scholarly journals Dr. Father Waclaw Szuniewicz, a forgotten pioneer in refractive surgery and his work in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-794
Author(s):  
Piotr Kanclerz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Posterior Corneal Curvature

Father Wacław Szuniewicz (1891-1963) was a skilled ophthalmic surgeon, missionary, and teacher. For several years he worked in China, afterwards in the United States and in Brazil. The aim of the paper is to present the unanalyzed issues of Szuniewicz’s research regarding corneal refractive surgery. Szuniewicz performed experiments on changing the corneal curvature with anterior, posterior and full-thickness incisions. The results of modifying the anterior and posterior corneal curvature were satisfactory, however, diminished significantly within months after surgery. Corneal band resections were superior in terms of efficacy, however, such an intervention commonly led to complications in animal studies. Szuniewicz’s work was not published during his life. Nevertheless, as a result of strong impact of his personality and ideas, he is frequently considered as a pioneer of corneal refractive surgery.

Laser refractive surgery in the United States Navy

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip F Stanley ◽  
David J Tanzer ◽  
Steven C Schallhorn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laser Refractive Surgery

Tadeusz Krwawicz, MD: The inventor of cryosurgery in ophthalmology

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-356
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzybowski ◽  
Piotr Kanclerz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
Plastic Disk

Tadeusz Krwawicz (1910–1988) pioneered the use of cryosurgery in, as ophthalmology. The idea arose in 1959 while experimenting because on lyophilization to store corneas and lenses for transplantation it was difficult to remove the lens without damage the capsule was usually torn. Subsequent experiments on rabbits revealed that touching the lens with a wire cooled to 203°K (–70°C) resulted in firm attachment of the lens capsule and subcapsular masses. A cryoextractor was developed and employed for clinical use in cataract extraction, likewise in intumescent cataracts and lens subluxation. Cataract surgery utilizing cryoextraction led to substantial progress to ophthalmology by reducing the number of complications, particularly capsule rupture, and resulted in achieving better outcome compared to other methods. This surgery soon and for almost 20 years became a routine method used all around the world in cataract removal. Simultaneously, Krwawicz developed techniques for corneal refractive surgery—partial lamellar removal of the corneal stroma and temporary interlaminar introduction of a plastic disk in order to change the corneal curvature. Krwawicz presented other ophthalmic interests—his research concerned immunology, histology, histochemistry, biochemistry of ocular tissue, and mainly corneal and experimental surgery with a particular focus on the pathology of the cornea.

scholarly journals Low Homeownership in Germany—a Quantitative Exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Kaas ◽  
Georgi Kocharkov ◽  
Edgar Preugschat ◽  
Nawid Siassi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Tax Deductions

Abstract The homeownership rate in Germany is one of the lowest among advanced economies. To better understand this fact, we evaluate the role of specific housing policies that tend to discourage homeownership. In comparison to other countries with higher homeownership such as the United States, Germany has an extensive social housing sector with broad eligibility criteria, high transfer taxes when buying real estate, and no tax deductions for mortgage interest payments by owner-occupiers. We build a life-cycle model with uninsurable income and housing risks and endogenous homeownership in order to quantify the policy impact on homeownership and welfare. Adjusting all three policies has a strong impact on housing tenure choices, closing the gap in homeownership rates between Germany and the United States by about two thirds. At the same time, household welfare would be reduced by moving to a policy regime with low transfer taxes, but it would improve in the absence of social housing, in particular, when coupled with housing subsidies for low-income households.

Availability Of Iron

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-800
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn W Pla ◽  
James C Fritz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
High Incidence

Abstract The high incidence of iron deficiency anemia in the United States and elsewhere is caused by insufficient iron intake, plus poor utilization of many dietary sources of iron. There is need to select assimilable sources of iron for fortification of foods; animal studies show that many of the iron compounds used for cereal enrichment are poorly utilized. A method to measure availability of iron is proposed and is currently being studied collaboratively. Preliminary data indicate that in vitro solubility tests are not satisfactory to evaluate availability of iron supplements.

scholarly journals World Geopolitical Competition in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World

