scholarly journals Study of QT interval prolongation in asymptomatic type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without microalbuninuria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Farzana Mustafa ◽  
Abdul Hai Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Qt Interval Prolongation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Group B

QT interval abnormalities are the best predictors of cardiovascular deaths. Microalbuminuria is an independent marker for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Hence QT interval abnormalities in diabetics with or without microalbuminuria were evaluated in this study. To study QT interval abnormalities in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with or without microalbuminuria. : Open label controlled study with 214 subjects of either sex. Group A healthy subjects (n=100), group B asymptomatic, type 2 diabetics with no clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Group B subdivided into B with microalbuminuria (n=62), Bwithout microalbuminuria (n=52). Corrected QT interval (QTC), microalbuminuria, and blood pressure were measured for all subjects. QTC was calculated by using Bazzet's formula. QTC more than 440msec was considered prolonged. QTC was within normal range in diabetic patients(415+25msec). Highly significant (p<0.0001) prolongation was observed in diabetics, compared to healthy subjects. Both B(p<0.0001) and B(p<0.001) groups showed a significant increase in QTC than in healthy subjects. Among Band Bgroups QTC was not statistically significant. Prolongation of QTC is indicative of CAN. CAN is often under-recognised and undiagnosed cardiac complication.QTC was more in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics irrespective of microalbuminuria compared to healthy individuals, though values were within normal range. This denotes high risk for future cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients.

Homocysteine induces caspase activation by endoplasmic reticulum stress in platelets from type 2 diabetics and healthy donors

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (05) ◽  
pp. 1022-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanene Zbidi ◽  
Pedro Redondo ◽  
Jose López ◽  
Aghleb Bartegi ◽  
Gines Salido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is a disease characterised by hyperglycaemia and associated with several cardiovascular disorders, including angiopathy and platelet hyperactivity, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetic patients, homo-cysteine levels are significantly increased compared with healthy subjects. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for macro-and microangiopathy and mortality. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of homocysteine on platelet apoptosis. Changes in cytosolic or intraluminal free Ca2+ concentration were determined by fluorimetry. Caspase activity and phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) were explored by Western blot. Our results indicate that homocysteine releases Ca2+ from agonist sensitive stores, enhances eIF2α phosphorylation at Ser51 and activates caspase-3 and -9 independently of extracellular Ca2+. Homocysteine induced activation of caspase-3 and -9 was abolished by salubrinal, an agent that prevents endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Homo-cysteine-induced platelet effects were significantly greater in type 2 diabetics than in healthy subjects. These findings demonstrate that homocysteine induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis in human platelets, an event that is enhanced in type 2 diabetic patients, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Oral Symptoms and Mucosal Lesions in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cicmil ◽  
Olivera Govedarica ◽  
Jelena Lečić ◽  
Snežana Mališ ◽  
Smiljka Cicmil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Summary Background: Good glycoregulation at patients with diabetes mellitus is essential for prevention of many complications, including those in oral cavity. Results of numerous studies indicate that xerostomia and neurosensory oral disorders are present in type 2 diabetics. A review of the literature shows contradictory results about prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of xerostomia, neurosensory disorders and mucosal lesions in oral cavity of type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: This study involved 90 adults, 60 with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects, aged 45-65 years. With regard to value of HbA1c level diabetics were divided into two groups: 30 subjects with satisfactory glycoregulation (HbA1c<9%) and 30 subjects with poor glycoregulation (HbA1c≥9%). All patients recruited into the study completed a questionnaire that included their demographic, medical and oral health data. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was performed by a single examiner. Results: In relation to the presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia between satisfactory controlled diabetics and healthy subjects a significant difference was observed (p<0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, poor controlled diabetics had significantly higher presence of xerostomia (p<0.001) and neurosensory disoders (p<0.05). A higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found in poor controlled diabetics, but significant difference between groups was not observed (p>0.05). A significant positive correlation was revealed between smoking and glossodynia as well as smoking and glossopyrosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemic control level seems to influence the susceptibility of type 2 diabetics to xerostomia and neurosensory disorders. Less clear is whether diabetes are corellated to oral mucosal lesions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Nailfold Capillaries in Type 2 Diabetics with a Noninvasive Method: Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyit Uyar ◽  
Ayşe Balkarlı ◽  
Muhammet Kazım Erol ◽  
Bayram Yeşil ◽  
Abdullah Tokuç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Nailfold Capillaroscopy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Nailfold Capillaries

