scholarly journals Expressed emotions and perceived stress among patients and caregivers of patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Renu Sharma ◽  
Sandhya Ghai ◽  
Shubhmohan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Expressed Emotions

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Expressed emotions (EE) are the critical, hostile and emotionally over- involved attitude of relatives towards a family member who is suffering from a disorder. It is a measure of the expressed attitude of the relatives towards their psychological patient in their absence. As, in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) alternating/recurring periods of depression and elevated mood occurs which leads to varied levels of stress and expressed emotions in the patient as well as their caregivers.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An exploratory study was conducted in psychiatry ward and psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of PGIMER, Chandigarh on BPAD patients and their caregivers (N=50 each) using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected in the month of March for 10 days. Interviews were conducted using the modified perceived stress scale by Sheldon Cohen and Hooley’s expressed emotions scale for assessing expressed emotions levels, respectively.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Data analysis done with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22 version 16.0 through descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that 64% of caregivers face criticism from their patients whereas 62% of patients receive criticism from their caregivers. The study also showed that 68% of caregivers were given emotional support by their patients. 66% of caregivers and patients, both displayed moderate level of perceived stress.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It can be concluded that both EE and perceived stress are significant stressors for the BPAD patients and their caregivers.</p>

scholarly journals Tinjauan Terhadap Tahap Tekanan Pelajar Universiti Semasa Pandemik COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz ◽  
Nathratul Ayeshah Zulkifli ◽  
Mohd Zaini Othman ◽  
Nurun Najihah Musa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
T Test ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Social

Pandemik Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang melanda Malaysia dan seluruh dunia telah memberikan pelbagai implikasi yang sangat besar terutamanya dalam aspek kesihatan mental. Golongan pelajar merupakan golongan yang berisiko mengalami tekanan akibat norma baharu yang wujud susulan pandemik ini. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap tekanan pelajar dan mengenal pasti pengaruh jantina dalam menentukan tahap tekanan pelajar. Kajian ini adalah kajian kuantitatif yang menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan. Seramai 400 orang pelajar dari sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak mudah. Soal selidik Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) yang dialih bahasa telah digunakan. Analisis statistik deskriptif dalam bentuk peratus kekerapan dan ujian t-test dijalankan melalui perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Versi 26. Kajian mendapati bahawa seramai 340 pelajar (85%) mengalami tekanan pada tahap sederhana. Selain itu, tidak terdapat perbezaan antara jantina lelaki dan perempuan dalam menentukan tahap tekanan pelajar. Konklusinya, kajian ini amatlah signifikan dalam mengetahui tahap tekanan pelajar semasa pandemik ini. Ia boleh dijadikan sebagai garis panduan terutamanya kepada institusi pendidikan dalam mengatur strategi bagi membantu dalam meningkatkan dan mengekalkan kegembiraan pelajar.

scholarly journals Hubungan Spiritualitas dengan Stres pada Penderita Hipertensi di Poli Jantung RSU dr. H. Koesnadi-Bondowoso

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alfian Adyatma ◽  
Murtaqib Murtaqib ◽  
Baskoro Setioputro
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Daily Spiritual Experience Scale

Stress becomes one of the factors causing hypertension. The correlation of stress and hypertension occurs through sympathetic nerve activities, which can gradually increase blood pressure. Spirituality is one of coping to deal with stress. Someone who has a high spiritual level is believed that his belief and relationship with God are better. This study analyzed the correlation between spirituality and stress in hypertension patients at the Cardiology unit of dr. H. Koesnadi Hospital-Bondowoso. The variables were Spirituality and Stress. The research design was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach with 84 respondents obtained using consecutive sampling technique. The data collection was carried out by giving the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire on August 14th-28th 2018. The results of analysis using the Spearman correlation test were p value = 0.001 and r = -0,429 (p <0, 05), indicated a significant correlation between spirituality and stress in hypertension patients. A person who has good spirituality can control his chronic disease and help him to manage his conditions patiently, calmly and can determine his life goals. Suggestions for nurses are to be able to provide motivation to patients to accept the disease and improve adherence to the treatment.      

