scholarly journals COVID-19, Racial Capitalism, and Undocumented Bangladeshi Agricultural Workers in Manolada, Greece

Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Bangladeshi Migrants ◽  
Of Greece

This article uses the example of undocumented Bangladeshi migrants in the strawberry sector of Greece to highlight how racial capitalism heightens the health vulnerabilities of racialized low-class migrant workers and exposes them to a greater risk of COVID-19 transmission. Race-based devaluation of workers intersects with migrant illegality and culturally-specific masculine norms to normalize a discourse of healthcare “undeservingness” for undocumented racialized migrants. Unfree labor is legislated through restrictive migrant labor laws and selective detention and deportation of “illegal” migrants. Structural and systemic discriminations increase health precarities for undocumented agricultural workers.

The Equal Migrant Labor Distribution through Indonesia Labor Law Policy in ASEAN Economic Community Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Emilia Fitriana DEWI ◽  
Agus MULYA ◽  
An CHANDRAWULAN ◽  
Yani PUJIWATI ◽  
Achmad GHAZALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Administrative Sanctions ◽  
Desk Research

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) currently requires diverse economic agreements and laws across the region because it moves in a robust multilateral connection based on political, industry, welfares, services, and especially migrant workers. Indonesia, as the largest provider of migrant workers, should have been prepared to deal with the cases of migrant workers. There is a need to build up consensus and appropriate Indonesian labor laws, such as the establishment of multi-partite bodies for purposes of recognition in the ASEAN Economic Community. Thus, this paper attempts to analyze the current existing labor laws in Indonesia. External desk research was employed in this study as the methodology. The results found that the several laws do not meet the needs of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers concerning the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Abroad. There has not yet provided proportional tasks and authority between the Central Government, Regional Governments, and the private sector. The implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers requires strict supervision and law enforcement. The supervision including protection before work, during work, and after work, and law enforcement should accommodate the administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions.  

scholarly journals Human teeth as a reliable age marker: A study on migrant labour population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Anupama J Anand ◽  
Anand Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Demirjian Method

Age is one among the factors which is supposed to be identified in establishing identity of an unknown or deceased person. It is found to be more reliable and accurate to determine the age of a person. The determination of age can be achieved from various physical markers present in body, this includes teeth, bones, and skull. There is certain age where the long bones tend to complete their growth, the growth of skull is well marked by the time of order of their suture closures. A well-developed cranial bone depicts that it is intersected with a suture. besides the bone and skull another reliable physical marker is the human teeth, teeth is considered to be the hardest tissue in humans which is not affected by the factors such as heat, temperature, moisture etc. it is an effective identifier in cases of mass disaster where it is practically impossible to determine the identity of the person through the bones available from the crime site. Teeth is a very important factor to determine the age in disputed cases. Since the age can be estimated even from skeletal remains, teeth are preferred for estimation in certain cases as it is considered to be one among the hardest tissues of the human body. Teeth has got a very unique feature as it cannot be destroyed by heat or any thermal factors or other environmental factors. This property of the teeth has to be effectively utilized for age estimation. The following study was conducted on migrant workers working on a peeling company, the purpose behind the study is to determine whether all the workers have 18 years of age and to ensure that no or none of them are working below the age of 18. There are certain cases reporting that some of these workers have found committing impersonating forgery claiming to be above 18 years of age. The study is specifically to find the age of workers by examining the teeth and also to find if any forgery is done or not. This study was also done to check whether labor laws has been violated or not in accordance with the Constitution of India, no child below the age fourteen years of age shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment, therefore employment of a child under the age of 14 years is punishable by law (child labor prohibition and regulation act of 2012). The need of the study arises from this very fact that the proof of age is not an authenticated document. With repeated reports of forgery regarding the proof of age, submitting ration card as proof of age. And in the wake of current scenarios to ensure that no child is exploited in any kind of ways. The study was done on migrant labor population working in a factory and the estimation is carried out using the Demirjian method along with Acharya’s India specific value and the probable age of the respondents are calculated.

scholarly journals Migration Labor Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Maria Pitukhina
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Social Explanations ◽  
History Of

This study continues to discuss the various legislative structures associated with migrant workers 'unfree labor;' as it also continues to question as to how a set of laws and standards regarding international labor will articulate and justify this problem adequately and would then attempt to fix it. The study continually relates to the exploitative, enforced labor activities, involving slavery, debt slavery, forced labor and trading in labor. A "labor -based framework" could possibly be regarded as an empirical paradigm that takes into account the political and economic history of exploitation; emphasizes on the deterrence and social explanations for inequality and abuse rather than on the enforcement of slavery; recognizes the value of labor rights and other labor market regulatory frameworks and considers the progression of spectrum within these regards.

