scholarly journals A study to assess the correlation between HbA1c and microalbuminuria among diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sruthi Kare ◽  
Vishwanath N. Reddy ◽  
Thejdeep Mahamkali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: India is one of the epicentres of the global diabetes mellitus pandemic. Rapid socioeconomic development and demographic changes, along with increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India over the past four decades. Diabetic Nephropathy is a common consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus. The development of diabetic nephropathy has a dramatic increase on the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus patients.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on T 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting medicine OPD of R L Jalappa hospital constituent hospital of Sri Deveraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar from May 2016 to July 2016. A total of 60 type-2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study.Results: Average duration of diabetes among study group was 8 years and most of the patients were between 6-10 years. In type 2DM patients, microalbuminuria and glycemic control have shown a significant linear correlation with duration of diabetes (p<0.05). Also, micro albuminuria has a significant correlation with increase in level of glycosylated haemoglobin.  Conclusions: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients was found to be high and being a developing country; there is a dire need that microalbuminuria and HbA1c testing should be done in both, newly diagnosed as well as already diagnosed type 2DM patients as an early marker of renal risk factor.

scholarly journals Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya K. Behera ◽  
Vishnu K.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: The present study was conducted with an objective to study the prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its relation to duration, severity of DM, patient's age and BMI.Methods: This hospital based prospective study was conducted from August 2015 to September 2017, at M.K.C.G. Medical College Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Cross sectional study was design. A total number of 100 diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus who were admitted in hospital or attended on OPD basis were taken for the study. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations were carried out. The diagnosis of CAN was made by autonomic function tests. The CAN score of each patient was analysed. Database were generated based on age, duration of diabetes, severity of DM and BMI.Results: Out of 100 diabetic patients, 40 patients (23 males and 17 females) were selected for final analysis after excluding conditions causing cardiac autonomic neuropathy other than diabetes mellitus. All the patients were in the age group 21 to 70years. In the present study it was found that 57.5% of patients with DM had CAN and its incidence increased with severity of hyperglycemia, duration of DM, BMI and age of the patient.Conclusions: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common and early complication of DM. Proper history taking to identify the symptoms related to CAN and performing simple autonomic tests in all patients of DM can identify cardiac autonomic neuropathy.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Girish I. ◽  
Vijeth S. B. ◽  
Nandini H. V.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Microalbuminuria is an earliest marker of overt diabetic nephropathy, hence monitoring microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellites helps to predict and prevent overt diabetic nephropathy. This cross-sectional study was done to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in 200 patients with diabetes mellitus attending medicine OPD of Basaweshwara medical college hospital (BMCH), Chitradurga.Methods: 200 patients with Diabetes mellitus visiting the medicine OPD of BMCH, Chitradurga were considered for the study. Patients history and physical examination findings like duration of diabetes, hypertension, smoking and BMI were considered. Relevant blood investigations like fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol and creatinine were done. Microalbuminuria was assessed using dipstick kits in an early morning urine samples.Results: The prevalence of normoalbuminuria was 71% and microalbuminuria was 29%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria increased with the increase in duration of diabetes.Conclusions: Prevalence of microalbuminuria among the patients with diabetes depends upon risk factors like blood pressure control, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. Early identification of high risk patients and the subsequent initiation of renal and cardiovascular protective agents helps to reduce the burden of diabetic kidney disease. 

scholarly journals Erectile dysfunction in patients of diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2941
Author(s):  
Anilkumar Bellad ◽  
Kartik Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: One of the independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction is diabetes mellitus. The present study planned to determine the prevalence and factors associated with ED in DM.Methods: A one year cross-sectional study on a total of 208 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. National Institutes of Health (NIH) approved questionnaire for International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to interview each patient to assess for ED.Results: In this study 12.98% of patients had ED score between 13 to 18 suggestive of mild to moderate ED and 9.62% with 19 to 24 scores suggestive of mild degree. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 32.21%. The mean age in patients with erectile dysfunction was significantly high (58.40±10.96 years) compared to those without erectile dysfunction (51.00±11.16 years) (p<0.001) Of the 119 patients with duration of diabetes between one to five years 42.02% had ED and of the 3 patients with duration of more than five years 66.67% had ED (p<0.001). Prevalence of ED was higher in patients with HbA1c levels between 7.0 to 8.5 (32.76%) and >8.5 (37.07%). Prevalence of erectile dysfunction was higher in patients with history of smoking (63.64%) (p<0.001) and alcohol intake (51.85%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was also significantly high in patients with history of hypertension (59.7%) (p<0.001).Conclusions: The ED in patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly prevalent with age, duration of diabetes, history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, glycemic control and hypertriglyceridemia.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Olokoba L B ◽  
Mahmud O A ◽  
Adepoju F G ◽  
Olokoba A B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Male To Female

