scholarly journals Pancreatico-biliary pathologies: correlation of USG and MRCP

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Priyanka Ashok Khopde ◽  
Abhimanyu Kelkar ◽  
Priscilla Joshi ◽  
Amol Bandgar ◽  
Mangal Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biliary Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Benign Pathology

Background: Obstructive jaundice is the most frequent form of hepato-biliary pathologies. The main aim is to confirm the presence of obstruction and to identify its cause, location and extent of the lesion. This study evaluated the role of USG and MRCP in hepato-biliary pathology.Methods: Twenty-five patients of all age groups with suspicion of obstructive jaundice referred for Ultrasound were included in our study. The patients with findings suggestive of biliary obstruction underwent MRCP.Results: Out of 25 patients, maximum patients were in the age group of 61-80 yrs. 52% were male and 48% were female. The jaundice was due to a benign etiology in 64% patients and malignant etiology in 36%. The most common benign pathology was choledocholithiasis (25%) and malignant pathology was periampullary carcinoma (44%). Overall 11 cases were inconclusive on ultrasound study while 2 cases were false positive for malignancy on MRCP. In 92% cases the correct diagnosis was detected on MRCP.Conclusions: USG is the initial and sometimes the only imaging modality in obstructive biliary disease. However the distal CBD which is poorly seen on USG can be well evaluated on MRCP thus improving the diagnosis in pancreatico-biliary pathologies.

scholarly journals Seasonality in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis notifications in Germany 2004-2014- a time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Charles ◽  
Matthias Eckardt ◽  
Basel Karo ◽  
Walter Haas ◽  
Stefan Kröger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Abstract Background Seasonality in tuberculosis (TB) has been found in different parts of the world, showing a peak in spring/summer and a trough in autumn/winter. The evidence is less clear which factors drive seasonality. It was our aim to identify and evaluate seasonality in the notifications of TB in Germany, additionally investigating the possible variance of seasonality by disease site, sex and age group. Methods We conducted an integer-valued time series analysis using national surveillance data. We analysed the reported monthly numbers of started treatments between 2004 and 2014 for all notified TB cases and stratified by disease site, sex and age group. Results We detected seasonality in the extra-pulmonary TB cases (N = 11,219), with peaks in late spring/summer and troughs in fall/winter. For all TB notifications together (N = 51,090) and for pulmonary TB only (N = 39,714) we did not find a distinct seasonality. Additional stratified analyses did not reveal any clear differences between age groups, the sexes, or between active and passive case finding. Conclusion We found seasonality in extra-pulmonary TB only, indicating that seasonality of disease onset might be specific to the disease site. This could point towards differences in disease progression between the different clinical disease manifestations. Sex appears not to be an important driver of seasonality, whereas the role of age remains unclear as this could not be sufficiently investigated.

scholarly journals The influence of sex on the olfactory function in healthy subjects

2002 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Slobodan Savovic ◽  
Vladimir Pilija ◽  
Slobodanka Lemajic ◽  
Maja Buljcik ◽  
Dejan Nincic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol

The sense of smell is the least examined of all senses. The significance of the organs of smell is in their influence on the mental state as well as on the vegetative, visceral and sexual functions. The objective of this experiment was to define the influence of sex on the olfactory function. It was performed on 120 subjects (60 females and 60 males) divided into three age groups (20 - 30; 31 - 40; 41 - 50 years of age). The experiment was carried out by the Fortunato-Niccolini olfactometric method using six odorous experimental substances: A - anethol, PH - phenyl-ethyl-alcohol, C citral, M - menthol, V- vanillin and P - pyridine, the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) being defined for each odorous substance. The examined females had slightly lower thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) in relation to the males of the same age group. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the group of subjects between 41 and 50 years of age where the females, being in the pre-menopause, had significantly better olfactory functions. The results can be explained by the weakening of the olfactory power as a result of ageing in both sexes, however, the females still experienced the protective role of sex hormones.

