scholarly journals A study to assess the outcomes following tonsillectomy in patients who were administered only prophylactic pre-operative antibiotics vis-à-vis patients who were administered both pre and post-operative antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Shikha Shah ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Tejal Sonar ◽  
Srinithya Kancherla ◽  
Aastha Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Operative Surgery ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tonsillectomy is one of the common operative surgery performed by an ENT surgeon. With aim to reduce the hospital stay and post-operative complications, the use of antibiotics has become every common.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 40 patients undergoing tonsillectomy were recruited into the study subsequent to obtaining informed consent. The patients were divided in to two groups, group A and group B. Both the groups were given tablet amoxicillin with clavulanic acid orally for 3 days prior to surgery and subsequently were administered injection amoxicillin and clavulanic acid intravenously 1 hour prior to surgery pre operatively. Only group A patients were given injection amoxicillin and clavulanic acid intravenously 12 hourly for 5 days in the post-operative period. The patients from both the groups were assessed on the following criteria: pain, slough in the tonsillar fossa, fever, clot formation and return to normal daily activities.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Both the groups were comparable with regard to demographics, post-operative infections, post-operative pain and time to return to normal daily activities. There was no cognisant difference for all the parameters assessed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Administration of antibiotics in patients undergoing tonsillectomy can be restricted to pre-operative antibiotics only as giving antibiotics post-operatively does not affect the clinical outcome and also prevents indiscriminate use of antibiotics which can lead to mutant antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria which can also have an economic impact.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A CRITICAL ANALYSIS STUDY ON OTALGIA MANAGEMENT BY GARLIC DROPS AND BENZOCAINE DROPS- AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF MODERN AND AYURVEDA MEDICINE IN A SINGLE AILMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Rathi.S ◽  
Sucha lakshmi R
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ear Drops

Otalgia or ear ache is a symptom which will hamper the daily activities of individual, and a cause of unease or discomfort. There might not be any single individual who has not affected with earache in their lifetime, atleast once in their span of life..Even today there is no specific permanent remedy to this condition in advance modern medical system despite of some Otogesics which will only mask the pain. The common Over the Counter medicines available on medical stores are having side effects on continuous usage. So there is a need for safe Ayurvedic medicine which can acts better like modern analgesics but less side effects. Methodology: In this comparative study of Lasuna putapaka swarasa (Garlic Drops) and Benzocaine Otogesic drops, 40 patients of Otalgia were randomly selected and divided to two groups of 20 patients each. Group A was treated with the ear drops of Lasunaputapaka swarasa (Garlic Drops) and Group B was treated with Benzocaine Otogesic ear drops. Observations: It was observed in the present study that Group A showed better results in reducing the symptoms of Otalgia. Re-occurrence of symptoms were merely less in Group A patients compared to Group B patients. Conclusion: There is a false assumption that Ayurvedic medicines are slow acting and desperately using for pain management and acute conditions. But this study throwing a light to substantiate that, Ayurvedic medicines are potent enough to manage acute otalgia also, just like Otogesics in Modern Medical Science. The study revealed that the re-occurrence rate of symptoms was very less in patients who used Garlic drops and was safe acting also.

scholarly journals Feasibility of local anaesthesia in lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Bhimanagouda Venkanagouda Goudar ◽  
Eshwar B. Kalburgi ◽  
Yamanur P. Lamani ◽  
Veerabhadra Gowd Y. C.
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fissure In Ano ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B

Background: Fissure in Ano is one of the common and most painful anorectal conditions encountered in surgical practice. Inspite of several conservative treatment options, surgical treatment in the form of Lateral Anal Spincterotomy (LAS) remains the gold standard of treatment for Chronic Anal Fissures (CAF).Methods: Prospective comparative study conducted on 90 patients randomly divided into two groups Group A under Local anaesthesia (LA) and Group B under Spinal anaesthesia (SA) respectively. The primary outcome variables studied were postoperative pain, hospital stay, and cost effectiveness.Results: A total of 90 patients randomly divided into 45 patients in each group. There was no statistically difference in the pain at surgery, but post-operative pain was significantly less in LA group at 5th hour, 24 hours after surgery. Hospital stay in LA group is significantly less when compared to SA group (1.92, 3.75 respectively).Conclusions: LAS can be comfortably performed under LA with added advantages.