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The associated loss of productivity and quality of life of the patients with diabetic retinopathy will lead to additional socioeconomic burden. This study aims to determine the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross sectional study, was carried out at the Diabetic and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365<strong> </strong>patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information and awareness of diabetic retinopathy. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age between 19 and 90 years, and a mean of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Ninety-nine respondents (27.1%) had no education. The majority (30.4%) had only primary education; 21.1% had tertiary; 14.5% had secondary while 6.8% had Quranic education. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 14.1 ±13.09 years. Of the 365 patients with diabetes mellitus, 279(76.4%) had heard that diabetes mellitus affects the eyes, while 86(23.6%) had not. Of those who had heard, 221(79.2%) heard it from health personnel, 45(16.1%) from radio/television, 25(9.0%) from internet, 23(8.2%) from books/newspapers, while 16(5.7%) heard from other sources.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst the patients. However, the high level of awareness of the blinding complication of diabetes mellitus did not translate to a correspondingly high level of ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy.  <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary Centre in Western Region, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Chandra Bahadur Pun ◽  
Sarita Tuladhar ◽  
Tirtha Lal Upadhyaya ◽  
Jamuna Gurung ◽  
Durga Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Diabetes Retinopathy

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease. It has multiple complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetes ketoacidosis, and stroke. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the blinding complications of diabetes. This study was done to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients attending in the outpatient department (OPD) of internal medicine, Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital (GMCTHRC), Pokhara, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was performed among the 200 diabetes mellitus patients attending in the medicine OPD from 15th December 2017 to 15thDecember 2018. They were referred to eye OPD of GMC. The detailed eye examination including fundus evaluation under mydriasis was done to all the patients. The diagnosis of DR was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification (ETDRS). Patients having hypertension and other retinal diseases were excluded from the study. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPPS) version 11.20. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.02 ±11.8 years. In our study 60.5% of the patients were male and 39.5% were female. Diabetes retinopathy was seen in 29.5% patients, of which non proliferative diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 19.5%, proliferative diabetes retinopathy (PDR) in 9.5% and 0.5% had diabetes maculopathy. Conclusion: The prevalence of DR is quite significant in the people with diabetes. Early diagnosis and management of retinopathy will help to avoid blindness due to the diabetic retinopathy.  

scholarly journals Nonadherence and Contributing Factors among Ambulatory Patients with Antidiabetic Medications in Adama Referral Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belayneh Kefale Gelaw ◽  
Abdela Mohammed ◽  
Gobezie Temesgen Tegegne ◽  
Amsalu Degu Defersha ◽  
Muluneh Fromsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of nonadherence and its contributing factors among diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in Adama Hospital.Methods.This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes mellitus clinic of Adama Referral Hospital. Every other patient was selected and data regarding their medication adherence was collected using a structured interview. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-16.Result.The response rate from this study was 98.3%. A total of 270 patients were interviewed; 51.5% were males. A total of 68.1% of the patients included in the study were married. 14% were younger than 40 years, and 50% were between 40 and 60 years. 21.8% of the participants ascribed their nonadherence to forgetting to take their medications. Patients with duration of diabetes≤5 years (82.07%) were more compliant to their medication than those with>5 years (60.8%), which was found to be statistically significant(P=0.003). Insulin, 47%, and glibenclamide plus metformin, 43.7%, were the most commonly prescribed mono- and combination therapies, respectively. Common comorbid conditions include hypertension, 148 (54.82%), and visual impairment, 89 (32.96%). The proportion of male patients adherent to their antidiabetic medications was found to be lower than 69.78% compared to the female patients (74.81%), but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion.Most diabetic patients are currently being managed with the most effective available drugs. However the result from this study indicates that the desired blood sugar level could not be controlled and maintained adequately. This was because of poor adherence to the prescribed drug regimen and poor knowledge and practice of successful self-management.

