scholarly journals A study on catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens causing CAUTI from a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Archana Rao K ◽  
Vishwajith ◽  
Ritika Sahkare ◽  
Sangeetha S
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), remains the commonest hospital-acquired infection (HAI). This emphasizes the need to implement and monitor effective infection control programs to reduce the risk of CAUTI. Aim of the present study was to determine the etiology with antibiotic susceptibility and also to calculate CAUTI rate. The Patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital who were on urinary catheter insertion for >48 hours from 1 August, 2019 to 30 September, 2019 were included in the study. Under aseptic conditions urine samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of CAUTI, the samples were processed in the department of Microbiology, as per standard protocols. Uropathogens were isolated, identified and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. CAUTI rate was calculated and results were noted. Among 460 patients on catheter in ICU, 28(6%) patients developed clinical signs or symptoms of UTI. Of 28 urine samples cultured, 4(14%) yielded growth of single organis [Escherichia coli (3), Klebsiella (1)] and 24(86%) showed no evidence of growth. 2300 catheter days were obtained of 460 patients on indwelling catheter in ICU. Thus CAUTI rate was 1.74 per 1000 catheter days over a 2 month period.CAUTI remained a great burden to patient safety and a challenge to the infection control team. Implementation of proper care bundles and continuous education to health care workers plays a key role in reducing the CAUTI rates, thereby decreasing the morbidity and hospital stay to the patients.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Janakpurdham, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5692-5697
Author(s):  
Dr. Digbijay Kumar Thakur ◽  
Dr. Rameshwar Mahaseth ◽  
Dr. Shambhu Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are most common bacterial infection in routine clinical practice. It is also most common nosocomial infection in many hospitals. Antibiotics are usually given empirically before urine culture reports available and treatment failure rate used to be significantly high. Study of causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern are important factors helping formulating antibiotic policy. Generally, most common uropathogene is Escherichia Coli. Tertiary care hospitals, catering of already partially treated or mal treated patients as major chunk, may have varying etiologies and different sensitivity patterns. Objective: To study the culture and sensitivity patterns of urinary tract infections in patients presenting with urinary symptoms in local hospitals. Study design: A cross sectional study Materials and methods: Study was conducted at Madanta Research Clinic Private Limited from 12th march 021 to 12th September 021. Urine from cases suspected to have symptoms suggestive of UTI were send for bacteriological culture and sensitivity. Demographic profiles of each participant along with pathogen isolated, culture sensitivity pattern was documented. Data analysis was done in IBM spss 25. Results: A total 200 samples were selected for bacteriological culture and sensitivity out of which 32% were male and 68% were female. Around 50% of participants were in age group 20-40. There was no growth in 64% sample. Among positive samples (36%), E. coli (most common) was detected in 91.66%, Klebsiella was detected in 6.94%. Gentamicin, Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin were most common antibiotics sensitive to organisms in culture and Cephalosporins group of antibiotics are commonly resistant. Conclusions: coli is the most common organism isolated in urine culture in our region Janakpur. Cephalosporins are resistant in majority of cases where as Aminoglycosides like Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin are found to be highly sensitive in most of positive cases.

scholarly journals Uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility profile in a tertiary carehospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Anjali Agarwal ◽  
Jyoti Srivastava ◽  
Seema Bose ◽  
Ujjwal Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infections in the community and hospitals. Uropathogens colonize the urinary tract and may ascend to bladder causing cystitis, if left untreated reach kidneys through ureters can be responsible for acute pyelonephritis and cause renal damage. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital.This is an observational study conducted in Microbiology department, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki.A total of 623 urine(mid-stream) samples were collected from indoor and outdoor departments of hospital and culture was done on UTI chromogenic agar using semiquantitative method. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Prevalence of urinary tract infections is 29% in the study. (43%) is the most common micro-organism isolated followed by (13%), (11%), (10.4%), (8.8%), (3.3%), (1.6%), CONS & (1.1%) and (6.6%). The females(56.6%) are more commonly affected than males.In the present study, beta-lactamase inhibitors and aminoglycosides were effective drugs against gram negative bacteria. Vancomycin and linezolid were sensitive in gram positive bacteria. Nitrofurantoin is the promising drug in cases of uncomplicated UTI, and safe to use in pregnancy. High recurrence rates and antimicrobial resistance are responsible for increasing the burden of disease. It is advised to use the antibiotics judiciously as per the hospital antibiotic policy which will help prevent multidrug resistance micro-organism further reducing morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals High multidrug resistance in urinary tract infections in a tertiary hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
S. Shakya ◽  
J. Edwards ◽  
H. A. Gupte ◽  
S. Shrestha ◽  
B. M. Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