Microbiology of cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa and cases with open mastoidectomy cavities

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavuz Selim Pata ◽  
Candan Öztürk ◽  
Yücel Akbaş ◽  
Murat Ünal ◽  
Kemal Görür ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Open Cavity ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

This study investigated the common flora of human cerumen in patients with recurrent otitis externa, and subjects who had been operated on and had an open mastoidectomy cavity from chronic otitis media.Cerumen samples were collected from three groups; group A (n = 20) consisted of patients with recurrent otitis externa, group B (n = 20) consisted of patients with an open cavity and group C (n = 30) consisted of healthy subjects.The mean of the microbial count was 3.4 × 104 in group A, 3.08 × 104 in group B and 2.48 × 104 in group C. The most commonly isolated microorganism from the three groups was Staphylococcus epidermidis. No growth was observed in five cases (25 per cent) in group A and in three cases (10 per cent) in group C. In groupB antimicrobial growth was observed in all samples. In 46 (65 per cent) of the cerumen samples,the isolates were monomicrobial and 24 (35 per cent) of the cerumen samples were polymicrobial. The isolates were polymicrobial in 65 per cent of group A, 20 per cent in group B and 23.3 per cent in group C.In the process of investigating the microbial flora of cerumen in all the three groups, microbial growth was observed from all the samples from patients with an open cavity, unlike the other groups, and it was determined that the group with recurrent external otitis had the most abundant microbial flora.

scholarly journals Effect of acupuncture TENS versus conventional TENS on post cesarean section incision pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3738
Author(s):  
Priti A. Mehendale ◽  
Mayur T. Revadkar
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

Background: There is evidence regarding beneficial use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on post Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) incision pain. However, efficacy of different types of TENS following C section pain has not yet been explored adequately.Methods: 96 women who had recently undergone LSCS were included for the study. The subjects were in the age group of 20 to 40 years (25.84±3.96); having pain intensity 4 or more on Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). They were divided into three groups by random allocation method; namely Group A: Acupuncture (Low/Motor) TENS, Group B: Conventional (High/Sensory) TENS and Group C: Control group. Group A and B received specific type of TENS twice a day for 15 minutes. Control group C did not receive any TENS intervention. All subjects received standard post-operative medications and physiotherapy. Pain intensity was recorded on NPRS pre and post intervention.Results: Both Acupuncture TENS and Conventional TENS significantly decreased post-operative pain intensity as compared to control group (p value <0.0001).Conclusions: Both, acupuncture and conventional TENS are equally effective in reducing post LSCS incision pain at a strong and non-painful intensity.

scholarly journals Endoscopic 3-S Technique Tympanoplasty: Taking the Convention a Step Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Mridul Janweja ◽  
Sayan Hazra ◽  
Arindam Das ◽  
Arya Brata Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction Endoscopic Surgery has immense potential for middle ear surgery and is currently favoured by many surgeons. The 3 (vascular) Strips/ 3 Flap Tympanoplasty with operating microscope is popular but Endoscopic 3-Flap Tympanoplasty remains less explored. Hence this study was conducted to compare advantages and disadvantages of Endoscopic and Microscopic 3-Flap Tympanoplasty. Materials and Methods Forty two patients with large/subtotal perforation of tympanic membrane were divided into two equal groups (Group A & B). Endoscope was used in Group A, whereas, operating microscope in Group B. Temporalis fascia was the graft material in all patients. Patients were followed up for six months. Pre and post-operative audiograms, post-operative pain, graft uptake, time taken for surgery and intra-operative visualization convenience were compared. Results Mean Air-Bone Gap closure at the end of six months was 9.23 dB (SD-0.88 dB) in the endoscope group and 8.95 dB (SD-0.66 dB) in microscope group whereas the graft uptake rate was 95.2% and 90.2% respectively. Post-operative pain, cosmesis, ease of doing surgery and time taken for surgery were better in ‘Endoscope’ as compared to ‘Microscope’ group. Conclusion The three flaps produce adequate exposure in very large or subtotal perforations, very thin anterior rim or with anterior bony overhang. Results in terms of mean hearing gain and graft uptake were comparable. In terms of morbidity (post-op pain), recovery (return to routine activity), mean duration of surgery and cosmesis, endoscopic surgery produced better outcome.