The Role of Chinese Traditional Medical Practise as a Form of Health Care in Singapore I: Preliminary Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 08 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Chan Ho ◽  
Kwok Chan Lun ◽  
W. K. Cheng Hin Ng
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Singapore Chinese ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Group Distribution

A retrospective study of 672 sampled records of patients of a major institutions providing Chinese traditional medicine in Singapore reveals that 97.3% of the patients were Chinese, with a dialect group distribution following closely that of the Singapore Chinese. The male-to-female patient ratio was 1.0:1.13. There were fewer patients of the pediatric age group and more of those from age 30 upwards. Some 43% of the patients sought treatment for ''infective'' and ''internal, emotional and weakness'' diseases. The prevalent disease conditions seen among patients from the different age groups are also analyzed and discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals On the role of different age groups during pertussis epidemics in California, 2010 and 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mahmud ◽  
Marc Lipsitch ◽  
Edward Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Older Adolescents

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines.MethodsThe relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the RR statistic that measures the change in the group’s proportion among all detected cases before-vs.-after the epidemic peak.ResultsFor the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26(95%CI (1.08,1.46)) (aged 11-13y); 1.19(1.01,1.4) (aged 9-10y); 1.17(0.86,1.59) (aged 14-15y); 1.12(0.86,1.46) (aged 16-19y); and 1.1(0.89,1.36) (aged 7-8y). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those aged 14-15y (RR=1.83(1.61,2.07)), followed by adolescents aged 16-19y (RR=1.41(1.24,1.61)) and 11-13y (RR=1.26(1.12,1.41)), with lower RR estimates in other age groups.ConclusionsAs the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.

Unapproved Uses of Approved Drugs: The Physician, the Package Insert, and the Food and Drug Administration: Subject Review

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Approved Drugs

Physicians who prescribe a new drug that has not been approved for a specific indication or a specific age group frequently find themselves in a quandary. Physicians who prescribe "old," time-honored drugs usually do not consult the package insert or search for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. This statement was written to clarify the legal and informational status of the package insert and the role of the FDA in approving or not approving drugs for specific indications or specific age groups. The unapproved use of approved drugs, or so-called "off-label" use, is extremely prevalent among physicians who care for children. It is important that such use of compounds be brought up to date with current FDA policies and to emphasize the responsibility of the prescribing physician in the use of these compounds.

Evaluation of the possible association of Body Mass Index and four metabolic gene polymorphisms with longevity in an Italian cohort: a role forAPOE, eNOS, andFTOgene polymorphisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Santovito ◽  
Gabriella Galli ◽  
Stefano Ruberto
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Italian Cohort

ABSTRACTBackgroundlongevity is considered the result of interactions between environmental and genetic factors.Aimwe investigated the possible association of body mass index and the frequencies ofAPOE, ACE, eNOS, andFTOgene polymorphisms with longevity.Subjects and Method1,100 healthy volunteers aged 10-100 were recruited. We genotyped subjects forAPOE, ACE, eNOS, andFTOgene polymorphisms. Data about height and weight were also collected. The sample was split in four age groups: 1-24, 25-49, 50-85 and 86-100.Resultssignificant differences were found in BMI values between age groups, with exception of 1-24 with respect to 86-100. A significant decrease of theAPO E4, eNOS 393andFTO Aand allele frequencies was observed in the 86-100 age group with respect to younger groups. ForACEgene, no significant differences were found in the allele frequencies between groups. A similar trend was also observed subdividing the sample in two main age groups: 1-85 and 86-100.Conclusionthis study provides evidences for a role ofAPOE, eNOS, andFTOgene polymorphisms in longevity. It has been estimated that the number of centenarians worldwide will double each decade until 2100, making population data about gene polymorphisms relevant for further studies about longevity.

Seeing Eye-to-Eye: Do Intergroup Biases Operate Similarly for Younger and Older Adults?

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Chasteen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Intergroup Biases ◽  
Group Memberships ◽  
Outgroup Homogeneity

Because of their relatively temporary group memberships, age groups represent an intriguing test of theories of intergroup relations. In spite of this unique feature, virtually no research has examined age group relations from an intergroup perspective. The present study investigated the role of two influential intergroup factors, degree of group identification and threats to group status, in younger and older adults' evaluations of their in group (own age group) and the outgroup (other age group). Participants were placed in situations in which their ingroup was either superior or inferior to the outgroup. Several measures of bias were then assessed, including ingroup favoritism, perceived similarity, social distance, outgroup homogeneity, and self-stereotyping. The results support the notion that age groups are unique from other groups, as age influenced all forms of bias. In particular, young adults exhibited more biases than older adults by perceiving less similarity and distancing themselves more from the outgroup. These findings suggest that older adults' greater familiarity with the outgroup might attenuate their age-based biases compared with younger participants.