Inter‐ethnic and labour‐community coalitions in class struggle in Taiwan since the advent of temporary immigration

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Community Coalitions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Temporary Migrants

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the class dimensions of racism in Taiwan against temporary migrant workers and migrants' efforts to build inter‐ethnic and labour‐community coalitions in struggle against racism.Design/methodology/approachAn important source of data for this study were the unstructured interview. Between September 2000 and December 2005, more than 50 temporary migrants and their support groups in Taiwan were interviewed, specifically about migrants' experiences of racism and their resistance strategies. These interviews were conducted face‐to‐face, sometimes with the assistance of translators. Between 2001 and 2007, some 70 people were interviewed by telephone, between Australia and Taiwan.FindingsIn Taiwan, temporary migrants suffer the racism of exploitation in that capital and the state “racially” categorize them as suitable only for the lowest paid and least appealing jobs. Migrants also suffer neglect by and exclusion from the labour unions. However, migrants have succeeded, on occasions, in class mobilization by building powerful inter‐ethnic ties as well as coalitions with some labor unions, local organizations and human rights lobbies.Research limitations/implicationsThe research raises implications for understanding the economic, social and political conditions which influence the emergence of inter‐ethnic bonds and labour‐community coalitions in class struggle.Practical implicationsThe research will contribute to a greater appreciation among Taiwan's labour activists of the real subordination of temporary migrant labour to capital and of the benefits of supporting migrants' mobilization efforts. These benefits can flow not only to migrants but also to the labour unions.Originality/valueA significant body of academic literature has recently emerged on temporary and illegal migrants' efforts to engage the union movements of industrialized host countries. There is a dearth, however, of academic research on the capacity of temporary migrants to invigorate union activism in Asia, including Taiwan.

Quiet struggles: Migrant farmworkers, informal labor, and everyday resistance in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Cohen ◽  
Elise Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Everyday Resistance

Utilizing James C. Scott’s germinal concept of everyday resistance, we examine the subtle, daily acts of resistance carried out by Mexican and Jamaican migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. We argue that despite finding themselves in situations of formidable constraint, migrant farmworkers utilize a variety of “weapons of the weak” that undermine the strict regulation of their employment by employers and state authorities. We also argue that everyday forms of resistance are important political acts and as such, they warrant inclusion in scholarly examinations. Indeed, by reading these methods neither as “real” resistance nor as political, we risk reproducing the same systems of power that de-legitimize the actions, agency, and political consciousness of subaltern and oppressed peoples. After a brief discussion on the concept of everyday resistance, we provide an overview of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP), establishing the conditions that drive migrant workers to resist and drawing connections between the regulatory framework of the SAWP, the informality of the agricultural sector, and migrant labor. Finally, we examine specific instances of resistance that we documented over 3 recent years through ethnographic fieldwork and as community organizers with a grassroots migrant justice organization. We assert the importance of situating migrants’ everyday acts of resistance at the center of conceptualizations of the broader movement for migrant justice in Canada and worldwide.

scholarly journals “AKU MASIH CINTA INDONESIA”: STUDI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER NASIONALISME DALAM KELUARGA PADA ANAK-ANAK BURUH MIGRAN INDONESIA DI MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Dimas Teguh Prasetyo ◽  
Tarma ◽  
Vera Utami Gede Putri
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Family

Fenomena migrasi yang dilakukan oleh para buruh migran Indonesia di Malaysia menyisakan cerita terutama bagi anak-anak yang lahir dan ikut bersama orangtuanya bermigrasi. Orangtua yang memiliki fungsi pendidikan dalam keluarga dituntut mampu memberikan pendidikan informal kepada anak-anak mereka untuk selalu mencintai dan menanamkan jiwa nasionalisme dalam diri mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga terhadap karakter nasionalisme pada anak-anak buruh migran Indonesia di Malaysia. Studi ini merupakan penelitian korelasional yang dilakukan kepada 30 anak-anak di PKBM X Estate, Bintulu, Serawak, Malaysia. Hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga terhadap karakter nasionalisme anak. Koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini sebesar 25,50% yang menunjukkan bahwa besarnya karakter nasionalisme anak yang dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan karakter nasionalisme dalam keluarga. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa keluarga terutama orangtua memiliki peran yang penting dalam menciptakan dan mengembangkan karakter nasionalisme anak meskipun sedang berada dan tinggal di luar Indonesia. Kata Kunci: anak buruh migran, fungsi keluarga, karakter nasionalisme, pendidikan karakter    "I Still Love Indonesia": Study of Nationalism Character Education in Families in Indonesian Migrant Worker in Malaysia Abstract The migration phenomenon conducted by Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia leaves stories especially for children born and who are with their parents migrating. Parents who have the function of education in the family are required to provide informal education to their children to always love and instill the soul of nationalism within them. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of character education of nationalism in the family against the character of nationalism on the children of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. This is a correlational study conducted to 30 children in Community Learing Center (CLC) X Estate, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The result shows that there was a positive correlation between character education of nationalism in the family and nationalism character of migrant labor children. It shows that family especially parents have important  role to create and develop child nationalism whether they live in out of Indonesia. Keywords: character education, child labor migran, family function, nationalism character