Genetic aetiology of mood disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 650-658
Author(s):  
Pierre Oswald ◽  
Daniel Souery ◽  
Julien Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Context

Advances towards the understanding of the etiological mechanisms involved in mood disorders provide interesting yet diverse hypotheses and promising models. In this context, molecular genetics has now been widely incorporated into genetic epidemiological research in psychiatry. Affective disorders and, in particular, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have been examined in many molecular genetic studies which have covered a large part of the genome, specific hypotheses such as mutations have also been studied. Most recent studies indicate that several chromosomal regions may be involved in the aetiology of BPAD. Other studies have reported the presence of anticipation in BPAD and in unipolar affective disorder (UPAD). In parallel to these new developments in molecular genetics, the classical genetic epidemiology, represented by twin, adoption and family studies, provided additional evidence in favour of the genetic hypothesis in mood disorders. Moreover, these methods have been improved through models to test the gene-environment interactions. In addition to genetic approaches, psychiatric research has focused on the role of psychosocial factors in the emergence of mood disorders. In this approach, psychosocial factors refer to the patient's social life context as well as to personality dimensions. Abnormalities in the social behavior such as impairment in social relationships have been observed during episode of affective disorders, and implicated in the etiology of affective disorders. Further, gender and socio-economic status also emerged as having a possible impact on the development of affective disorders. Finally, the onset and outcome of affective disorders could also be explained by interactions between the social life context and the individual's temperament and personality. The importance of temperament and personality characteristics in the etiology of depression has been emphasized in various theories, although disagreement exists with regard to terminology and the etiology. While significant advances have been done in these two major fields of research, it appears that integrative models, taking into account the interactions between biological (genetic) factors and social (psychosocial environment) variables offer the most reliable way to approach the complex mechanisms involved in the etiology and outcome of mood disorders. This chapter will review some of the most promising genetic and psychosocial hypotheses in mood disorders that can be integrated in interactive models.

scholarly journals International Students’ Perceptions of Service Quality in the UK Banking Sector: An Exploratory Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Christopher Bond ◽  
Marc Ting-Chun Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Students ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Physical Layout

This study reviews and evaluates international students’ perceptions of UK banks. The specific research objectives were to identify international students’ expectations and perceptions of service quality from UK banks and to assess the quality GAP or dissonance between these. A total of 297 international students studying in the UK responded to the survey. Data gathered was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 16). The study reveals that the main areas of service quality with which international students are generally satisfied relates to tangibles such as physical layout and appearance. The key areas of dissatisfaction that the study identified were with factors related to reliability and empathy. This appears to be the first study in the UK banking sector that has focused on service quality with respect to international students. 

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of The Perceptions of Footwear for Individuals who use Lower Limb Orthotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gegen ◽  
Teresa Plummer ◽  
Nancy Darr
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Online Support Groups ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to explore individual’s perceptions of orthotics and footwear. A survey was created by the authors with the expert opinions of physical and occupational therapists and was distributed to two therapy clinics in Tennessee that provide both occupational therapy and physical therapy as well as on several online support groups. Seventy-nine (79) caregivers completed surveys. Thematic analysis was performed using Nvivo 10 (QSR International) and descriptive statistics were generated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM International). Ninety percent (90%) of participants report that orthotics affect what type of shoes the user can wear. Eighty-two percent (82%) report that it is difficult to shop for shoes that accommodate orthotics. Sixty-one percent (61%) report that the user would be more likely to wear their orthotics if they had more options of shoes to wear. Fifty-nine percent (59%) report that the user would be more likely to wear their orthotics if they had shoes that were more attractive. The importance of collaborating with consumers when designing products is essential for the success of both the individual and the product.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMMERCE CONSTRUCTS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND TRUST IN COMMUNITY ON SOCIAL COMMERCE ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Amir Hidayatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
The Social ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Individual

This study  aims  to  analyze  social  commerce  constructs, social  support,  and  individual  trust in the  community   in   social   commerce   activities.   Social   support   includes   emotional   support  and informational  support.  The population  was  social  media  users, while  the  samples were  social media users who had made purchase at least two transactions through social media. The sampling technique was convenience sampling. Totally, 162 respondents were involved. Hypothesis testing was  done using  Warp PLS. This study  reveals that individual  trust in  the community  can be built directly  through  the social  commerce  constructs. These  constructs affects both  emotional  support and information support, in which they will ultimately affect the individual trust in the community. Furthermore,  social  commerce  intention  is influenced  by  individual  trust in  the community  and emotional  support.  However,  information  support does not  affect  the social commerce  intention.

scholarly journals La subjetividad de la metodología en la proyectación de la arquitectura

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Pedro Arturo Martínez Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
La Red

