scholarly journals Human teeth as a reliable age marker: A study on migrant labour population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Anupama J Anand ◽  
Anand Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Demirjian Method

Age is one among the factors which is supposed to be identified in establishing identity of an unknown or deceased person. It is found to be more reliable and accurate to determine the age of a person. The determination of age can be achieved from various physical markers present in body, this includes teeth, bones, and skull. There is certain age where the long bones tend to complete their growth, the growth of skull is well marked by the time of order of their suture closures. A well-developed cranial bone depicts that it is intersected with a suture. besides the bone and skull another reliable physical marker is the human teeth, teeth is considered to be the hardest tissue in humans which is not affected by the factors such as heat, temperature, moisture etc. it is an effective identifier in cases of mass disaster where it is practically impossible to determine the identity of the person through the bones available from the crime site. Teeth is a very important factor to determine the age in disputed cases. Since the age can be estimated even from skeletal remains, teeth are preferred for estimation in certain cases as it is considered to be one among the hardest tissues of the human body. Teeth has got a very unique feature as it cannot be destroyed by heat or any thermal factors or other environmental factors. This property of the teeth has to be effectively utilized for age estimation. The following study was conducted on migrant workers working on a peeling company, the purpose behind the study is to determine whether all the workers have 18 years of age and to ensure that no or none of them are working below the age of 18. There are certain cases reporting that some of these workers have found committing impersonating forgery claiming to be above 18 years of age. The study is specifically to find the age of workers by examining the teeth and also to find if any forgery is done or not. This study was also done to check whether labor laws has been violated or not in accordance with the Constitution of India, no child below the age fourteen years of age shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment, therefore employment of a child under the age of 14 years is punishable by law (child labor prohibition and regulation act of 2012). The need of the study arises from this very fact that the proof of age is not an authenticated document. With repeated reports of forgery regarding the proof of age, submitting ration card as proof of age. And in the wake of current scenarios to ensure that no child is exploited in any kind of ways. The study was done on migrant labor population working in a factory and the estimation is carried out using the Demirjian method along with Acharya’s India specific value and the probable age of the respondents are calculated.

scholarly journals “AKU MASIH CINTA INDONESIA”: STUDI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME DALAM KELUARGA PADA ANAK-ANAK BURUH MIGRAN INDONESIA DI MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Dimas Teguh Prasetyo ◽  
Tarma ◽  
Vera Utami Gede Putri
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Family

Fenomena migrasi yang dilakukan oleh para buruh migran Indonesia di Malaysia menyisakan cerita terutama bagi anak-anak yang lahir dan ikut bersama orangtuanya bermigrasi. Orangtua yang memiliki fungsi pendidikan dalam keluarga dituntut mampu memberikan pendidikan informal kepada anak-anak mereka untuk selalu mencintai dan menanamkan jiwa nasionalisme dalam diri mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga terhadap karakter nasionalisme pada anak-anak buruh migran Indonesia di Malaysia. Studi ini merupakan penelitian korelasional yang dilakukan kepada 30 anak-anak di PKBM X Estate, Bintulu, Serawak, Malaysia. Hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga terhadap karakter nasionalisme anak. Koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini sebesar 25,50% yang menunjukkan bahwa besarnya karakter nasionalisme anak yang dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa keluarga terutama orangtua memiliki peran yang penting dalam menciptakan dan mengembangkan karakter nasionalisme anak meskipun sedang berada dan tinggal di luar Indonesia. Kata Kunci: anak buruh migran, fungsi keluarga, karakter nasionalisme, pendidikan karakter    "I Still Love Indonesia": Study of Nationalism Character Education in Families in Indonesian Migrant Worker in Malaysia Abstract The migration phenomenon conducted by Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia leaves stories especially for children born and who are with their parents migrating. Parents who have the function of education in the family are required to provide informal education to their children to always love and instill the soul of nationalism within them. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of character education of nationalism in the family against the character of nationalism on the children of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. This is a correlational study conducted to 30 children in Community Learing Center (CLC) X Estate, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The result shows that there was a positive correlation between character education of nationalism in the family and nationalism character of migrant labor children. It shows that family especially parents have important  role to create and develop child nationalism whether they live in out of Indonesia. Keywords: character education, child labor migran, family function, nationalism character

The Equal Migrant Labor Distribution through Indonesia Labor Law Policy in ASEAN Economic Community Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Emilia Fitriana DEWI ◽  
Agus MULYA ◽  
An CHANDRAWULAN ◽  
Yani PUJIWATI ◽  
Achmad GHAZALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Administrative Sanctions ◽  
Desk Research

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) currently requires diverse economic agreements and laws across the region because it moves in a robust multilateral connection based on political, industry, welfares, services, and especially migrant workers. Indonesia, as the largest provider of migrant workers, should have been prepared to deal with the cases of migrant workers. There is a need to build up consensus and appropriate Indonesian labor laws, such as the establishment of multi-partite bodies for purposes of recognition in the ASEAN Economic Community. Thus, this paper attempts to analyze the current existing labor laws in Indonesia. External desk research was employed in this study as the methodology. The results found that the several laws do not meet the needs of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers concerning the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Abroad. There has not yet provided proportional tasks and authority between the Central Government, Regional Governments, and the private sector. The implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers requires strict supervision and law enforcement. The supervision including protection before work, during work, and after work, and law enforcement should accommodate the administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions.  