Multi-ethnic Macao: from global village to migrant metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Cathryn H. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Engagement ◽  
Ethnic Category ◽  
Policy Statements

Purpose In the past 20 years, Macao has experienced phenomenal economic growth driven by the liberalization of its casino sector. This growth has been enabled by massive influxes of foreign capital and migrant labor that have dramatically altered the city’s ethnic landscape. In this paper, the author examines the demographic changes Macao has experienced as a result of the casino boom, and situates the city’s current economic growth and ethnic diversification within its long history as a multi-ethnic city. Design/methodology/approach Building on Nancy Foner’s notion of “contexts of settlement,” the study draws on census materials, policy statements, newspaper articles and ethnographic materials to examine how changing ideologies of globalization help shape the categories through which ethnic diversity itself is conceptualized. Findings The paper has three main findings. First, despite the Macao government’s multicultural rhetoric, its labor and residency policies that prevent migrant workers from settling in Macao may paradoxically serve to maintain the ethnic status quo ante. Second, the new contexts of settlement engendered by Macao’s casino globalization may be amplifying fissures within the ethnic category “Chinese.” And third, discourses of globalization, regulations on immigration, and classificatory systems governing ethnic diversity that were instituted under Portuguese rule have both helped shape these new contexts and been reworked in the process. Originality/value As the processes of urbanization, economic integration and transnational migration continue to accelerate throughout East Asia, the goal of creating inclusive, equitable multi-ethnic urban societies will require closer examination of the relationship between particular modes and ideologies of “global” engagement, patterns of and policies toward migration and the concepts and categories through which diversity is measured. This approach to understanding multi-ethnic Macao may serve as an example.

scholarly journals The political economy of unfree labor and the state: An Indonesian case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Benni Yusriza
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
Trafficking Victims

Employing the concept of unfree labor, this article explores the role of the state in reinforcing victims’ vulnerability and shaping the political economy of trafficking practices. Based on a case study of trafficking victims in Benjina and Ambon, Maluku Province, Indonesia, I argue that Indonesian authorities’ intervention was driven not by humanitarian interest, nor by the concern for the protection of migrant workers’ rights, but rather by the intent to advance a political and economic agenda against the Thai fishing industry. Consequently, the intervention ignored the exploitative relations of production that underpinned the vulnerability of victims, despite being conducted in the name of victim-protection and improving livelihoods.

Visible Bodies, Invisible Work: State Practices toward Migrant Women Domestic Workers in Malaysia

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B.N. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Invisible Work ◽  
State Involvement

The changing characteristics of labor migration in Asia today elicit an important question regarding the nature and consequences of state involvement in the entry and employment of low wage migrant workers. This paper offers an analysis of the labor-receiving state's practices toward migrant women domestic workers in Malaysia. I ascertain that the exercise of a particular kind of state power as evinced from policies and legislation, consistently make visible migrant womens' presence in society even as their labor in households is rendered invisible. A key consequence of this is the fragmentation of public support for migrant workers, and the contraction of what can be considered legitimate space for Malaysian NGO advocacy on migrant labor rights. To counteract this, some NGOs have adopted alternative strategies and targets that begin to reveal the possibility for constructing alternative forms of governance.

Guest Workers and Resistance to U.S. Corporate Despotism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Ness
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Labor Costs

This book thoroughly investigates the use of guest workers in the United States, the largest recipient of migrant labor in the world. The book argues that the use of migrant labor is increasing in importance and represents despotic practices calculated by key U.S. business leaders in the global economy to lower labor costs and expand profits under the guise of filling a shortage of labor for substandard or scarce skilled jobs. The book shows how worker migration and guest worker programs weaken the power of labor in both sending and receiving countries. The in-depth case studies of the rapid expansion of technology and industrial workers from India and hospitality workers from Jamaica reveal how these programs expose guest workers to employers' abuses and class tensions in their home countries while decreasing jobs for American workers and undermining U.S. organized labor. Where other studies of labor migration focus on undocumented immigrant labor and contend immigrants fill jobs that others do not want, this is the first to truly advance understanding of the role of migrant labor in the transformation of the working class in the early twenty-first century. Questioning why global capitalists must rely on migrant workers for economic sustenance, the book rejects the notion that temporary workers enthusiastically go to the United States for low-paying jobs. Instead, the book asserts the motivations for improving living standards in the United States are greatly exaggerated by the media and details the ways organized labor ought to be protecting the interests of American and guest workers in the United States.

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