SETTING: Tribhuvan University Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, May–October 2019.OBJECTIVE: 1) To describe the bacteriological profile, 2) to identify the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern, and 3) to find the demographic characteristics associated with the presence of bacterial growth and multidrug resistance (MDR) in adult urine samples undergoing culture and drug susceptibility testing.DESIGN: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study using routine laboratory records.RESULTS: Among 11,776 urine samples, 16% (1,865/11,776) were culture-positive, predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (1,159/1,865; 62%). We found a high prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic (1,573/1,865; 84%) and MDR (1,000/1,865; 54%). Resistance to commonly used antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cefepime and ampicillin was high. Patients aged 60 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.7) were more likely to have culture positivity. Patients with age 45 years (45–59 years: aPR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7; 60 years: aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6), male sex (aPR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) and from inpatient settings (aPR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7) had significantly higher prevalence of MDR.CONCLUSION: Urine samples from a tertiary hospital showed high prevalence of E. coli and MDR to routinely used antibiotics, especially among inpatients. Regular surveillance and application of updated antibiograms are crucial to monitor the AMR situation in Nepal.

scholarly journals Microbes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections in toilet-trained Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sialkot, Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Hassan Akhtar ◽  
Abdul Sattar ◽  
Wajiha Rizwan ◽  
Naeem Ahmed Cheema ◽  
Aftab Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: To find out various types of microorganisms causing urinary tract infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among toilet-trained children presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Sialkot District. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Microbiology/Urology, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot. Period: June to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 176 toilet trained children, aged 7 to 15 years, presenting in outpatient department and having culture positive urinary tract infections were enrolled. Demographic information like age, gender and area of residence along with clinical findings, antibiotic sensitivities and resistance patterns were recorded. Mid-stream urine sample was collected from all toilet-trained children and immediately sent to institutional laboratory for urine analysis and urine culture and sensitivities. Results: Out of a total of 176 children, 95 (54.0%) were female and 81 (46.0%) male. Overall mean age was noted to be 10.68+2.42 years while most of the children, 94 (53.4%) were above 10 years of age. Majority of the patients, 98 (55.7%) belonged to rural areas. Eschericia coli were the most common isolate, found among 140 (79.5%) children. Imipenem (98.9%), meropenem (98.9%), piperacillin tazobactam (97.7%), fosfomycin (96.6%), amikacin (95.5%), nitrofurantoin (84.4%), gentamycin (90.9%) and amoxicillin clavulanate (83%) were found to have the highest sensitivities. Conclusion: Eschericia coli were the most common bacterial urinary pathogens in toilet-trained children. Amoxicillin clavulanate, Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin available in oral form showed good sensitivity of 83%, 84.4%, and 96.6% respectively) to commonly found microorganisms. It was also noted that resistance to commonly used antibiotics in our region is rising.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections in children aged 6 months to 5 years presenting with severe acute malnutrition in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Naveen Dangayach ◽  
Hemant Jain
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is more common in malnourished children than in well-nourished children. Malnutrition is associated with immune deficiency which makes affected children more vulnerable to various severe infections. World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as weight-for-height below -3 standard deviations (or Z-scores) or mid upper arm circumference <11.5 cm or visible severe wasting or bilateral pedal edema.Methods: All eligible children were consecutively enrolled in the study. Detailed anthropometry measurements were taken and physical examination was done. Two urine specimens for routine microscopy and culture and sensitivity were sent. Antibiotic therapy was given as per standard protocol/sensitivity pattern. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 IBM Corporation.Results: Prevalence of UTI in our study was 21.54% in children with SAM. UTI was more common in females than males in SAM children with maximum prevalence in less than 24 months of age. MUAC was the most prevalent diagnostic criteria. Fever was the most common presenting symptom, but 36.84% asymptomatic children with SAM had UTI. Increased frequency of micturition had 100% association with UTI. E. coli was the most common isolated bacteria. Most sensitive antibiotic was imipenem. Routinely used antibiotic like ceftriaxone showed significant percentage of resistance.Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of UTI among children with SAM, it is suggested that urine culture should be performed in all children with SAM to diagnose UTI and to treat it on basis of antibiotic sensitivity pattern. 

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