scholarly journals Sociodemographic profile of women with abnormal vaginal flora: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Reena Sharma ◽  
Poojan Dogra ◽  
Shuchi Sharma ◽  
. Shashikant ◽  
Sonakshi Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Flora

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and association of abnormal vaginal flora with socio demographic profile of patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was undertaken in outpatient’s department of obstetrics and gynaecology, government medical college, Patiala. We studied 300 cases with symptoms and signs of vaginal infections in the reproductive age group (15-49 years). After taking detailed history, examination and collecting samples of vaginal discharge, patients were subjected to colposcopy followed by microbiological analysis of vaginal discharge. Recorded data was analysed for prevalence and sociodemographic profile of affected women.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence rate of vaginal infections was 31% among patients who had reported to us with symptoms and signs of vaginal infections. The most common micro-organism detected was <em>B. vaginosis</em> (BV) in 14%, <em>C. albicans </em>(C) in 12% and <em>T. vaginalis</em> (T) in 3.33%. It was analysed that association is more with 25-34 years age, low education level, lower socioeconomic status, unemployed and with married and multiparous group. White and watery discharge characteristic were found to be more common. Lower abdominal pain, dysuria and backache were the most prevalent co-morbidities associated with vaginal infections.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We concluded that vaginal discharge is a common gynaecological complaint and vaginal infections are an important cause of vaginal discharge thus leading to significant proportion of female morbidity in sexually active age group. Education and women’s empowerment can prove powerful methods to solve this feminine issue.</p>

scholarly journals Colposcopic and microbiological correlation in patients with vaginal infections: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Reena Sharma ◽  
Manjit Kaur Mohi ◽  
Khush Preet Kaur ◽  
Geeta Walia
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Flora ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate the association of abnormal vaginal flora with pathological colposcopic and microbiological findings.Methods: The present study was conducted in outpatient’s department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Patiala. We studied 300 cases with symptoms and signs of vaginal infections in reproductive age group (15-49 years). After taking detailed history and examination, samples of vaginal discharge were collected for microbiological analysis and patients were subjected to colposcopy. Recorded data was analysed to find out any association of abnormal vaginal flora with pathological colposcopic and microbiological analysis.Results: The prevalence rate of vaginal infections was 31% among patients who reported to us with symptoms and signs of vaginal infections. The most common micro-organism detected was B. vaginosis (BV) in 14%, C. albicans (C) in 12% and T. vaginalis (T) in 3.33%. The normal colposcopic findings were observed in 81.33% and abnormal colposcopic findings were noted in 18.67% of the patients which were vaginal hyperaemia in 9%, chronic cervicitis in 5.33%, small iodine negative area in 2.33%, keratosis in 1.33% and cervical polyp in 0.67% of the patients.Conclusions: We concluded that vaginal discharge is a common gynaecological complaint and vaginal infections are an important cause of the vaginal discharge thus leading to significant proportion of female morbidity in reproductive age group. So, vaginitis and vaginal discharge highlights the importance of microbiological investigations to find out the causative organisms and the specific findings due to particular micro-organism can be correlated colposcopically and specific treatment can be provided.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VAGINOSIS AMONG WOMEN OF THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP, WHO ATTENDED AT DMC, LAHERIASARAI, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Neha Jha ◽  
R. S. Prasad ◽  
P. N. Jha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint in women and it can be due to vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Aim: A descriptive cross sectional study was done at Microbiology Department, DMC, Laheriasarai, Bihar to find out the common pathogens which caused vaginosis in patients of the reproductive age group, who attended the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department at the Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar and referred to Microbiology Department of DMC, from 1st April to 30th September, 2020. Materials and Methods: All the 140 vaginal discharge samples were subjected to gram staining to view the morphological nature of the bacteria which caused bacterial vaginosis and gram positive, budding yeast cells, wet film for the motility of Trichomonas and Chlamydial antigen detection by ELISA. Results: The overall positivity was 44%, which included bacterial vaginosis (36.4%). The positivity of candidiasis was 4.2%, that of trichomoniasis was 2.1% and that of chlamydiasis was 1.4%. Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis was found to be the commonest cause of the abnormal vaginal discharge in women of the reproductive age group.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis, the leading cause of genital discharge among women presenting with vaginal infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Mtebe V Majigo ◽  
Paschal Kashindye ◽  
Zachariah Mtulo ◽  
Agricola Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital

