scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽  
Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽  
Dr. Anita J Gojiya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung   function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers   and comparable non   smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and     3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

scholarly journals Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
W Nargis ◽  
BU Ahamed ◽  
S Zabeen ◽  
F Alam ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Esophageal Bleeding in Children with Various Etiologies of Liver Cirrhosis – A Single-Center Report from Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohsen Dehghani ◽  
Zeinab Rashidinia ◽  
Iraj Shahramian ◽  
Ali Bazi ◽  
Amir Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Esophageal Bleeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Esophageal bleeding is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. In thee present study, our aim was to divulge major factors predicting esophageal bleeding in Iranian children with liver cirrhosis. This was a cross-sectional study including 101 children < 18 years old referred to the Pediatric Endoscopy Unit of Nemazee Teaching Hospital of Shiraz from 2014 until 2016. Children with esophageal varices were included. The patients were divided into two groups including those with and without history of esophageal bleeding. Statistical methods were performed in SPSS 16 software. There were 49 boys and 52 girls. The mean age was 7.74±5.26 years old. A history of esophageal bleeding was observed in 53 (52.4%). In univariate analyses, significant relationships were found between esophageal bleeding and varices size (P=0.001), Child-Pugh score (P=0.01), age of bleeding initiation (P<0.001), serum creatinine (P=0.01), and serum sodium (P=0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of PELD/MELD score among children with (12.34±12) and without (14.61±17.51) history of esophageal bleeding (P=0.5). Among various etiologies of cirrhosis, a significant association was observed between autoimmune hepatitis and the history of esophageal bleeding (P=0.01). Regarding the clinical importance of esophageal bleedings in children with liver cirrhosis, it is recommended to further divulge the risk factors pre-disposing to this event.

scholarly journals Effect of Female Genital Cutting on the Sexual Function among Egyptian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genital Cutting ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Female Genital

The existing literature on female genital cutting (FGC) is conflicting regarding its effects on sexual functions. The study aims is to evaluate the effects of FGC on the female sexual function. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between April 2018 and January 2019. We included married women, aged 18-45 years old and sexually active during the last six months. All women were asked to complete the Arabic Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI) independently. The cut-off score to define sexual dysfunction on the total FSFI score is 28.1. Then, the gynecologist conducted a thorough clinical examination and a detailed assessment of the type and extent of FGC. Continuous data was expressed in the form of mean±SD while nominal data was expressed in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: The study included 200 women divided into two groups; group (I) FGC, n=127 women and group (II) no FGC, n=73 women. There was no statistically significant difference in sexual function between both groups [91 women (71.7%) in group I vs. 53 women (72.6%) in group II, p=0.511]. The mean total ArFSFI score in group I was 25.8±3.05 vs. 25.4±3.64 in group II (p=0.598). No statistically significant difference in the sexual function between women with type I and type II FGC (p=0.555). Conclusions: FGC is not associated with reduced scores of ArFSFI either in all domain scores or the total score. Moreover, no difference in the scores of the ArFSFI between women with type I or type II FGC.

scholarly journals Clinical Epidemiology and Paraclinical Findings in Tuberculosis Patients in North of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhang Babamahmoodi ◽  
Ahmad Alikhani ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani Charati ◽  
Amir Ghovvati ◽  
Fatemeh Ahangarkani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. The prevalence of TB is different in various parts of Iran and throughout the world. The present study aimed to determine the clinical epidemiology and paraclinical findings of TB. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2013. Patient demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics, picked up from the TB patient’s files, were collected using a standard questionnaire format. Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of 212 patients enrolled in this study 62% were male and the mean age was about 50 years old. 98.6% were Iranian, and 46.2% were rural. Prevalence of smear-positive TB was 66.4%. Prevalence of positive PPD was 50.7% with no significant difference between HIV-positive and -negative patients (P = 0.8). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17%. 36% of the patients had history of smoking and about 29.3% were addicted to narcotics. Cough was the most common symptom (94.5%) and 84% had sputum. 15 cases (7%) had extrapulmonary TB. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and admission was 46.5 days. The delay for admission between urban and rural populations was not significantly different (P = 0.68); but for those who were in prison, the delay was significant (P = 0.02). About 46% of the patients had cavitary lesions in CXRs. Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of TB especially in prisoners by understanding its most important epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features can help to make an early treatment and prevent spread of mycobacteria and their complications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Hamda Shazam ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh ◽  
Zaheer Hussain ◽  
M. Mansoor Majeed ◽  
Saba Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to investigate osteocalcin levels in saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients and correlate these levels with periodontitis severity. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 95 individuals participated in the study with 46 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 49 subjects in group II (mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis patients). A detailed assessment of clinical periodontal parameters and alveolar bone loss was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects and osteocalcin levels were quantitatively analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay technique. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied at a significance level of 95%. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The results showed a significant association of qualification with group II (p < 0.02). Bone loss scores were also significantly associated with periodontitis severity (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group I and group II in terms of mean salivary osteocalcin levels (p = 0.68). Also, an insignificant correlation was also observed between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity (p = 0.13). Conclusion The overall study results showed that there was no significant difference between saliva osteocalcin levels of healthy and periodontitis patients. Also, there was a nonsignificant correlation between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that low osteocalcin levels in saliva might be considered as a poor indicator of periodontal disease progression and severity.