Background and Objectives. Nailfold capillaroscopy is an easy and noninvasive technique used to investigate dermal microvasculature. Traditional investigations of vascularity do not detect changes until they are well-established in type 2 diabetics. The objective of the current study was to evaluate nailfold capillaries in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to determine the association of retinopathy with changes in the nailfold capillaries.Materials and Methods. Capillaroscopic findings by nailfold capillaroscopy and fundoscopic examinations were assessed in 216 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 101 healthy controls included in this prospective study.Results. Retinopathy was detected in 43.05% of diabetic patients (n=93). Capillaroscopic findings including tortuosity (p<0.001), bushy capillary (p<0.001), neoformation (p<0.001), bizarre capillary (p<0.001), microhemorrhage (p=0.001), capillary ectasia (p=0.002), and aneurysm (p=0.004) were significantly higher in diabetic group than control group. In logistic regression analysis, only tortuosity was shown significant (OR, 2.16;p=0.036). There was also a significant relation between diabetes duration and most of the capillaroscopic findings.Conclusion. Capillaroscopic changes were found to be correlated with diabetic retinopathy, in particular with longer disease duration in our study. Capillaroscopic imaging could be a useful new technique for assessment of diabetic microvascular changes.

scholarly journals Study of Electrolyte Levels in Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Qadri Rasyid ◽  
Muawanah Usman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group B

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder / disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) with changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the body due to disruption in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. These metabolic changes affect the concentration of electrolytes. Electrolytes contained in the body play an important role in many body processes, such as controlling fluid levels, acid base balance (pH), nerve conduction, blood clotting and muscle contraction. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the most common macroelectrolytes and correlate with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined the prevalence of diabetes and its relationship to electrolyte concentrations in 28 subjects, divided into two groups: group A consisted of 14 diabetic patients in Labuang Baji Hospital and group B consisting of 14 non-diabetic subjects. The results of the research conducted showed that serum electrolyte levels (Na +, K +, Cl-) for the control were all in the normal range. In contrast, serum electrolyte (Na +, Cl-) levels have two patients who have Na + electrolyte levels below the normal range.  

scholarly journals Efficacy of green jackfruit flour as a medical nutrition therapy replacing rice or wheat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gopal Rao ◽  
K. Sunil Naik ◽  
A. G. Unnikrishnan ◽  
James Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Abstract Background/Objectives Medical nutrition therapy along with pharmacological interventions as a multidisciplinary approach is required to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the efficacy of Jackfruit365™ green jackfruit flour as an integral part of daily meal in patients with T2DM. Subjects/Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted between May 2019 and February 2020. Patients of either sex aged ≥18 to ≤60 years with a diagnosis of T2DM for >1 year receiving oral antihyperglycemic agents were randomized (1:1) to receive either jackfruit flour 30 g/day (Group A) or placebo flour (Group B) (breakfast and dinner) daily for 12 weeks replacing an equal volume of rice or wheat flour. The primary endpoint was a mean change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Other endpoints were mean changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), lipid profile, and body weight. The independent t-test was used to compare changes between the groups. Results A total of 40 patients were enrolled (n = 20 each). A significantly higher reduction in HbA1c was observed in Group A compared to Group B from baseline to week 12 [−2.73 mmol/mol (−0.25%) vs. 0.22 mmol/mol (0.02%), p = 0.006]. The mean change in FPG and PPG was significantly higher in Group A than that of Group B (p = 0.043 and p = 0.001). The continuous glucose monitoring showed decreasing mean blood glucose in 7 days of administration of jackfruit flour meal. Conclusion Patients from Group A had a significantly higher reduction in HbA1c, FPG, and PPG than Group B demonstrating the efficacy of jackfruit flour in glycemic control as medical nutrition therapy replacing an equal volume of rice or wheat flour in daily meal. Clinical trial registry CTRI/2019/05/019417.