Background: Pathological vaginal discharge is a common complaint of women in reproductive age worldwide caused by various agents. The prevalence and etiologic agents vary depending on the population studied. Management of vaginal discharge in low-income countries, typically depend on the syndromic approach, which limits understanding the specific causative agents. We determined the proportion of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between June and August of 2017 among nonpregnant women at Amana Regional Referral Hospital. Experienced staff performed physical examination to establish a clinical diagnosis, and collection of the high vaginal swab for microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the characteristics of study participants and the proportion of vaginal infections. Results: A total of 196 samples were collected, of all, 128 (65.3%) had either bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomo- niasis. Bacterial vaginosis was the leading infection at 33.2%, followed by candidiasis (19.4%) and trichomoniasis (13.3%). Laboratory confirmed vaginal infection were generally found more in age below 25, unmarried, and those employed or petty business. Conclusion: The proportion of bacterial vaginosis in women with vaginal discharge was relatively higher than others, and the presence of vaginal infection relate to socio-demographic characteristics. Further advanced studies are needed to understand the potential role of aetiologic agents in causing vaginal infections. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; vaginal discharge; genital infection.

Bacterial Vaginosis and its Relation with Sociodemographic Determinants in married reproductive age females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252
Author(s):  
R. Mukhtar ◽  
A. U.- Rehman ◽  
A. Ilyas ◽  
M. J. Khan ◽  
R. Liaqat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Reproductive Age Group ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Aim: To determine the frequency of Bacterial vaginosis by pap smear cytology and find its association with its sociodemographic determinants. Study design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty pap smears of married women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge who attended Gynecology OPD were included. Proper history regarding age, socioeconomic status, age of marriage, literacy level, smoking, and nutritional status was taken. Results: Disease prevalence was found to be 19.2%(50)in this sample of 260 while 9.1% had Candidiasis, 47%, 17.2% ,3.7%, 4.1% had Mild nonspecific inflammation, Moderate nonspecific inflammation, Moderate to severe nonspecific inflammation, and negative smears respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with age, monthly income, illiteracy, early age at marriage, history of abortion and nutritional status with significant p-value ≤ 0.05. However no association was found between the disease and marital status, smoking and pallor. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, literacy, age >35, nutritional status is strongly related to occurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge. Key Words: Bacterial vaginosis, Pap smear, Sociodemographic determinants

scholarly journals Composition of Vaginal microbiota and their antibiotic susceptibility in symptomatic women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Ushadevi Gopalan ◽  
Sathiyakala Rajendiran ◽  
Karthika Jayakumar ◽  
Ranganathan Karnaboopathy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent lower genital tract infection in women of reproductive age. The aim of this study was to identify the causative organism in patients with vaginal discharge and to study the sensitivity of the organism to antibiotics.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. 2062 women with complaints of vaginal discharge were subjected to a high vaginal swab and the sample was cultured, the organisms were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was tested.Results: There was no growth found in 40.7% of patients. E. coli was found to be the most common organism isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Klebsiella oxytoca. Candida species was isolated in 1.4 % of women. An increased frequency of vaginal infection was found in the age group 26-35 years, followed by age group 36-45 years. 73.2% of the organisms were sensitive to Imipenam, 70.4 % to Amikacin and 65.7% to Gentamycin. There were 10 MRSA strains isolated all of which were sensitive to Vancomycin, Amikacin and Gentamycin.Conclusions: Our study provides information about the different microorganisms present in women with vaginal discharge. Since pathogenic bacteria were more common than Candida species it is recommended to offer treatment to patients after taking a high vaginal swab. Appropriate antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity has to be given along with antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Meena Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal discharge and itching in reproductive age group were included in this study. Patients characteristics i.e. age, parity, risk factors like diabetes, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPills) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) were noted. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted, and results were analyzed.Results: A total of 224 high vaginal swabs were collected. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 31.6%. It was found more in 26-30 years age group and multiparous women. Previous history of candidiasis and diabetes were the commonest risk factors. Frequency of C. albicans was more (76.05%) than non-albicans candida (23.94%).Conclusions: Present study concluded that vulvovaginal candidiasis is more prevalent in reproductive age group females, therefore a routine high vaginal swab culture must be performed in every woman presenting with vaginal discharge and itching for correct diagnosis. Women should be educated on clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4840
Author(s):  
Indira Guntoory ◽  
Narasinga R. Tamaraba ◽  
Lakshmana R. Nambaru ◽  
Alina S. Kalavakuri
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection