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EPIDURAL BUPIVACAINE WITH BUPRENORPHINE AND EPIDURAL BUPIVACAINE FOR POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN ABDOMINAL AND LOWER LIMB SURGERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Anant Prakash ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Chandeshwar Choudhary ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Visual Analogue Pain ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Epidural Bupivacaine ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Epidural administration of various analgesics gained increasing popularity following the discovery of opioid receptors in the spinal cord capable of producing potent analgesia. This effect seems to be greatest when epidural anaesthesia in continued in the post-operative period as epidural analgesia. It is now clear that epidural administration of opioids. Ours was a comparative study between epidural bupivacaine with buprenorphine and epidural bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia in abdominal and lower limb surgery. Methods: 60 patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries of either sex with ASA grade 1 and 2 aged between 20 and 60 years for divided into two groups. After completion of the surgery and when the effect of local anaesthetic wears of and the patients complains of pain the intended study drugs were given when visual analogue pain score touched 5 cm mark. Group – A: Patients received 8ml of 0.25% bupivacaine + 0.15mg of buprenorphine. Group – B: patients received 0.25% of bupivacaine alone. In the post-operative period the following parameters were studied, 1. Onset of analgesia, 2. Duration of analgesia, 3. Vital parameters such as heart beat, blood pressure, respiratory rate, sedation score and visual analogue score were recorded, 4. Side effects like nausea, vomiting, hypotension, respiratory depression, and pruritus allergic reaction were looked for. Results: It is observed that onset of analgesia in Group A (0.25% bupivacaine + 0.15mg buprenorphine) was 7.35 min. When compared to Group B which 15.5 min, which is statically signicant (P<0.05). Duration of analgesia in Group A is 17.23 hrs compared to Group B, which is 5.2 hrs, this is statically signicant (P<0.05). Visual analogue scale was reduced in Group A compared to Group B Conclusions: Addition of buprenorphine to bupivacaine by epidural injection for post-operative analgesia improves the onset, The duration and the quality of analgesia

scholarly journals Penile nerve block at the base of penis in combination with intravenous ketamin plus midazolam versus general anaesthesia(GA) in children undergoing circumcision for post operative pain management in the Eastern Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
NR Sharma ◽  
P Timalsena ◽  
U Rai
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Analgesia Requirement ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Adequate post operative analgesia in children provides satisfactory psychological objective of this study was to compare the post operative analgesia requirement and child satisfaction between two groups, general anaesthesia(GA) alone and GA in combination with penile nerve block. This prospective randomized study was conducted in 50 children aged 6 to 14 years, who underwent circumcision. The boys were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (n = 25) received GA with Single shot ketamin 2mg/kg IV plus midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and dorsal penile nerve block at the base of penis prior to circumcision with and Group B (n = 25) received GA with ketamine 2mg/kg IV plus midazolam 0.1 mg/kg plus halothane by laryngeal mask. Severity of pain was assessed quantitatively by children’s hospital eastern Ontario pain scale (CHEOPS). The pain intensity was assessed at one hour A1 in group A and B1 for group B and at two hour A2 for group A and B2 for group B during postoperatively period for two hours. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS method. The post operative analgesia was satisfactory with CHEOPS score 6 or <6 in group A 1. In group A 2 twenty two out of twenty five cases had CHEOPS score <6.Where as in group B1 and B2 it was > 6 .Which was statistically 100% significant. In conclu­sion, combined penile nerve block in combination with intravenous ketamine plus midazolam is the satisfactory method of Post operative pain management in children undergoing circumcision. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i1.10846 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(1): 33-36