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical outcomes of sitagliptin+metformin combination and glimepiride in the management of uncomplicated type 2 diabetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Jarinabanu Tahashildar ◽  
Ravi Shekhar Singh ◽  
Jameela Tahashildar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: To evaluate the comparison of clinical outcomes of sitagliptin +metformin and glimepride in uncomplicated Type-2 diabetics.Methods: This one year (July 2016 to August 2017) prospective, open label, observational clinical cohort study was carried out on type-2 diabetics. In this study 299 Type-2 diabetics patients were enrolled and were randomly allocated to two groups viz Group A and Group B. Group A received sitaglitin+metformin (50+500) mg/day and Group B received glimepride 1mg/day respectively. The follow up started after 10 days of stabilization of the patient and data recorded on 10th day was considered Zero month data and follow up continued up to Six month in each group. Comparison of FPG, PPG and HbA1c was evaluated between zero and six months within group and at six month between groups. Adverse events were recorded and summarized by treatment group.Results: At the end of six months follow up the patients of Group A who received sitaglitin+metformin (50+500) mg/day had greater reduction in FPG, PPG and HbA1c (all P<0.001) was recorded when compared between zero and six month within group. A significant reduction in FPG, PPG and HbA1c (all P<0.01) also recorded in Group B who received glimepride 1mg/day when compared between zero and six months within group. A statically significant difference (all P<0.05) was recorded at six months between group. The adverse events like hypoglycemic episodes, gastrointestinal adverse events etc were greater in Group B than Group A. Changes in weight also noted in both Groups. Weight loss in Group A and weight gain in Group B was recorded.Conclusions: The present study suggests that a significant difference may be existing in the clinical outcome interm of glycemia control and adverse events between sitagliptin+metformin combination and glimepride in type-2 diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of saftey and cost effectiveness of atorvastatin 40 mg daily, rosuvastatin 20 mg daily and rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day in 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2069
Author(s):  
Durgesh Mani Upadhyay ◽  
Minhaz Ahmad ◽  
Mukul Misra ◽  
Sandeep Chawdhary ◽  
S. C. Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes is recognized as a “coronary heart disease risk equivalent”. This happens because high rates of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients which is thought to be one of the major factors leading to the high percentage of deaths among diabetics due to cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: The study aims to compare the cost effectiveness and tolerance or safety profile of atorvastatin 40 mg daily and rosuvastatin 20 mg daily and on alternate day. This prospective observational study was conducted in 300, type-2 diabetes mellitus patients between November 2013 and 2014.Results: The total CK level increased after 6 weeks among patients on atorvastatin 40 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg, and rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was stastically significant although it was within accepted normal range. None of the patients reported to have muscle symptoms i.e. myalgia. SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin levels with atorvastatin 40 mg were statistically insignificant. Same was the case with rosuvastatin 20 mg daily. However the SGOT and bilrubin level increased with rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was statistically significant, but was within normal range, we attribute it to chance. The cost obviously has shown to half in rosuvastatin 20 mg on alternate day.Conclusions: Atorvastatin 40 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was statically significant (p<.0010). SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin with atorvastatin 40 mg were statistically insignificant. Same was case with rosuvastatin 20 mg daily. SGOT, bilirubin level increased with rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day was statistically significant. Cost obviously shown to half in rosuvastatin 20 mg alternate day.

scholarly journals Role of nitrosative and oxidative stress in neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan S Al-Nimer ◽  
Fakhir S Al-Ani ◽  
Fatima S Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oxidized Lipoproteins