scholarly journals Lipid Profile Level among Healthy Subjects and Their Relation with Obesity- A Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Radhika M ◽  
Vinu Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Obesity is a common metabolic disease world-wide and dyslipidemias among the most common metabolic disorders associated with obesity. The present study was undertaken to assess lipid profile level among healthy subjects and their relation with obesity.Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects. General information related to data such as name, age, gender etc. was recorded in case history proforma. BMI was evaluated based on formula of BMI = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2. Based on BMI, subjects were divided into two groups according to their BMI values as- group I- Obese and Group II- Non obese. Group I had 65 and group II had 35 subjects. Lipid profile was done.Results: There was significant difference in group I and group II regarding waist circumference (WC), BMI (kg/m2), body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), total cholesterol (TC) (P< 0.05). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), HDL- C, LDL- C, TG, TC/HDL- C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C was non- significant (P< 0.05). There was negative correlations between BMI and TC, LDL-C, HDL-C; WC, WHR, VAI and HDL-C and positive significant correlations were found between WC, WHR, and TG/HDL-C, as well as between VAI andTC, TG, TC/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and TG/ HDL-C.Conclusion:Authors found that there was alteration of lipid profile in obese subjects. VAI is strongly related with lipid profile and may be considered as reliable obesity index in obese patients with dyslipidemias.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of effect of adiposity and hypertensive states on airway dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142
Author(s):  
Kunal Kishor Gautam ◽  
Deepak Saxena ◽  
Arvind Kanchan ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Rahul Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Airway Dynamics

Background: Adiposity and hypertensive states are major burden for community. It causes many health-related issues, including problems related to respiratory system. It is proposed that pulmonary functions can be affected in obese hypertensive and obese normotensive adults compared to non-obese normotensive adults. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of adiposity and hypertensive states on the airway dynamics.Methods: About 30 male obese normotensives and 30 male obese hypertensive subjects were selected as study participants. 30 age-controlled non-obese, normotensive males were selected as controls. All participants were in the age group of 40 to 60 years. The pulmonary functions measured were FVC, FEV1, FEV1% and PEFR. All the participants performed 3 attempts of spirometry and maximum among the three recordings were used for analysis. ANOVA followed by Post hoc analysis to find out any significant differences between these groups. Spearman’s rank correlation was used.Results: There was a statistically significant differences in BMI between the group I and group II and III. There was a significant difference in SBP and DBP between obese normotensive (group II) and obese hypertensive (group III) subjects. There were significant decline in % predicted values of PFT parameters, on comparing obese normotensive and obese hypertensive when compared to non-obese normotensive participants. There were statistically significant negative correlations between age and FEV1 as well as BMI and PEFR.Conclusions: There was a significant decrease the pulmonary functions in obese normotensive and obese hypertensive adults in comparison to non-obese normotensive adults. It can be concluded that body weight and adiposity as well as high blood pressure creates deleterious effect on airway dynamics.

