A study on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles patients admitted to Sir Ronald Ross institute of tropical and communicable diseases, Hyderabad, India

Background: Measles is an acute infectious exanthematous disease of childhood caused by paramyxovirus. With increase in immunization coverage levels, the intensity of measles outbreak has decreased in the country. In some parts of India, measles is still a major cause of morbidity and childhood mortality. Objective of the study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with macular/maculo-papular rash.Methods: A cross sectional record based retrospective study was carried out at Sir Ronald Ross institute of tropical and communicable diseases, Hyderabad. All the cases admitted in year 2016 with history of fever and macular/maculo-papular rash were included in the study. The study was carried out for 2 months.Results: A total of 639 cases were admitted to infectious disease hospital during the year 2016 with history of fever and rash. The mean age of study population was 6.08±4.9 years. Around 43.7% of cases were in the age group of 1–5 years. The disease was slightly higher among boys (52.3%) as compared to girls (47.7%). Amongst the clinical features, fever and rash were seen in 100%, coryza in 80%, and conjunctivitis in 63.3% of study population.Conclusions: Majority of the children suffering from measles was not vaccinated and the most common reason for failure to immunize children was lack of awareness. There is a need to increase awareness about importance of measles immunization to reduce under five mortality.

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Unilateral condylar hyperplasia: evaluation of 6 cases

Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry ◽

10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2015.90855 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Uchoa Vasconcelos ◽

Felipe Martins Silveira ◽

Adriana Etges ◽

Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes ◽

João Luis Carlini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Histopathological Findings ◽

Affected Side ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Condylar Hyperplasia ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

This study aimed to report six cases of unilateral condylar hyperplasia (CH), regarding their demographic and clinical characteristics and imaging and histopathological findings. Sex, age, affected side, history of the case, complementary examinations and treatment were recorded. Five cases (83.3%) were females and the mean age of the study population was 19.3 years (range: 14-28 years). The right condyle was affected in 4 cases (66.6%). Five (83.3%) patients were subjected to condylotomy, and high condylectomy was done in 1 (16.6%) case. The patients were followed up postoperatively for a mean period of 27.5 months. All patients received surgical and orthodontic treatment. In the present study, CH occurred more frequently in the first decades of life and it was more prevalent in females. The right condyle was more affected than the left one and condylotomy combined with orthodontics was the main treatment performed.

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A study on profile of patients with parotid swellings attending infectious disease hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20181869 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 770

Author(s):

Phani Bhushan Ivaturi ◽

Asma .

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Age Group ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parotid Swelling ◽

Acute Infectious Disease ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean ◽

Disease Hospital

Background: Mumps is an acute infectious disease caused by RNA virus. Clinically, the disease is presented as non suppurative enlargement and tenderness of one or both the parotid glands. The annual incidence of mumps in the absence of immunization is in the range of 100-1000 cases/100000 population. Mumps mostly occurs in children in age group of 5-9 years. The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiological factors of cases admitted with parotid swelling; to describe the clinical features of patients admitted with parotid swelling; to assess the demographic factors in relation to complications.Methods: A cross sectional record based retrospective study was carried out at Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases, Hyderabad. All the cases admitted in year 2016 with unilateral or bilateral parotid swellings were included in the study. The study was carried out for 2 months. Results: The mean age of study population in present study was found to be 11.23 years. Around 35.9% of cases were found in the age group of 6-10 years. Males constituted 53.9% of study population and females were 46.1%. The mean duration between the onset of symptoms and admission in hospital was found to be 3.5 days. The most common clinical presentation was fever, parotid swelling and earache.Conclusions: Control of Mumps is difficult as the disease is highly infectious. Long and variable incubation period along with subclinical cases makes the control difficult. However, routine MMR vaccination as part of national immunization schedule can help in be preventing the epidemics.