Background: Vaginal discharge is the commonest reproductive tract infection among rural women in many community based studies in India. Recent evidence shows that the association between vaginal discharge and reproductive tract infection is weak. Psychosocial factors also contribute to vaginal discharge. So, the problem of vaginal discharge can be best understood not only in the biomedical perspective but also in the socio-cultural perspective. Proper understanding of this problem helps in initiating appropriate medical education programmes and framing health policies. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, the socio demographic factors associated with it, women’s perceptions of vaginal discharge and their treatment seeking behaviour.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MIMS, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. Women with the complaint of vaginal discharge were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire and sociodemographic details, details of obstetric history and contraceptive practices, personal and menstrual hygiene were noted. Statistical analysis of the significance of association of different variables was done.Results: The prevalence of vaginal discharge was found to be 28.99%. Its prevalence was found to be more in the younger age group, illiterate, women belonging to lower socioeconomic status and those who were married at less than 18 years of age. History of induced abortion, home deliveries, permanent method of sterilization, availability of toilet facility at home were significantly associated with vaginal discharge. Lower abdominal pain, dysuria and backache were the most prevalent co-morbidities with vaginal discharge.Conclusions: Improvement of the literacy rate, economic status and women’s empowerment will help to mitigate the problem of vaginal discharge.

scholarly journals Assess the prevalence of leucorrhoea among women in reproductive age group

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2742-2744
Author(s):  
KalaBarathi S ◽  
Jayabharathi K
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Atrophic Vaginitis ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Leucorrhoea is one of the major problems encountered in Gynaecological practice. The most common cause of leucorrhoea is physiological, followed by vaginal infections due to bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites. Other causes include foreign bodies, cervicitis and atrophic vaginitis. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of leucorrhoea among women in reproductive age group and to determine the association between the demographic variable and prevalence of leucorrhoea. A Non-experimental descriptive design was used to assess the prevalence of leucorrhoea among women in reproductive age group. Purposive sampling method was used. A total of 60 reproductive age group women participated in the study. Checklist method was used to assess the prevalence of leucorrhoea. The data was collected, organized and analyzed in term of descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that out of 60 samples, 28(46.66%) were mild, 32(53.33%) were moderate, and none of them was severe. There is a statistically significant association with variables such as age, a number of child, income and education at P<0.05 level. Thus this study reveals that leucorrhoea is most likely among women in reproductive age so as nurses should assess the early manifestations to prevent the gynaecological diseases.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Faiqa Saleem ◽  
Munazza Malik ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Vaginal Gel ◽  
Vaginal Cream ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In women of reproductive age bacterial vaginosis is a most common polymicrobialdisease and is the leading reason for vaginal discharge in this age group. Additionally itis further linked with sizeable disease burden of community problem in terms of infectiouscomplications. Clindamycin vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel are effective in themanagement of vaginal infections caused by multi bacteria. Objectives: To compare thetherapeutic efficacy of Metronidazole vaginal gel and clindamycin vaginal cream as modality oftreatment for bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit-3 Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Period: Six months from 02-05-2011 to 01-11-2011. Material & Methods: A total of 300 patients were included in this study.They were divided into two groups. Group A received metronidazole vaginal gel (5 g dailyfor 7 days) while group B administered with clindamycin vaginal cream (5g daily for 7 days).Results: Mean age of the patient was observed 34.3+3.5 and 32.9+ 2.1 years in group –A andB respectively. Vaginal discharge was absent in 104 patients (69.3%) from group A and 127(84.7%) from group-B. Absence of clue cells on microscopy revealed in 112 patients (74.7%)from group A and 137 patients (91.3%) from group B. Absence of amine odour found in 116patients (77.3%) of group A and 134 patients (89.3%) of group B. Significant difference wasfound between two groups with p value of 0.006 in respect of efficacy. Conclusion: Clindamycinvaginal cream is more effective in comparison to Metronidazole vaginal gel for the treatment ofbacterial vaginosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among reproductive age group women in a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4515
Author(s):  
Rema V. Nair ◽  
Raja Preethi ◽  
M. Vijayalekshmi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Vaginal discharge in reproductive age poses a serious problem in the developing countries. Bacterial vaginosis also known as non-specific vaginitis is the most common cause of vaginal infections, detecting the organism at an early stage and initiating a proper treatment is very difficult in our country due to lack of awareness and proper follow-up. The disease manifests in the form of vaginal discharge with or without itching. It has a strong association with preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes and low birth weight in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the reproductive age group women, in a tertiary care centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women of the reproductive age group in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of one month October 2018 the diagnosis was made with history and nugents scoring system.Results: Out of the total 150 women enrolled in the study 74 had positive results, 50% of them were of the age group 26-30.Conclusions: The study shows us the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.

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