Frequency of Renal Diseases in Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Arshad ◽  
Mamoona Ashfaq ◽  
Zainab Sharmeen ◽  
Zargham Mazhar ◽  
Kashifa Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional

Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidneyfunction occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes ofchronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Protein loss in the urine due todamage to the glomeruli may become massive, and cause a low serum albumin with resulting generalizedbody swelling (edema) and result in the nephrotic syndrome. Objective: The aim of this study was todetermine the frequency of renal disease in diabetic patients and its complications in Pakistan.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Renal and Diabetic Departments of the Sir GangaRam Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from The Universityof Lahore. A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenientsampling technique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60%were male and 40% were female. About 41% diabetic patients were 1-6 month of age, 42% were 1-5 yearsold and 1% of 18-23 years old who had renal diseases while 9% patients were without any renal disease.whereas the prevalence of diabetes is more in infants than others which is 35%. But there was notsignificant association between onset of renal diseases with the onset of diabetes mellitus with p-value0.24.Conclusions: Results of current study showed that diabetes mellitus effecting individuals of all agesequally but there was not significant association between diabetes and renal diseases.

scholarly journals PEFR and FEF25-75 in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relationships with its duration

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Omar Ali ◽  
Shelina Begum ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali ◽  
Sultana Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with increasing incidence worldwideand long term complications of various organs including lungs. The magnitude of the complicationsof this disease is related to its duration. Objective: To observe PEFR and FEF25-75 in type 2 diabeticmale and their relationship with duration of the disease. Methods: This cross sectional study wascarried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008 on60 type 2 diabetic, non smoker, male of 40-60 years old. For comparison, 30 age, BMI and socioeconomicstatus matched apparently healthy non diabetic subjects were also studied. Based on the duration ofdisease, diabetic patients were divided into B1 (5-10 years) and B2 (10-20 years). PEFR and FEF25-75 ofall the subjects were measured by an electronic spirometer. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA,Unpaired Student's 't' and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests. Results: The mean percentage ofpredicted values of PEFR and FEF25-75 in non diabetic male were within normal ranges. But, both theparameters were significantly (p<0.001) lower in both the groups of type 2 diabetic male compared tothose of non diabetic male. Again, the PEFR and FEF25-75 were lower in the patients of longer durationcompared to those of shorter duration but the differences were not significant. However, PEFR wasnegatively correlated and FEF25-75 was positively correlated with shorter duration of diabetes and therelationships were nonsignificant. On the other hand, both the parameters were negatively correlatedwith longer duration of diabetes while only PEFR showed significant (p<0.01) relationship. Conclusion:The PEFR and FEF25-75 may be lower in type 2 diabetic male, which are inversely related to theduration of the disease.Key words: PEFR; FEF25-75; Diabetes Mellitus.DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i1.5413J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 June; 5(1): 14-19

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Disorders in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Majjad ◽  
Y. Errahali ◽  
H. Toufik ◽  
J. H Djossou ◽  
M. A. Ghassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Introduction. A variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MS) have been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of MS disorders in Moroccan diabetic patients. Methods. A cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients with DM. We recorded demographic features of patients and characteristics of DM. MS disorders and vascular complications were assessed by clinical examinations and investigations. Associated factors of MS disorders were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Result. 376 subjects were included; 84.6% had type 2 DM. The participants’ median age was 54 years [45–62]; 41% had one or more vascular complications. 34.4% had one or more MS disorders. Osteoarthritis was present in 19.4% of patients. Hand disorders were seen in 14.4%. Shoulder capsulitis was present in 12.5%. Long duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia were associated with increased prevalence of hand abnormalities (P=0.017; P=0.019, respectively). Age and dyslipidemia were associated with shoulder capsulitis (P=0.019; P=0.047, respectively). Female gender, overweight, and nephropathy were associated with increased odds of osteoarthritis (P=0.009, P=0.004, and P=0.032, respectively). Conclusion. MS disorders are frequent in this population and associated with various factors. HbA1c level does not appear to be associated with development of MS disorders.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Sudanese Patients, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: The level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy is considered an important factor for early diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending Zeenam and Abdullah Khalil Diabetic Centers between June and September 2018. A convenience sample of diabetic patients was used. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, patients’ knowledge, compliance with available treatments, and routine eye examinations was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Patients were also asked about the barriers that may interfere with a regular eye examination. Results: A total of 200 patients were enrolled and 94 (47%) of them were female; 13% of the respondents were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, 31.5% were hypertensive, and 13.5% had hyperlipidemia. Additionally, 88.5% of the patients were aware that DM can affect their eyes and 87% had never been diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Although around 83% thought that diabetic retinopathy could lead to blindness, only 35.5% of them had undergone fundus examination by ophthalmologists. Moreover, 39% of the participants had irregular diabetes follow-up and 43% monthly follow-up. Only 31% went for regular eye check-up; however, their compliance with routine retinal assessment was poor, with a total of 72.5% of participants assuming that they have good vision and need not get their eyes checked up regularly. The chief factor that was related to increased awareness of diabetic retinopathy in the study was the level of education. Conclusion: Although a large proportion of diabetic patients in Khartoum are aware that diabetes mellitus can affect their eyes, regular retinal assessment of patients was poor, thus hindering early diagnosis and management.

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