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A cross sectional study on health status and prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among auto rickshaw drivers of Hyderabad, Telangana

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190626 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1279

Author(s):

Asma . ◽

Vimala Thomas ◽

C. Jyothsna ◽

Sri Manju ◽

C. Sowmya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Easy Access ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean

Background: Auto rickshaws form 10-20% of daily motorized urban transport and ensure connectivity and easy access throughout congested Indian cities. Harmful lifestyles practiced by auto rickshaw drivers like irregularity of meals, bad posture while driving, sedentary lifestyle predisposes them to many gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular diseases. This study was taken to assess the risk factors of non-communicable diseases among of auto rickshaw drivers. Objectives of the study were to estimate the proportion of various non-communicable diseases among study population and to assess various risk factors for non- communicable diseases among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 100 auto rickshaw drivers, aged above 20 years commuting at bus terminus and railway station in Hyderabad, Telangana using a predesigned questionnaire from May to July 2018.Results: The mean age of the study population was found to be 41.58±10.9 years. Around 14% of study subjects had history of diabetes mellitus and 15% hypertension. About 69% were overweight or obese, 41% had refractive errors and majority had musculoskeletal problems. The mean duration of physical activity was found to be 35±7 minutes/day.Conclusions: The prevalence of cardio vascular disease risk factors i.e. tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyle, obesity was found to be quite high among auto rickshaw drivers. Early precautionary measures, regular medical check-up and prompt interventions are necessary for managing risk factors.

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The Natural History of Incidental Colonic Diverticulosis on Screening Colonoscopy

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2018/3690202 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ala I. Sharara ◽

Nathalie Ziade ◽

Rani H. Shayto ◽

Luma Basma O. Rustom ◽

Hamed Chehab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Acute Diverticulitis ◽

Screening Colonoscopy ◽

Colonic Diverticulosis ◽

Diverticular Bleeding ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Acute Case ◽

Probable Case ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population

Background. The natural history of colonic diverticulosis is unclear.Methods. Patients with incidental diverticulosis identified in a previous prospective cross-sectional screening colonoscopy study were evaluated retrospectively for clinic or hospital visit(s) for diverticular disease (DD= acute diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding) using review of electronic health records and patient phone interview.Results. 826 patients were included in the screening colonoscopy study. Three were excluded for prior DD. In all, 224 patients (27.2%; mean age 62.3 ± 8.2) had incidental diverticulosis distributed in the left colon (67.4%), right colon (5.8%), or both (22.8%). Up-to-date information was available on 194 patients. Of those, 144 (74.2%) could be reached for detailed interview and constituted the study population. Over a mean follow-up of 7.0 ± 1.7 years, DD developed in 6 out of 144 patients (4.2%) (4 acute cases of diverticulitis, 1 probable case of diverticular bleeding, and 1 acute case of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding). Two patients were hospitalized, and none required surgery. The time to event was 5.1 ± 1.6 years and the incidence rate was 5.9 per 1000 patient-years. On multivariate analysis, none of the variables collected at baseline colonoscopy including age, gender, obesity, exercise, fiber intake, alcohol use, constipation, or use of NSAIDs were associated with DD.Conclusion. The natural history of incidental diverticulosis on screening colonoscopy was highly favorable in this well-defined prospectively identified cohort. The common scenario of incidental diverticulosis at screening colonoscopy makes this information clinically relevant and valuable to physicians and patients alike.

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Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v11i1.53000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 4-6

Author(s):

Muhammad Alam Sikder ◽

Tasneem Faruqui ◽

KM Abdullah Al Harun ◽

Sajjad Mahmud ◽

Radia Faruqui

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Condition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Once Daily ◽

Decayed Tooth ◽

Dmft Index ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean ◽

Status Data ◽

Oral Condition

This cross sectional study on oral condition among school going children in Sylhet city was conducted at Osmani Medical High School, Dorgah Gate, Sylhet, Bangladesh. This study was carried out on 8th October, 2019 among 208 students, mostly 12 years aged studying in Class VI. The main objective of the study was to assess the oral health condition of school going children through decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) status. Data was collected by personal interview and clinical examination of the respondents. Among 208 children, 96 (46.2%) were boys and 112 (53.8%) were girls. Among all, 63 (30.3%) respondents brush their teeth once daily while 137 (65.9 %) respondents brush twice a day, and 8 (3.8 %) of them brush their teeth more than twice daily. Fluoride containing toothpaste is used by 73 (35.1 %) students, 112 (53.8 %) students did not know whether their toothpaste contain fluoride or not, and 23 (11.1 %) students do not use fluoride. Among all respondents, 125(60.09 %) did not have any decayed tooth, while 83(39.90 %) had tooth decay, and 20(9.6 %) had their teeth filled. Normal gingival condition was found in 185 (88.94 %) subjects, but 23(11.06 %) of them had red or swollen gingiva. The mean DMFT of the study population was 1.19 which is considered as “low” according to “WHO quantification for the DMFT index”. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 4-6