Role of cyclins D1 and D3 in vestibular schwannoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (S1) ◽  
pp. S2-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jabbour ◽  
P Earls ◽  
N Biggs ◽  
G Gracie ◽  
P Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vestibular Schwannomas ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Cyclin D ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Two Age Groups

AbstractBackground:Vestibular schwannomas in younger patients have been observed to be larger in size and grow more quickly.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the expression of three important cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1, cyclin D3and Ki-67, in vestibular schwannoma patients separated into two age groups: ≤40 years or >40 years.Method:Immunohistochemical detection of cyclin D1, cyclin D3and Ki-67 was undertaken in 180 surgically resected vestibular schwannomas.Results:The proliferation index of vestibular schwannomas was statistically higher in the ≤40 years age group compared to that in the >40 years age group (mean of 4.52vs3.27, respectively;p = 0.01). Overexpression of cyclin D1and cyclin D3was found in 68 per cent and 44 per cent of tumours, respectively.Conclusion:There was an increased Ki-67 proliferation index in the younger age group that appears to correlate with clinical behaviour. Vestibular schwannomas in both age groups show increased expression of cyclin D1and cyclin D3.

scholarly journals On the Role of Different Age Groups and Pertussis Vaccines During the 2012 Outbreak in Wisconsin

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Goldstein ◽  
Colin J Worby ◽  
Marc Lipsitch
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Status Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background There is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and on the impact of vaccination on pertussis transmission in the community. Methods The relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2012 pertussis outbreak in Wisconsin were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group’s proportion among all detected cases before vs after the epidemic peak. The impact of vaccination in different age groups against infection (that is potentially different from the protective effect against detectable disease) was evaluated using the odds ratios (ORs), within each age group, for being vaccinated vs undervaccinated before vs after the outbreak’s peak. Results The RR statistic suggests that children aged 13–14 years played the largest relative role during the outbreak’s ascent (with estimates consistent across the 3 regions in Wisconsin that were studied), followed by children aged 7–8, 9–10, and 11–12 years. Young children and older teenagers and adults played more limited relative roles during the outbreak. Results of the vaccination status analysis for the fifth dose of DTaP (for children aged 7–8 years: OR, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.86; for children aged 9–10 years: OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27–0.95); and for Tdap for children aged 13–14 years (OR, 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16–0.89) are consistent with protective effect against infection. Conclusions While our epidemiological findings for the fifth dose of DTaP and for Tdap are consistent with protective effect against infection, further studies, including those estimating vaccine effectiveness against infection/transmission to others particularly for pertussis vaccines for adolescents, are needed to evaluate the impact of vaccination on the spread of pertussis in the community.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Out-of-Hospital Sudden Cardiac Death in Moscow in 2005–2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Makarov ◽  
Vera Komoliatova ◽  
Natalia Fedina ◽  
Yuri Solokhin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
The People ◽  
Moscow Population ◽  
Group 1

Background. The sudden out-of-hospital cardiac death (SOHCD) in Russia is poorly investigated. The aim of study was to determine structure of SOHCD in Moscow. Methods. SOHCD were analyzed according to data for 2005–2009 from the 2nd Thanatology Department of Forensic Medicine of Moscow that serves 2502836 citizens in Moscow. Results. Prevalence of SOHCD was 49.1% of autopsies for all age groups and in 8.9% in the group aged 1–45 (22.3 cases per 100000 population/year). The frequency of SOHCD progressively increased with age. Most SOHCD victims (82%) were males. The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy was prevalent (80–96%) in the age 1–45 group; in 11–15 more 30% had normal heart; after 35 years of age, the role of ischaemic heart disease increased. In 67% of the people aged 19–25 SOHCD was associated with traces of alcohol (0.3–3.0 promile). Conclusion. The proportion of SOHCD in the Moscow population over all age groups has reached 123.2 per 100000 citizens annually. In the age group 1–45, the prevalence of SOHCD was 22.3 cases per 100000 citizens per year. The risk of SOHCD was greater in males. Possibly the role of alcohol in SOHCD in people older than 20 increased.

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