scholarly journals A COMPARITIVE STUDY BETWEEN EPIDURAL BUTORPHANOL, NALBUPHINE AND FENTANYL FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Swarna Banerjee ◽  
Shaswat Kumar Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Catheter Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Achieving satisfactory post-operative analgesia with neuraxial administration of narcotics has been the subject of much research. The use of epidural opioids had become an increasingly popular technique for management of acute post-operative pain in recent times. This study evaluates post-operative analgesic benefits in patients administered epidural butorphanol, nalbuphine, and fentanyl as adjuvants with local anesthetics postoperatively for surgery under epidural anesthesia.Methods: A total of 75 patients belonging to age groups 18-60 years who were scheduled for surgeries of lower abdomen were randomly divided into groups of 25 each. Epidural technique was adopted for surgery of the lower abdomen for all patients with 0.5% bupivacaine. In the post-operative period, the study drug was given through epidural catheter. Group A received butorphanol 2 mg, Group B received fentanyl 100 μg, and Group C received nalbuphine 10 mg with 0.125% bupivacaine diluted to 10 ml in normal saline each. Onset, duration, quality of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, and side effects – such as sedation, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and urinary retention - were recorded and compared.Results: The demographic data were comparable in all three groups. The onset of sensory block was significantly earlier in Group B (fentanyl) than other two groups. Duration was significantly longer in Group A (butorphanol). No serious cardiorespiratory side effects were noted in any of groups.Conclusion: Fentanyl produces the faster onset of analgesia with adverse effects like pruritus. Butorphanol administered epidurally has the advantage of longer duration of analgesia than fentanyl or epidural nalbuphine with side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and sedation.Keywords: Epidural analgesia, Butorphanol, Fentanyl, Nalbuphine.

Role of a modified epigastric port in reducing post operative pain and causing early ambulation in a patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared to a standard four port procedure, a randomized controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3986
Author(s):  
Arijit Roy ◽  
Pramatha Nath Datta ◽  
Kushankur Guha
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Better Than

Background: Standard four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of gall stones. Modified epigastric port laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be considered an alternative, as this procedure maintains the advantages of four ports and does not require any special set of instruments. In this study we aimed to see whether this procedure is comparable to the standard four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on the primary objectives of postoperative pain score, degree of ambulation, time to return to normal activities.Methods: Consecutive patients due to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, meeting all the predefined criteria were recruited into the study. The group A was assigned to receive intervention in the form of modified epigastric port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The group B was assigned to receive intervention in the form of standard four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients in group A were compared with patients in group B based on multiple pre-defined parameters.Results: Pain scores were significantly better in group A. Degree of ambulation at was significantly better in group A. In respect to the time to resumption of normal activities there was no significant difference between the two groups. When comparing the quality life at 1 month following surgery with SF-36 health survey, the patients in group A did better than patients in group B with respect to the six scales. Conclusions: Modified epigastric port laparoscopic cholecystectomy appears to be significantly better than the standard four port cholecystectomy in terms of postoperative recovery.

scholarly journals FIBRE HETEROGENEITY IN THE CLOSER AND OPENER MUSCLES OF CRAYFISH WALKING LEGS

1993 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gunzel ◽  
S. Galler ◽  
W. Rathmayer
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Astacus Leptodactylus ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Excitatory Junction Potentials ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B

1. The closer and opener muscles in the third walking legs of the three crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii and Astacus leptodactylus are composed of fibres which differ in histochemistry, electrophysiology and morphology. Three major groups of fibres (A, B and C) were distinguished. 2. Group A fibres react weakly to histochemical stains for myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase) activity characteristic of fibres with slow shortening speeds. In the opener muscle, they are innervated by the opener excitor (OE) and the specific opener inhibitor (OI). In the closer muscle, group A fibres are innervated by the common inhibitory neurone (CI) in addition to single (slow closer excitor, SCE) or double excitatory (SCE and fast closer excitor, FCE) innervation. Group A fibres have the largest excitatory junction potentials (EJPs), the longest membrane time constants (tau) and the longest sarcomeres. They are located at the very distal and proximal ends of both muscles. 3. Group B fibres show higher mATPase activity than group A fibres. In the opener muscle, they are innervated by OE and OI; in the closer muscle, they receive double excitatory (SCE and FCE) and CI innervation. Single SCE and OE EJPs are small; those caused by FCE are larger. tau is shorter than in the other two fibre groups. Sarcomere lengths lie between those of group A and C fibres. Group B fibres are found along the entire lengths of both muscles. 4. Group C fibres exhibit the highest mATPase activity (characteristic of fibres with fast shortening velocity) which, in contrast to the ATPase of group B fibres, is not resistant to alkaline preincubation at pH 10.05. In the closer, these fibres lack innervation by CI, otherwise the innervation pattern is identical to that of group B fibres. EJP size is similar to that of group B fibres; tau ranges between values for group A and B fibres. Sarcomere lengths are the shortest of all the fibre types. Group C fibres constitute the majority of the fibres in the two muscles and mainly occupy the central regions.

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