scholarly journals COVID-19, Racial Capitalism, and Undocumented Bangladeshi Agricultural Workers in Manolada, Greece

Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Bangladeshi Migrants ◽  
Of Greece

This article uses the example of undocumented Bangladeshi migrants in the strawberry sector of Greece to highlight how racial capitalism heightens the health vulnerabilities of racialized low-class migrant workers and exposes them to a greater risk of COVID-19 transmission. Race-based devaluation of workers intersects with migrant illegality and culturally-specific masculine norms to normalize a discourse of healthcare “undeservingness” for undocumented racialized migrants. Unfree labor is legislated through restrictive migrant labor laws and selective detention and deportation of “illegal” migrants. Structural and systemic discriminations increase health precarities for undocumented agricultural workers.

Quiet struggles: Migrant farmworkers, informal labor, and everyday resistance in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Cohen ◽  
Elise Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Everyday Resistance

Utilizing James C. Scott’s germinal concept of everyday resistance, we examine the subtle, daily acts of resistance carried out by Mexican and Jamaican migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. We argue that despite finding themselves in situations of formidable constraint, migrant farmworkers utilize a variety of “weapons of the weak” that undermine the strict regulation of their employment by employers and state authorities. We also argue that everyday forms of resistance are important political acts and as such, they warrant inclusion in scholarly examinations. Indeed, by reading these methods neither as “real” resistance nor as political, we risk reproducing the same systems of power that de-legitimize the actions, agency, and political consciousness of subaltern and oppressed peoples. After a brief discussion on the concept of everyday resistance, we provide an overview of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP), establishing the conditions that drive migrant workers to resist and drawing connections between the regulatory framework of the SAWP, the informality of the agricultural sector, and migrant labor. Finally, we examine specific instances of resistance that we documented over 3 recent years through ethnographic fieldwork and as community organizers with a grassroots migrant justice organization. We assert the importance of situating migrants’ everyday acts of resistance at the center of conceptualizations of the broader movement for migrant justice in Canada and worldwide.

Child Labor Laws

1908 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 330-332
Author(s):  
Albert J. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Child Labor Laws

scholarly journals Policy Entrepreneurs and the Origins of the Regulatory Welfare State: Child Labor Reform in Nineteenth-Century Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Labor Reform ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Child Labor Laws

Industrial child labor laws were the earliest manifestation of the modern regulatory welfare state. Why, despite the absence of political pressure from below, did some states (but not others) succeed in legislating working hours, minimum ages, and schooling requirements for working children in the first half of the nineteenth century? I use case studies of the politics behind the first child labor laws in Germany and France, alongside a case study of a failed child labor reform effort in Belgium, to answer this question. I show that existing structural, class-based, and institutional theories of the welfare state are insufficient to explain why child labor laws came about. Highlighting instead the previously neglected role of elite policy entrepreneurs, I argue that the success or failure of early nineteenth-century child labor laws depended on these actors’ social skill, pragmatic creativity, and goal-directedness. At the same time, their actions and influence were conditioned by their field position and the architecture of the policy field. By specifying the qualities and conditions that enable policy entrepreneurs to build the alliances needed to effect policy change, this analysis lends precision to the general claim that their agency matters.

scholarly journals Determination of chemical elements and cross-section hardness of sclerotic darkened human dentin

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Yugo Souza ◽  
Laura Celia Fernandes Meirelles ◽  
Isabela Roberta Vieira Duque ◽  
Mariane Cintra Mailart ◽  
Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tooth Remineralization ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Mg Content

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to assess the amount of chemical elements (Ca, O, C, P, Fe, and Mg) and the cross-section hardness of sclerotic darkened dentin in human teeth. <strong>Material</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: The study was approved by the local IRB and ten extracted teeth (five sound and five presenting sclerotic darkened dentin) were used. Tooth was sectioned mesiodistally and each half was used for each test. Amount of chemical elements (%w) was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in three different dentin areas (shallow, medium, or deep sound or sclerotic dentin). Knoop microhardness was determined at the same EDS areas. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and multiple comparison tests, with significance level at 5%. <strong>Results</strong>: No difference on microhardness was detected between sound and sclerotic dentin (p = 0.743) and also among dentin depths (p = 0.837). Lower Ca (p = 0.024) and higher C (p = 0.015) amounts were found at superficial sclerotic dentin. Increased Mg content (p &lt; 0.001) was detected in sound dentin. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It was concluded darkened sclerotic dentin presents similar cross-section microhardness to sound dentin. The assessed chemical elements were similarly present in sound or sclerotic dentin, except for Mg, which was present higher concentration in sound dentin. Ca and P were lower in superficial sclerotic dentin.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Dentin; Hardness; Minerals; Tooth Remineralization.</p>

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