Resumen: El presente artículo presenta una reflexión sobre los procesos metodológicos utilizados en la proyectación de la Arquitectura, a partir del planteamiento de una propuesta metodológica enfocada en la investigación y aplicable al diseño arquitectónico, que fue confrontada en el año 2014, durante una experiencia de intercambio académico con la Escuela de Diseño de la Universidad Veiga de Almeida, a través de los procesos de movilidad que plantea la red Ilumno. El objetivo principal del estudio de tipo exploratorio del cual se deriva este trabajo, propone la identificación de procesos metodológicos comunes en cualquier proceso investigativo en las ciencias sociales, y su aplicabilidad a procesos metodológicos con los cuales proyectar la Arquitectura. Como resultado principal de la experiencia de contrastación de esta metodología planteada, se obtiene un pensamiento amplio con el cual abordar un problema de diseño arquitectónico. En este sentido es posible, desde la perspectiva del quehacer investigativo, entender el proceso de una manera propia, especial e inherente a cada investigador-diseñador, el cual, desde sus necesidades y procesos mentales, la apropia desde múltiples caminos hasta llegar a la respuesta más acertada como solución al problema planteado. ___Palabras clave: Pedagogía, arquitectura, investigación proyectual, subjetividad. ___Abstract: This article presents a reflection on the methodological processes used in the design process of the Architecture, based on a methodological proposal focused on research and applicable to architectural design, which was confronted in 2014, during an academic exchange experience with the School of Design of the Universidad Veiga de Almeida, through the mobility processes that the Ilumno network presents. The main objective of the exploratory study from which this work is derived, proposes the identification of methodological processes common to any research process in the social sciences and its applicability to methodological processes with which to project the Architecture. As a main result of the testing experience of this methodology, a broad thinking is obtained with which to approach a problem of architectural design. In this sense it is possible, from the perspective of the investigative task, to understand the process in a way that is unique, special and inherent to each researcher-designer, who, from his/her needs and mental processes, appropriates it from multiple paths to the more correct answer as a solution to the problem posed. ___Keywords: Pedagogy, architecture, project research, subjectivity. ___Recibido: 21 de abril de 2016. Aceptado: 23 julio 2016.

Development of an Indigenous Parental Perceived Stress Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-456
Author(s):  
Noreena Kausar ◽  
Bushra Akram ◽  
Saima Dawood ◽  
Fayyaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Children With Asd

The major aim of this study was to develop an indigenous Parental Perceived Stress Scale in Urdu for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research was divided into two phases: In Phase-I, indigenous Parental Perceived Stress Scale was developed and in Phase-II, psychometric properties of the scale were established. An item pool of 46 items was generated based on the Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) stress model and interviewing the parents having children with ASD. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 502 parents from different special educational institutes. Generated items were evaluated by a panel of experts and were pilot tested on 25 parents. Exploratory factor analysis fixed to seven factor structure with 42 items. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded 32 item scale revealing Cronbach alpha of .95 indicating the scale as a reliable and valid scale for the measurement of parental perceived stress for parents of children with ASD. Clinical implications of the study indicate its use for counseling and clinical services.

A Comparative Study of Perceived Stress and Anxiety, among Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, and the General Population, during COVID-19 Pandemic, Conducted in Government Hospital for Mental Care, Visakhapatnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173
Author(s):  
Evani Ramachandra Rao ◽  
Seelam Satish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Mental Care ◽  
Exacerbation Of Symptoms

BACKGROUND Generally during pandemic, mental health needs are largely neglected and patients with psychiatric illness are given less medical care as majority of the health professionals are involved in acute management of the pandemic. In this study we wanted to determine the difference between stress and anxiety in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and the general population. METHODS It was a cross sectional study and convenient sampling was used. The study was conducted in Government Hospital for Mental Care, Visakhapatnam. The study included 60 participants of whom 30 participants are patients with bipolar affective disorder who were currently in remission and 30 participants were from general population and were evaluated using semi structured proforma for sociodemographic data and perceived stress scale to assess perceived stress, Hamilton anxiety rating scale to assess anxiety. Results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant difference in severity of perceived stress and anxiety among patients with bipolar affective disorder and the general population. CONCLUSIONS Our study results re-emphasize the fact that there should be an increased awareness about patients with psychiatric illness like bipolar affective disorder as targets for care with regular psychiatric intervention during Covid-19 pandemic. With our study, we want to re-iterate the fact that patients with psychiatric illness experience exacerbation of symptoms during infectious disease epidemic. Patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder can also have comorbid anxiety disorder, even after treating the mood disorder episode. Residual anxiety may persist and in times of infectious diseases epidemic, these anxiety symptoms will exacerbate leading to poor quality of life and non-compliance to medication. With our study we want to recommend that proper care and regular follow-up schedules have to be formulated by mental health professionals and mental health institutions to reduce and prevent exacerbation of symptoms and improve treatment compliance which in turn helps in preventing relapse of bipolar affective disorder. KEYWORDS Bipolar Affective Disorder, Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Covid-19

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