p-value = 0.004) and hypertension (HR =2.17, p-value = 0.016) were identified as independent risk factors for hernia development. BMI was also significantly associated with development of an incisional hernia on univariate analysis, but due to missing data this did not reach statistical significance on multivariable analysis.Conclusions: Although there are several risk factors to development of VIH, diabetes and HTN were associated with development of incisional hernia in our study. BMI also appears to be an important determinant of development of VIH. Further research in this area is likely to identify an at-risk subset of patients, who may benefit from weight loss prior to surgery or prophylactic mesh post-laparotomy. 

Treatment Outcomes of Childhood Tuberculosis in Three Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan: Findings from a Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Abdullah ◽  
Nafees Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Atif ◽  
Shereen Khan ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood Tb ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and factors associated unsuccessful outcomes among pediatric tuberculosis (TB) patients (age ≤14 years). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at three districts (Quetta, Zhob and Killa Abdullah) of Balochistan, Pakistan. All childhood TB patients enrolled for treatment at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital (BMCH) Quetta and District Headquarter Hospitals of Zhob and Killa Abdullah from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 were included in the study and followed until their treatment outcomes were reported. Data were collected through a purpose developed standardized data collection form and analyzed by using SPSS 20. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 5152 TB patients enrolled at the study sites, 2184 (42.4%) were children. Among them, 1941 childhood TB patients had complete medical record were included in the study. Majority of the study participants were <5 years old (66.6%) and had pulmonary TB (PTB; 65%). A total of 45 (2.3%) patients were cured, 1680 (86.6%) completed treatment, 195 (10%) lost to follow-up, 15 (0.8%) died, 5 (0.3%) failed treatment and 1 (0.1%) was not evaluated for outcomes. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, treatment at BMCH Quetta (OR = 25.671, p-value < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 3.126, p-value < 0.001) and extra-PTB (OR = 1.619, p-value = 0.004) emerged as risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes. Conclusion The study sites collectively reached the World Health Organization’s target of treatment success (>85%). Lost to follow-up was the major reason for unsuccessful outcomes. Special attention to patients with identified risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes may improve outcomes further.

scholarly journals Smoking increases the risk of surgical site infection after hydrocelectomy in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
Thiago Silva Da Costa ◽  
Paulo José De Medeiros ◽  
Mauro José Costa Salles
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Site Infection

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) following hydrocelectomy is relatively uncommon, but it is one of the main post-operative problems. We aimed to describe the prevalence of SSI following hydrocelectomy among adult patients, and to assess predisposing risk factors for infection. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a university hospital and included hydrocelectomies performed between January 2007 and December 2014. Diagnosis of SSI was performed according to the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, 30 patients were diagnosed with SSI (15.3%) and of these, 63.3% (19/30) were classified as having superficial SSI, while 36.7% (11/30) had deep SSI. The main signs and symptoms of infection were the presence of surgical wound secretion (70%) and inflammatory superficial signs such as hyperemia, edema and pain (60%). Among the 53 patients presenting chronic smoking habits, 26.4% (14⁄53) developed SSI, which was associated with a higher risk for SSI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 6.35, p < 0.01) in the univariate analysis. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, smoking habits were also statistically associated with SSI after hydrocelectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 to 6.24, p = 0.01). No pre-, intra-, or post-operative variable analyzed showed an independent association to SSI following hydrocelectomy. Conclusions: Smoking was the only independent modifiable risk factor for SSI in the multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals 2259. Predictors of Empiric Carbapenem Therapy in Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections in the United States, 2013–2017: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S773-S773
Author(s):  
Marya Zilberberg ◽  
Brian Nathanson ◽  
Kenneth Lawrence ◽  
Colby Johnson ◽  
Kristen Ditch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Abdominal Infections