scholarly journals A hospital based study: is the prescription of Benzodiazepine consistent with the guidelines?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
DK Thapa ◽  
N Lammichhane ◽  
S Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: Benzodiazepines are one of the most frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs. They confer a therapeutic value in a wide range of conditions. They exert sedative/ hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic action. Nearly all of the disadvantages of benzodiazepines result from long term use leading to development of tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. This study was done to determine if the pattern of benzodiazepines prescription among the psychiatric patients is consistent with the guideline. METHODS: This was a descriptive, hospital based cross- sectional study done in the psychiatry department at Gandaki Medical College. The consecutive 50 patients who either had a past history of treatment with or were still regularly on prescription for any of the following medication; alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam,diazepam, and lorazepam were included in the study. The psychiatric diagnosis of the patients, duration and types of benzodiazepines dispensed to patients were worked up. The duration of study was 6 months (Jan- June 2013). RESULTS: The total numbers of subjects enrolled in the study was 50. Female constituted 28 (56%), majority were married 45 (90%) and most of the subjects 31 (62%), were from the local district of Kaski. The mean age of the subjects was 41.1 ± 15 .3 years. Among the types of benzodiazepines prescribed, clonazepam was the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepine. Dispensing of less than 30-days or 1 month supply of benzodiazepines, a practice typically recommended by practice guidelines, occurred in only 5 ( 10%) of the users. The study showed that there was a huge variation regarding the duration of benzodiazepines use, ranging from the period of less than of 1 month to the maximum duration of 192 months or 16 years. The mean duration of the benzodiazepine use was 34.8 ± 50 months i.e. near about 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite guideline cautions, long-term benzodiazepines use remains a common treatment pattern. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i1.10489   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(1): 30-34

scholarly journals Severity of Migraine with or without comorbidities: A Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akter Hossain ◽  
Quazi Deen Mohammad ◽  
Mansur Habib ◽  
Md. Azharul Hoque ◽  
Md. Badrul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
Severe Migraine

Background: Migraine causes difficulties in daily life. Objective: The purpose of this present study was to assess the severity of migraine associated with comorbidities.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Headache Clinic and Neurology outdoor in the Department of Neurology at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka during the period of July 2010 to June 2011 for a period of one (01) year. All the patients presented with migraine were included as study population who were divided into two groups. Migraine patients without comorbidities were designated as group I and with comorbidities were in group II. The comorbidities were assessed which were both physical as well as psychiatric. The severity of migraine was assessed on the basis of four principal components like pain intensity, nausea, disability and tolerability.Result: A total of 70 patients with migraine were recruited of which 37 patients were in group I and 33 patients were in group II. In group II major depressive disorder was in 8(24.3%) cases, generalized anxiety disorder was in 6(18.1%) cases and hypertensive was in 7(21.2%) cases. Among 8 major depressive disorder patients, mild, moderate and severe migraines were found in 1(3.03%) cases, 2(6.06%) cases and 5(15.15%) cases respectively. Out of 6 GAD patients, mild, moderate and severe migraine were found in 1(3.03%) case, 1(3.03%) case and 4(12.12%) cases. Seven patients were hypertensive of which 1(3.03) patient had mild, 2(6.06%) had moderate and 4(12.12%) had severe migraine. Mild migraine was found in 18(48.6%) patients in group I and 6(18.2%) patients in group II. Moderate migraine was found in 12(32.5%) patients and 8(24.2%) in group I and group II respectively. Severe migraine was found in 7(18.9%) patients in group I and 19(57.6%) patients in group II.Conclusion: Severity of migraine is associated with different physical and psychiatric comorbidities. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2015;1(2): 33-36

scholarly journals Photographic Estimation of Intercanthal Width of Bangladeshi Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Nazma Farhat ◽  
Humaira Naushaba ◽  
Md Shahjahan Chowdhury ◽  
Mallika Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Background: Estimation of intercanthal width and biocular breadth from digital photography is important in the evaluation of several systemic syndromes, craniofacial abnormalities and in surgical treatments of post-traumatic telecanthus. Dysmorphologists employ canthal measurements in evaluating the degree of hypertelorism. So intercanthal width and biocular breadth values are very important for clinicians, ophthalmologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons. The reliability of estimation of intercanthal width from biocular breadth by using multiplication factor is high.Objective: To make an attempt to determine the multiplication factor for estimation of intercanthal width.Materials and method: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Anatomy department of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2010 to June 2011. One hundred Bangladeshi 25 to 45 years old women were selected purposively for the study.Results: The mean±SD intercanthal width was 3.456±0.3585 cm. Multiplication factor for measuring intercanthal width from biocular breadth (9.348±0.7174 cm) was 0.369±0.0232 cm. The mean±SD of estimated intercanthal width was 3.449±0.2647 cm. No significant difference was found between the measured and estimated intercanthal width.Conclusion: Multiplication factor can be used to determine intercanthal width in Bangladeshi women though agreement test would have been done to generalize the finding.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 78-82

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