Article analyzes predictive estimates and concepts presented by the Western intellectual community, regarding prospects for development of new trends in the global economy, caused by the fourth industrial revolution. Author draws on a variety of sources, including reports from US think tanks, works by representatives of global financial and technocratic elite, and works by American intellectuals. Methodological basis of the study is a theory of the world system of I. Wallerstein, which allows to identify dynamic and conflicting lines of interaction between two geopolitical centers of the world - the United States and China. Based on an analysis of current trends, modern experts predict revolutionary changes in modern technologies that can decisively affect socio-political stability, not only in Western countries, but in developing countries as well. Author shows that the new technological structure is changing not only sector structure of the economy, but also has a strong impact on employment. According to American analysts, new technologies can destabilize socio-political stability in any country, especially in countries where cheap labor is a traditional tool. Robotization and automation of production can become a competitive advantage of the United States and Western countries in competition with China. Article notes that Russia is only at the very beginning of technological revolution, behind big five leading countries. Overcoming its lag in the field of AI and robotics requires adoption of comprehensive measures of economic, scientific and political nature. Ignoring realities of technological progress is fraught with increase in threats to national security.

scholarly journals 1342. Comparison of Lysin CF-301 (Exebacase) Activity Against S. aureus Isolates From Bacteremic Patients Enrolled in a Phase 2 Study (CF-301-102) to Contemporary Surveillance Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S410-S410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Anastasiou ◽  
Alena Jandourek ◽  
Maria Traczewski ◽  
Cara Cassino ◽  
Raymond Schuch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance

Abstract Background CF-301 (exebacase) is a novel, recombinantly produced, bacteriophage-derived lysin (cell wall hydrolase) which is the first lysin to enter Phase 2 (Ph2) in the United States and is being studied for the treatment of S. aureus bacteremia including endocarditis. We examined the activity of CF-301 against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) isolates from participants in the ongoing, CF-301 “first in-patient’ Ph2 study (NCT03163446) in comparison to activity reported in a recent surveillance study. Methods Patients with complicated bacteremia or endocarditis caused by S. aureus were enrolled into Study CF-301-102 at study centers in the United States and Guatemala between 2017 and 2018. Baseline isolates from blood cultures were collected prior to administration of CF-301. The activity of CF-301 activity against the first 36 isolates of MRSA (14) and MSSA (22) was determined at a central laboratory. Surveillance data for CF-301 were generated against 300 isolates of MRSA (150) and MSSA (150) collected between 2016 and 2017 from patients with various infection types at US centers. CF-301 MICs were determined using the modified broth microdilution method approved by the CLSI for CF-301. Results In vitro activity of CF-301 against S. aureus isolates from Ph2 Study CF-301-102 and surveillance Conclusion The activity of CF-301 against baseline S. aureus isolates from blood cultures obtained from bacteremic patients enrolled in the Ph2 study was similar to that observed in the surveillance study. Based on data from previously presented exposure target attainment animal studies, PK/PD modeling and preliminary non-clinical breakpoint assessments, we expect that strains with MIC values of ≤1 µg/mL will be susceptible to the clinical CF-301 dose (0.25mg/kg) under study in Ph2. Disclosures D. Anastasiou, ContraFect Corporation: Consultant, Consulting fee. A. Jandourek, ContraFect Corporation: Employee, Salary. C. Cassino, ContraFect Corporation: Employee, Salary. R. Schuch, ContraFect Corporation: Employee, Salary.

scholarly journals HOW SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION POSITIVELY AFFECT SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY INTERVENTION? A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE SCIENCE OF WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Tahereh Mehrollahia ◽  
Mariani Md Nora ◽  
Mahmoud Danaeeb ◽  
Brian Trenamanc
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
United States ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Research Criteria

Purpose: The recent decades were witnessed such a rapid rise in wellbeing researches on the field of psychology. Social psychology intervention (SPI) has a strong impact on individual mental health and remarkable achievement in education domain. In this context, subject development within the last years could be illustrated through a bibliometric approach. This research aimed to analyze the scientific productivity while considering global trends of psychological intervention. Methodology: Web of Science Core Collection databases were selected in the period from 1990 to mid-2018. By thoroughly scrutinizing the objects which came to this attention, the trend of documents, publication date, geographic contribution to the field, relevant authorship and most cited articles, as well as frequent keywords from more than thousand references, were investigated. Main Findings: The results clearly indicate that the United States of America dedicates itself with the highest level of attention in the area of social psychology intervention. Whereas, lower attention was focused on the research criteria in Asian continent, except China. Although the majority of the studies on SPI approach is from USA, but performed analysis highlight the vast research potential to validate without any specific considerations to certain region settings or cultures. Implications/Applications: Despite advantages of SPI, the majority of the existed researches has been carried out predominantly in United States. Whereas, from defining the unit of analysis, the hypothesis might worthily be studied by practitioners to generalize the issue over various frameworks.

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