ABSTRACT Objectives : Evidences of oxidative and/or nitrosative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus were demonstrated in experimental and human studies. This study is aimed to assess the serum peroxynitrite and oxidized lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with clinical and laboratory evidences of peripheral neuropathy. Materials and Methods : Eighty four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (51 of them had neuropathy) and 31 apparent healthy subjects were studied in the unit of neurophysiology at the University Hospital of Medical College, Al-Nahrin University in Baghdad, Iraq. Neuropathy total symptom score (NTSS), neuropathy impairment score in the lower leg (NIS-LL), and nerve conduction velocity of sensory (ulnar and sural) and motor (ulnar and common peroneal) nerves were used to assess the neuropathy. Fasting venous blood was obtained from each participant for the determination of serum glucose and oxidized lipoproteins. Results: The electrophysiology study revealed significant decrease in conduction velocity of ulnar (sensory and motor components), sural, and common peroneal nerves in diabetic neuropathy compared to diabetics without neuropathy and healthy subjects. Significant high level of serum peroxynitrite was found in diabetic patients with or without neuropathy compared with non-diabetics. The changes in serum-oxidized lipoproteins in patients with diabetics with or without neuropathy were non-significantly differed from healthy subjects. Neither nitrosative stress nor oxidative stress indices correlated with the variables that are related to the neuropathy. Conclusion: It concludes that evidence of nitrosative and to less extent the oxidative stress is associated with neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their indices not correlated with variables related to neuropathy.

scholarly journals The relationship between biochemical parameters and antibody avidity in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
A. M. Efendiyev ◽  
G. I. Azizova ◽  
G. R. Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Antibody Avidity ◽  
Immune Parameters

We evaluated some biochemical and immune parameters, such as IgA, IgM, IgG, CIC, phagocytic index, T-lymphocytes, as well as avidity of antibodies in type 2 diabetic patients.Avidity, high- and low-avid antibody ratio was determined by test-systems for express-diagnostics of clinical and preclinical forms of immunologic deficiency. All patients (n = 47), depending on the level of glycemia and disease duration were divided into 3 groups: in the stage of compensation, subcompensation and decompensation. Control group included 17 healthy subjects.Value of high-avid antibodies in diabetes mellitus patients decreased in 75, 57 and 26% respectively, whereas in healthy subjects it is 89%. Conversely, increased amount of low-avid antibodies was observed, respectively 25, 43, and 74% (11% in control).These parameters prove antibody-folding disorders in diabetes mellitus and show that, change of metabolic parameters affects antibody avidity: G class high-avid antibody level decreases and shows weak protective function. This indicates functional disorders in B-system immunity.

scholarly journals Study of Thyroid Disorders in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
pp. 2669-2673
Author(s):  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Rajan Goyal ◽  
Nitin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Prerna Prerna ◽  
Abhinav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

BACKGROUND Patients with DM are at increased risk of thyroid disease, especially those with poor glycaemic control. The following mechanisms are thought to be responsible. In patients with DM, the nocturnal TSH peak is blunted or abolished; the TSH response to TRH, from the hypothalamus, is impaired thus leading to hypothyroidism. We wanted to study the thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital. METHODS This is an analytical observational study conducted among 100 type 2 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic patients attending medicine OPD in the Department of General Medicine of Narayan Medical College & Hospital, Jamuhar, Distt. Rohtas over a 6- month period from Oct 2019 to April 2020. RESULTS The mean age of group A and group B was found to be 51.79 ± 10.374 and 49.86 ± 9.538 respectively. In group A (diabetes mellitus patients), 71 (71 %) patients were euthyroid whereas in group B (healthy individuals) 84 (84 %) patients were euthyroid. In Group A (diabetes mellitus group) either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism was seen in 26 (26 %) patients and hyperthyroidism was seen in 3 (3 %) patients. In Group B (healthy individuals) either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism was seen in 14 (14 %) patients and hyperthyroidism was seen in 2 (2 %) patients. CONCLUSIONS The comparison of the patients of control and cases groups on the basis of whether they had a normal or abnormal thyroid function test showed that patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (Group A) were more likely to be having abnormal thyroid function test as compared to healthy individuals (Group B) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.027). KEYWORDS Type 2 DM, Hypothyroid, Hyperglycaemia, Hyperthyroid

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document