Abstract Background Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) remain an important cause for hospitalization. Evidence-based guidelines recommend reserving broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage for high-risk cases in order to reduce overuse of certain antibiotic classes, particularly in the face of emerging carbapanem resistance. We examined the factors associated with use of empiric carbapenem treatment (ECT) among hospitalized patients with cIAI. Methods We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study in the Premier database of approximately 180 hospitals, 2013–2017. Using an ICD-9/10 based algorithm including a requirement for a laparotomy/laparoscopy, we identified all adult patients hospitalized with cIAI and included those with a positive blood or abdominal culture. We derived and tested a multivariable logistic regression model to examine predictors of ECT. Results Among 321,317 hospitalized patients with cIAI, 4,453 (1.4%) were culture-positive, 1,185 (26.6%) of whom received ECT. Among those given ECT, >50% (682) had no risk factors for resistance, and in only 120 (10.1%) was an organism resistant to a third-generation cephalosporin (C3R extended spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL] phenotype) isolated. The top 5 variables associated with ECT use were: pre-cIAI anti-fungal therapy (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.91, 3.45) urgent (vs. emergent) admission (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.21, 2.01), corticosteroids (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13, 1.99), ICU admission (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17, 1.82), and presence of sepsis/septic shock (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.18, 1.74). The model had a moderately good fit (c-statistic = 0.683; 95% CI (0.665, 0.700), Hosmer-Lemeshow P value = 0.411). Conclusion Among patients hospitalized with a cIAI, 26.6% received ECT despite >50% lacking risk factors for resistance, and an only 10% prevalence of C3R in this cohort. This suggests that there remains an opportunity for carbapanem-sparing strategies. Further stratification of the risk for resistance is needed among patients with markers of high illness severity, such as those identified in our model. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk factors for death among children aged 5–14 years hospitalised with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Macpherson ◽  
Morris Ogero ◽  
Samuel Akech ◽  
Jalemba Aluvaala ◽  
David Gathara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionThere were almost 1 million deaths in children aged between 5 and 14 years in 2017, and pneumonia accounted for 11%. However, there are no validated guidelines for pneumonia management in older children and data to support their development are limited. We sought to understand risk factors for mortality among children aged 5–14 years hospitalised with pneumonia in district-level health facilities in Kenya.MethodsWe did a retrospective cohort study using data collected from an established clinical information network of 13 hospitals. We reviewed records for children aged 5–14 years admitted with pneumonia between 1 March 2014 and 28 February 2018. Individual clinical signs were examined for association with inpatient mortality using logistic regression. We used existing WHO criteria (intended for under 5s) to define levels of severity and examined their performance in identifying those at increased risk of death.Results1832 children were diagnosed with pneumonia and 145 (7.9%) died. Severe pallor was strongly associated with mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) 8.06, 95% CI 4.72 to 13.75) as were reduced consciousness, mild/moderate pallor, central cyanosis and older age (>9 years) (aOR >2). Comorbidities HIV and severe acute malnutrition were also associated with death (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.84 and aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.21, respectively). The presence of clinical characteristics used by WHO to define severe pneumonia was associated with death in univariate analysis (OR 2.69). However, this combination of clinical characteristics was poor in discriminating those at risk of death (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.68, and area under the curve: 0.62).ConclusionChildren >5 years have high inpatient pneumonia mortality. These findings also suggest that the WHO criteria for classification of severity for children under 5 years do not appear to be a valid tool for risk assessment in this older age group, indicating the urgent need for evidence-based clinical guidelines for this neglected population.

An Analysis of Dental Implants Survival and Success

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466
Author(s):  
Iustin Olariu ◽  
Roxana Radu ◽  
Teodora Olariu ◽  
Andrada Christine Serafim ◽  
Ramona Amina Popovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Related

Osseointegration of a dental implant may encounter a variety of problems caused by various factors, as prior health-related problems, patients� habits and the technique of the implant inserting. Retrospective cohort study of 70 patients who received implants between January 2011- April 2016 in one dental unit, with Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the probability of implants�s survival at 60 months. The analysis included demographic data, age, gender, medical history, behavior risk factors, type and location of the implant. For this cohort the implants�survival for the first 6 months was 92.86% compared to the number of patients and 97.56% compared to the number of total implants performed, with a cumulative failure rate of 2.43% after 60 months. Failures were focused exclusively on posterior mandible implants, on the percentage of 6.17%, odds ratio (OR) for these failures being 16.76 (P = 0.05) compared with other localisations of implants, exclusively in men with median age of 42 years.

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