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Clinical characteristics and outcome of vasculitides

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v3i2.20267 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Buddhi Prasad Paudyal ◽

Anjana Education Rajbhandari

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Small Vessel ◽

Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Schonlein Purpura ◽

Overall Mortality

Introductions: Vasculitides can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not treated on time. There is lack of data locally. This study aims to define the pattern, clinical characteristics, and outcome of vasculitides.Methods: This was a cross sectional study between January 2011 and December 2015 at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal. The medical records of patients diagnosed with vasculitides in adults rheumatology service of the hospital were reviewed.Results: Ninety six patients were diagnosed with vasculitides during the study period. The mean age was 42.2 years. Sixty nine (71.8%) patient had small vessel, 20 (20.8%) large vessel and five (5.2%) had variable vessel vasculitides. Seventy five patients (78.1%) had primary and 21 (21.8%) secondary vasculitides. Cutaneous leucocytoclasticangitis was seen in 27 (28.1%), Takayasu arteritis in 17 (17.7), Henoch-Schonlein purpura in 11 (11.4%) and Rheumatoid arthritis associated vasculitis in nine patients. Purpura was present in all 96 (100%). The overall mortality was 9 (9.3%).Conclusions: Primary vasculitides were more common than secondary forms. Small vessel vasculitis was the most common. Cutaneous symptoms were predominant features. The mortality was attributed to active disease, sepsis, and complications of the primary disease. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2016 Dec;3(2):3-9

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TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i11.748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽

Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽

Dr. Anita J Gojiya

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Young Smokers ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers and comparable non smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and 3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

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Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i1130139 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽

Siham Ahmed Balla ◽

Amna Abdalla Babiker ◽

Safaa Abdelhameed Medani ◽

Rania Abdalla Osman Khalfa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 . Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park). Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics. Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17. Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001. Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women. Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive. Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.

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Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 3609

Author(s):

P. Kalpana ◽

A. Kavitha

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽

Menstrual History ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed.

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Factors influencing Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-963330/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Giovanna De Roza ◽

David Wei Liang Ng ◽

Blessy Koottappal Mathew ◽

Teena Jose ◽

Ling Jia Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frail Older Adults ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract BackgroundFalls in older adults is a common problem worldwide. Fear of falling (FoF) is a consequence of falls which has far-reaching implications including activity restriction, functional decline and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with FoF in a segment of Singapore’s community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of adults aged 65 and above from 4 primary care clinics from September 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected on demographic factors and clinical factors including history of falls and frailty as determined by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). FoF was measured using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International (Short FES-I), cut-off score of 14 and above indicated high FoF. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of high FoF.ResultsOut of 360 older adults, 78.1% were Chinese and 59.7% females. The mean age was 78.3 years and 76 (21.1%) had a history of falls in the past six months. Almost half (43.1%) were mildly to moderately frail and most (80.6%) had three or more chronic conditions. The mean FoF score was 15.5 (SD 5.97) and 60.8% reported high FoF. Logistic regression found that Malay ethnicity (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 1.77 – 19.13), use of walking aids (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.54 – 8.77) and increasing frailty were significant predictors for high FoF. The odds of high FoF were significantly higher in pre frail older adults (OR = 6.87, 95% CI = 2.66 – 17.37), mildly frail older adults (OR =18.58, 95% CI = 4.88 – 70.34) and moderately frail older adults (OR = 144.78, 95% CI = 13.86 – 1512.60).ConclusionsFoF is a prevalent and compelling issue in community-dwelling older adults, particularly those with frailty. The demographic and clinical factors identified in this study will be helpful to develop targeted and tailored interventions for FoF.

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